2020小学英语字母书写规范（汇编20篇）

When I was picking up my stuff after school， I saw a dog staring at me at the school gate .I was kind of scary. I thought the dog would bite me when I was going out. But it was not. The dog started to follow me. I was very afraid. I started to run away， but the dog did it， either. Suddenly， the dog ran pass away me. I realized the man in front of me was the owner of the dog. I was relieved.

From then on， as long as a dog stares at me， I will look back to have a look whether there is another person near or not.

昨天,我到学校的时候,我的同桌对我说;咱们英语王老师从今往后在也不教咱们英语了.我说;这怎么可能.他说;是别的同学告诉我的.

最后他还跟我说是因为王老师找到工作了,所以才被掉走了.最终我还是没有相信他.

可是,在我去办公室改错题的时候我才发现王老师真的不教我们英语了.这时候我感觉我一定是看错了.等我回到教室的时候很多同学都说王老师掉走了,而且还换了一个男英语老师.

到了上英语课的时候,果然换了一个英语老师,我很后悔,王老师没有早一点跟我们说.可是这个老师刚进来就跟我们说;你们想不想见一个人呀.同学们都不约而同地回答到;想.其实我们早就知道是王老师,王老师一近来我们就都哭了.因为王老师教了我们四年.我知道王老师肯定是第一个来看的我们班.王老师还说有时间会回来看我们的.到了下午的时候王老师走了.我和我的同伴去送走了王老师.

我想王老师一定会回来看我们的.我一定要好好学习,不辜负王老师的期望.

My father is a nice man.He likes to play computer games.He is an owner of a factory which produces many things .He is good at designing.He works very hard.I love him very much because, sometimes,I can help him to do something in his factory .He is always on business trips because he has his business everywhere so it takes up too much of his time .

Therefore, he doesn’t have any time to play with me butI don’t blame him for that.I often spend a lot of my time on the computer,soI have something to do.My mother is usually on the phone and tells my father to get home early but my father doesn’t listen to her.So my mother andI sometimes are upset andI don’t like my father in a sense that he always gets home late.

I love my father but not his job!

My winter holiday is intersting, my winterholiday is very interesting.I can play a computer and watch aTV in the home.I still read some good books in the winter holiday.Because of the plan of value result of our school, let us time of few lesson remaining.Also opportunity to have no does the affair that likes to do.So, the winterholiday liked too to me.

But again schooled begins quickly, its be over means a kind of another life of beginning, my in the mind have a little longing , also have a little fear.Imagining to what freshman live is more.long for enjoyment,long for liberty.

考试就要开始了，对还有什么不了解的呢？为考生们提供各种面试、学习、择校等技巧及经验，希望可以帮助大家考得好成绩。在这里先网预祝大家考出理想成绩。

1.表文章结构顺序：

Firstofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second…

Andthen,Finally,Intheend,Atlast

2.表并列补充关系的：

Whatismore,Besides,Moreover,

3.表转折对比关系的：

However,Onthecontrary,but

Ononehand…Ontheotherhand…Some…，whileothers…

4.表因果关系的：

Because,As、So,Therefore,Asaresult

5.表换一种方式表达：

Inotherwords

6.表进行举例说明：

Forexample,句子;Forinstance,句子;suchas+n/doing

7.表陈述事实：Infact

8.表达自己观点：

AsfarasIknow,Inmyopinion

9.表总结：

Inshort,Inaword.

文中正确使用两三个好的句型，如：感叹句、宾语从句、动名词做主语等。

宾语从句举例：

IbelieveTianjinwillbemorebeautifulandprosperous.

感叹句举例：

HowIwanttostudyinthebestmiddleschoolinGuangzhou!

动名词做主语举例：

Readingbooksandswimmingaremyhobbies.

常用状语从句句型：

1)时间：

when,not…until(直到…才…)，assoonas(一…就…)

2)目的：

sothat+clause;(为了)

3)结果：

so…that…(如此…以至于…)，too…todo(太……以至于……)

4)条件：

if,unless(除非)，aslongas(只要)

5)比较：

as…as…(与…一样)，notso…as…，than

以上即是网为大家整理的英语作文写作技巧，大家还满意吗?希望对大家有所帮助!

There is a lovely teacher in our class. we like her as our friends. we would like to tell her everything, sadness and happiness . She helps us on our lessons and guides us on other things. I am happy to have such a good teacher.

Failure is so common in our life. No one can avoid it. When we fail in

doing something, we often feel so depressed that we have no interest in other

things. Sometimes failure can also make us lose heart. Therefore, no one wants

to be a failure.

Success is what we all hope for, because it can bring us a sense of pride

and a good reputation. The moment we succeed, we always feel so proud, as if

having everything in our hands. If one enjoys his continuous success in his

career, he will be famous and worshiped by others.

However, failure is the mother of success. One failure doesn’t mean you can

never be successful. It depends on what we do to deal with failure. Those who

are always afraid of failure and can’t go through it will never win. But as long

as we can get some lessons and experience from our failure, we’ll be sure to

succeed.

导语：老师就像辛勤的园丁，我们应该感谢我们的老师，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

I am lucky to have a teacher like you. And no matter what kind of person I will become, you will always have your influence on me. You taught me how to study, how to live and even how to be a man. From you, I learned what kind of person I want to be and what I should get from life. This means everything to me.

【参考译文】

我很幸运有像你这样的老师。无论我变成什么样的人，你都会对我有你的影响。你教我如何学习，如何生活，甚至如何成为一个男人。从你身上，我学会了我想成为什么样的人，我应该从生活中得到什么。这对我来说意味着一切。

在小学实习的每一天都是充满意义与欢乐的，每一天每一名学生都能给我带来新的体验与感悟，我看到他们在成长，在变成一个越来越懂事的大孩子。放学后的路上，甚至不知不觉走过了头儿，又折了回去。回到寝室，我激动的心情溢于言表!但总感觉无论我用多么感人肺腑的话语，都无法比拟这一天在学校度过的令我感动的、难忘的点点滴滴!

充实的一天

今天是忙碌的，整整一个上午，都是在不断的听写英语、督促同学们学习中度过的，下课了，我就立刻找那些英语单词背不好的孩子听写，课上，便马不停蹄的批作业，并且时刻盯着宇，让她学习。我是喜欢和她一起学习的，感觉她是有那种学习的热情的，可以给我以感染力，又让我充满动力与激情。她也是听话的，只是稍微不仔细了一些，慢慢改正，应该是可以的。

让优秀坚持下去

中午批数学卷时，我分配给了几名学生，他们都欣然接受了，只有艾不想批，我对她说：你不是答应老师可以做值日班长吗?为什么又不要做了?优秀是需要坚持的，今天优秀，明天就不了那算不上优秀。艾似乎觉得有道理，便争着要批卷了。在我看来，艾是个心灵手巧、善于观察的小姑娘，只是有时候不太注意自己是在一个集体中，总做一些特立独行的事情，但这些并不影响她成为一个优秀的人，如果她能把这份优秀一直坚持下去，那真的是不可估量啊!

肩负一份责任

今天，我考了很多同学英语单词，并且让她们的同桌考他们第二轮、第三轮，直到全对为止，其中就有一直很愿意帮助同学的卓，她真是个温文尔雅的好姑娘。还有一个就是让我刮目相看的达，我一直认为学习好的同学只会学习，不会帮助别人，但这一观点，将从今天起转变。我让达督促他的同桌然背单词，达尽职尽责，不仅监督然学习，还一字一句的教他。中午，我见然回到教室开始学习，虽说是在补之前欠的债，但我还是很欣喜的，不多久，达也回来了，是回来帮助然的，着实让我很受感动。在达身上，我看到了一份对同学无私奉献的爱和他那弱小的肩上支起的坚定的责任!相比之下，辛，你要加油了!今天就你没有考呀，至少该对自己负责吧，期待可以看到你主动来找我听写哦!

把机会让给他

下午上了一节令人震撼的语文公开课，不仅因为老师和同学们精彩的配合，更是因为那个多次发言的禹(同学们说他外刚内萌，感觉很有趣)。在这节课快要下课时，老师再次点到了他，但他并没有急于回答，而是说：老师，我把这个机会让给我的同桌，因为他也总举手，可是一次机会也没有得到。顿时，听课的老师们被禹的回答说笑了，包括安老师也包括我，这个笑绝对不是嘲笑，也不是搞笑，而是一种欣慰的笑，一种赞赏的笑。在大家都急于表现自己的时候，禹的这种友情、这种谦让，让所有人为他竖起大拇指，又怎能不令我感动呢?

I study in grade six and I will be a middle school student soon. I need to leave my campus and go to another city. Leaving the place that I have stayed for six years is a little sad. But thinking about the new life and the new challenges, I feel excited. it is hard to say goodbye sometimes, but it means growing up.

我现在在上六年级,我很快就会成为一名中学生了。我不得不离开校园,去另一个城市。离开我已经呆了六年的地方会有点难过。但是想到新的生活和新的挑战,我感到兴奋。有时很难说再见,但这意味着成长。

I like small animals have kitten doggie and so on, but my favorite is I buy small crabs.

Remember it was a Sunday, Zhao Yifan to seek me to play, we go out and see there is an old woman in sell crabs, we went to the old woman beside him, said: "grandma, we are going to two crabs." grandma gave us two, we returned home I hurriedly put a basin of wash in clean water, put the crab to the inside, Im afraid crabs dont adapt to the environment, and to put too many POTS I pick up the small stone on the beach, I carefully observe small crabs, see them as a battle-hardened general, commanding, a pair of round eyes can spirit, I touch it, its big claws waving up immediately.

One day, I went to see crabs found that there are many soil and leaves in the water, I will give it in water, holding it, I thought I will hurt it, will try very hard to of struggle, after a while it has no strength, I good the water was going to put it back, it with the tongs lived my fingers, I how to jilt also to throw off, I had to put it in the water, "it was slowly loosen the pliers.

I very like my little crabs, because it brings me a lot of fun, outside my study is to accompany me to play, it let me grow a lot of extra-curricular knowledge.

我喜欢的小动物有小猫小狗等等,但我最喜欢的还是我买的小螃蟹.

记得那是一个星期天,赵逸凡来找我玩,我们一出门便见有一位老奶奶在卖螃蟹,我们走到老奶奶身旁说:"老奶奶我们要两只螃蟹."老奶奶给了我们两只,我们回到家我连忙把一个脸盆洗了洗放进净水,把螃蟹放到了里面,我怕螃蟹不适应环境,又往盆里放了许多我在海边捡的小石头,我仔细观察小螃蟹,只见它们像久经沙场的将军,威风凛凛,一双圆溜溜的眼睛可精神了,我一碰它,它的大钳子立刻就挥舞起来.

有一天,我去看螃蟹发现水里有许多土和树叶,我就给它换水,我捏着它,它还以为我要伤害它,就拼命的挣扎,过了一小会它没有力气了,我接好水正想把它放回去时,它用钳子夹住了我的手指,我怎么甩也甩不掉,我只好服输把它放到水里,它这才慢慢地松开了钳子.

我非常喜欢我的小螃蟹,因为它给我带来了许多乐趣,在我学习之外都是它陪我玩,让我增长了许多课外知识.

Today, we read a lot about the passage to protect the environment. I recall ever happened in my side.

Remember last years summer vacation, my father and I went for a walk EHu edge, a way, Im kind of shouted thirsty, so my father on the side of the road store bought me a Popsicle. I ate and go, soon finished eating, carelessly threw the ice sticks into EHu. Dad saw, reminded me immediately; "Coco, cant litter oh! If everyone like you to throw garbage in the lake, the beautiful EHu lake becomes waste." Im ashamed of say: "know, next time I must not litter." Dad smiled and stroked my head and said: "the earth is our home, we should protect it, cherish it, let the sky bluer, the water cleaner, the grass is greener." I naughty to say: "oh, that is, everybody has said, the city is my home, clean environment depends on everybody. I understand." From then on, I no longer throw garbage.

I want to take care of the environment is closely related to everyone, so lets start from everyone!

今天，我们读了很多关于保护环境的小短文。我想起曾经在我身边发生的事情。

记得是去年的暑假，我和爸爸一起去鹅湖边散步，走了一段路，我就一个劲的喊口渴，于是，爸爸就在路边的小店给我买了根冰棍。我边吃边走，一会儿就吃完了，随手把冰棍棒往鹅湖里一扔。爸爸看见了，马上提醒我说;“可可，不能乱扔垃圾噢!如果每个人都像你一样往湖里扔垃圾，这美丽的鹅湖不就变成了垃圾湖了。”我羞愧的说：“知道了，我下次一定不乱扔垃圾。”爸爸微笑着抚摸我的头说：“地球也是我们的家，我们应该保护它，爱护它，让天更蓝，水更清，草更绿。”我调皮的说：“噢，那就是大家一直说的，城市是我家，环境清洁靠大家。我明白了。”让从那以后，我再也不乱扔垃圾了。

我想爱护环境与每个人息息相关，所以要从每个人做起!

My School Life

My life the most unforgettable is my primary school. Because I do not have to early to go to school every day。 Need not very tired. And also very early from school in the afternoon. Work is very less. Knowledge is also simple. My primary school life is so colorful.

I have a happy family. My family have five poeple:grandpa, grandma, father, mother, and me.

My grandparents live in countryside. They have six rooms. The room is big. There are two apple in the ground. They have sixteen goats and three cows. The goat is white. The cow is yellow. They are healthy.

My parents and me live in city. My father is a worker. His work is hard. My mother is a high schools Chinese teacher, She take bicycle go to work at sevenclock. In the afternoon, she doesnt go home. In the evening, she make supper. The food is delicious. I am a student. I have Chinese, math and English everyday. That is boring. I have many friends. After class, I play with my friends.

We are tried, but we are very happy. I love my family

我有一个幸福的家庭。我的家庭有五人:爷爷,奶奶,爸爸,妈妈,和我。

我的祖父母住在乡下。他们有六个房间。房间是大的。有两个苹果在地上。他们有十六个山羊和三头牛。山羊是白色的。牛是黄色的。他们是健康的。

我的父母和我住在城市。我的父亲是一个工人。他的工作是很难的。我妈妈是一个中学的语文老师,她在7点带自行车去上班。下午,她不回家。在晚上,她做晚饭。食物是美味的。我是一个学生。每天我有语文、数学和英语。这是无聊的。我有很多朋友。下课后,我和我的朋友玩。

我们试过了,但是我们很开心。我爱我的家庭

It was sunny today. I was excited. I got up at a quarter to seven.

I made a appointment to meet at nine o’clock. After I had my breakfast, I went to the Wanjia Market . It was hot outside. When I arrived, my friends didn’t arrive. I waited for him in front of the KFC’s door.

I haven’t seen them for a year. And in a year, we didn’t come into contact with others frequently. About ten minutes left, my friends arrived one by one. After we greeted,we went to play basketball in Liwan Gymnasium. The match last for tow hours.Oh!I fill very happy today!

高效的课堂是时下课堂教学的主流，也是我们一线教师的追求，在听完仇海云老师的讲座后，感想很多如何让孩子们喜欢上这个第二语言，学在其中乐在其中，如何才能提高教学效率，打造高效课堂，我有以下几点浅显的认识：

一、激发学生学习英语的兴趣

新课标指出：激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，是学生建立自信心。养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略，发展学生自主学习的能力和合作精神：是学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、读、写技能，形成一定的综合运用语言的能力，培养学生的观察、记忆、思维、想象力和创新能力，帮助学生了解世界和中西方文化的差异、拓展视野，培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观，为他们的终身学习和发展打下良好的基础。

“兴趣是最好的老师”。这毋容置疑。作为小学生的启蒙英语老师，我们有责任有义务培养学生的兴趣，这个兴趣应该是具有持久性的、积极向上的特点的。而物质刺激的方法对任何人都适用，甚至是宠物，其所产生的兴趣只是短暂的，比较低级的。因此，老师应该从小学生的生理和心理特点出发，精心设计教法，把英语课与活动课相融合，让学生在活动中快快乐乐学英语。同时，教师可根据小学生好胜心强的特点，开展适当的竞争性游戏，通过小组竞赛的形式，采取加减分数、抢得红五星等多种方法，使学生在竞争活动中获得成功所带来的满足感、成就感。而且，这类活动还能增强学生的团结协作意识，培养学生的合作精神。

二、有效提问是提高课堂教学效率的关键

提问是触发学生思维的引言，是激发学生觉悟的契机，是教学检测的手段。提问的质量制约着教学进程能否推进，决定着教学效果的好坏。要运用好提问，应当注意这样几点：

1、提问要有计划性。一堂课要提问几个问题，对于所提问题的切入角度都要进行精心的构思。先问什么，后问什么，教师要胸有成竹，精心策划。提问要由表及里，由浅入深，步步深入。教师思路明晰，也对学生思维起着潜在的导向作用。

2、提问要有启发性。提问要促进学生思考，要减少或避免走过场的应答式提问——简单地问“对不对”、 “好不表面热闹，价值不大，好”这种应答式的提问，思维的含量很少，而这样的提问在教师实际课堂教学中大有存在。

3、提问要难易适度。有效备课中有个环节就是“备学生”， 学生接受能力有差异，所以我们说要因材施教。提问要根据学生的实际水平，不可过浅，以免走过场;又不可过难，以防学生茫然失措，产生畏难情绪。

三、采用丰富多彩的课堂活动

小学英语教学内容更多的是以日常交流语言为主，带有很强的情境性。而由于孩子随意注意稳定性较差。这就要求我们将枯燥的教学内容还原为实际生活，将课堂教学活化为交流情境。而丰富多彩的活动正是英语教学的情境化中介，是优化英语课堂的关键，是教师了解实际的策略，更是教与学的中介。英语教学活动化，教师应真正树立为学生服务的观念，遵循学生的心理发展和认识发展规律，精心设计课堂的每一个环节，采取种种方法，充分调动学生主体参与的积极性，做学生学习与活动的参谋者，引导者和组织者。从实际出发，精心设计各种新鲜的活动，全身心地投入课堂，对学生的差异要心中有数，对出现的问题及时发现，及时解决，要使学生乐于参与，使他们能够在学习中尽情地发挥自己的才能，充分地表达自己的思想，勇敢地阐述自己的观点，真诚地表露自己的感情。这样，才会有利于全面发展，使他们喜欢英语，喜欢上英语课。

四、及时的给与多种形式的积极评价

教育是一个从量变到质变的不断发展的活动过程，需要根据情况变化及时做出判断和决定，由此产生相应的教育评价。评价是英语课程的重要的有机组成部分，是实现课程目标的重要保障。传统的评价重结果，轻过程，忽视人文性，往往使很多学生一旦失败几次，从此就失去了学习英语的兴趣和信心，课堂上再也见不到往日的微笑和高举的小手。苏霍姆林斯基说：“成功带来的愉快是一股强大的情感力量，儿童想当一名好学生的愿望就是依靠这个力量。”每个儿童都渴望成功，渴望得到老师的表扬，哪怕只是一次微笑。这就需要在平时的教学中注重形成性评价，注意发现每个学生学习的潜能，让他们自主地参与活动，完成学习。

五、及时反思是提高课堂教学效率的保证。

教学反思是教师以自己的教学活动过程和课堂教学实践作为思考对象而进行全面、深入、冷静的思考和总结，对自己在教学活动过程和课堂教学实践中所作出的行为决策以及由此产生的结果进行审视和分析的过程。本人认为，每堂课后，及时认真的进行课堂反思，总结得失，是一种不断地优化课堂教学，提高课堂教学效果的很好办法。

总之，我们只要在教学中以灵活多变的教学方法吸引学生积极参与课堂活动，激发他们的学习兴趣，我们追求的小学英语课堂高效就会慢慢实现。所以，我们要在教学中不断摸索，在摸索中不断前进，为学生将来的学习奠定坚实的基础。

20 June 2006

Dear Sir,

I noticed an ad. In the paper today you said you were looking for people to join your expedition team. It sounded as if it might be fun so Im writing to say Id like to come along.

About myself: I left school at 16 because I wanted to earn a bit of money. After that I got a few part-time jobs as a waiter, etc. But I didnt stick to any of them for long. Recently Ive been doing a bit of hitch-hiking round Europe so Ive had some experience of traveling the hard way which should come in handy on the expedition youre planning. By the way, Im a great guitarist so I can keep you all amused round the campfire at night.

Let me know when I can call in for a chat about dates and other details, etc.

Yours,

David Smith

I have a beautiful room. Although my room is very small, I love it very much. Look, there is a bed near the window. I like sunshine so my bed is set near the window. In front of the bed, there is a desk on which is several series of books. What’s more, I have plastered my bedroom wall with photos of my family. The light in my bedroom is light pink because I like this color.

我有一件很漂亮的房间。虽然我的房间很小，但是我很喜欢它。看，靠近那里有一张床。我喜欢阳光所以我的床是安在窗户边的。床前有一张桌子，桌子上摆了几套书。我还把卧室的墙都用我们家人的照片挂满了。我卧室的灯是粉红色的，因为我喜欢这个颜色。

Do you like my bedroom? If you like, come here and have a look!

你喜欢我的卧室吗?如果你喜欢，来看看吧!

I get up at 6 o clock in the morning, then I wash my face, brush my teeth. In a hurry after breakfast, I in mothers car to school. It will take us half an hour to get to school.

We have four classes in the morning. I have my lunch in my grandparents house, because they are closer from the school.

Proceed in the afternoon after school, then we clean the classroom.

I went home about 5:30. We have supper at seven o clock. I do my homework after supper. If I finish the homework earlier, I can watch TV for half an hour. I sleep half past nine or ten o clock.

我早晨六点起床，然后我洗脸、刷牙。匆匆吃完早饭，我坐妈妈的车上学。我们要用半个多小时才能到达学校。

我们上午上四节课。我在爷爷奶奶家吃午饭，因为他们家离学校更近些。

下午上两节课后就放学了，然后我们打扫教室。

我大约五点半到家。我们七点吃晚饭。晚饭后我做作业。如果我完成作业早一些，我可以看半小时电视。我九点半或十点睡觉。

I am very happy this summer vacation. I went to the countryside to spend my summer holidays. It is very beautiful there. There are green plants, clear river, lovely animals and kind people. I spent two weeks I help my grandfather do some farm work. What did I write my diary every day.

In addition, I also helped the children in the neighborhood of their experience and lessons. I helped them read English and improve their spoken English. Their parents are very grateful to me.

I went to the countryside to spend my summer holidays this year. I like green plants, clear river and lovely animals there. I breathe the fresh air on the mountain, I sometimes go swimming in the river. I write a diary every day.

I not only like the rural scenery, but also the people there. I helped them to do farm work. I also helped the children in the neighborhood of their experience and lessons. The children are interested in English. They are good at reading and writing, but not yet ready to listen to, really cant say. I help them improve their listening and speaking. Their parents praise me. I realized that knowledge is takes a lot of the countryside.

我今年暑假非常愉快。我去农村过暑假。这是非常美丽的存在。有绿色的植物，清澈的小河，可爱的动物和善良的人们。我花了两个星期中我帮爷爷干了些农活。我写了什么我的日记每天发生的事情。

此外，我还帮助邻居家的孩子他们的经验教训。我帮他们读英语，提高他们的英语口语。他们的父母为此很感激我。

我去农村过暑假，今年。我喜欢绿色的植物，清澈的小河和可爱的动物there.I在山上呼吸新鲜空气，有时我去河中游泳。我每天写日记。

我不仅喜欢那里的乡村景色，而且那里的人民。我帮他们干农活。我也还帮助邻居家的孩子他们的经验教训。孩子们对英语感兴趣。他们擅长阅读和写作，但没有做好听，说不好。我帮助他们改善他们的听力和口语。他们的父母高度赞扬了我。我意识到，知识是需要很大的农村。

Hello， My name is Tiger。 I am 11 years old。

Today I will talk about sport。 I like basketball， chess and football。 Basketball is my favourite sport。 Basketball is an interesting sport。 I think who play Basketball often can get cleverer and fitter than who does not。 Im good at playing basketball。 I always play it with my good friends Cookie and Simmon。 Sometimes we just play it for fun， sometimes for match。 I like match， even if we are the losers。 We run to each other， pass the ball to others， teacher always tells as to help your team to put the ball in basketball stand。 Playing basketball tells me that when you are in the team， you should do teamwork。

I like playing basketball。 Therefore I like NBA。 NBA the Lakers and Rocket are my favorite teams。 I have my favourite basketball players too 。They are Yaoming and Kobe Bryant。 On Sunday I like to watch basketball matches with my father。 I yell when they get points for their team。 I hope I can join BNA one day。 Although I am not tall enough， I want to be a good basketball player。

[小学生英语作文我喜欢的运动