动物的英语作文8篇 作文怎么写（精品20篇）

目前，濒危的动物正在日益剧增。如何保护濒危动物成了我们的当务之急。人们疯狂的捕杀动物，为了它们的肉、皮毛。我们这样做是不对的，因为动物是我们的朋友，我们应该保护它们，而不是将它们赶尽杀绝。大熊猫就是濒危动物的代表，它生活在森林里，以竹子为食，它们仅仅依靠着自然保护区生存。我们应该停止对动物们的捕杀，更好地保护它们

There are more and more endangered animals at present,so how to protect them has been our task of top priority . Its wrong for people to hunt animals for their meat and feather,for they are our good friends.We should protect them instead of killing them.Giant pandas,which are one of the endangered animals,live in the forests and live on bamboo lealves.They can just live safely in the natural protection zones.We should stop killing animal and protect them.

there are many kinds of animals in the world,but not only the humans.we live in the same world,and we should be friends.as everybody knows,the humans are the rulers of the world today,so we should protect our friends--the animals!

but how to protect them?as first,i think we must stop killing the rare birds and animals,especially the young ones.the second,we have to protect the environment,to make the sky blue,to make the grass green,to give the animals a comfortable space to live.it`s not only for the animals but also ourselves.the last,we should tell more and more people why and how to protect the animals,make everyone do this.

What kind of animals do you like in our common homeland - earth, how many animals do you like? Anyway, my favorite animal is our most loyal friend - dog.

My favorite dog is my neighbors home that is a Beijing dog and rounds and Coli sheep shepherd handsome. They play together every day, is a pair of good friends, I also like them, they saw me and wagged my tail came to me.

Handsome body Biao big, the body about sixty centimeters long. Two legs standing, fully able to my shoulder, his eyes, nose, mouth, ears are more than round, and most like to see him running when the figure - curly flying, like a horse. I often and round, handsome with the running, each time is handsome first, round second, my third It is no exaggeration to say that the speed of handsome hands run no less than the speed of purebred horses. The general dog ran up, will be issued a "blah" sound, handsome handsome hands up very small, not careful is not heard. Handsome handsome look is also handsome: curly flying, the body was arcuate. If you want to use a word to describe handsome, that is: handsome. If you use a word, that is: impeccable.

Relative to the handsome hands, round the size of a lot of small, only about thirty centimeters long, less than half the handsome handsome. The meaning of his name comes from his pair of eyes, it is too round. Like a shiny black gem. And his legs are round, round the name is so come. And his legs are very short, so even if he sprinkled his feet running, but also run fast, but I still like his kind of simple cute.

This is my favorite animal, you like it?

This afternoon, I turned on the computer on the qq, and saw in qq space "simply make the gods cry".

Some people are ready to take the little bears bile. At that time, break the cage, a mother bear with huge PAWS strangled little bear, then her head hit the wall and died. Maybe it is their best way to them, because they are relieved.

After I read this story, I almost cry. So cute teddy bear, so the great bear, who is cruel killed them? Is human. Who is the one who claim to protect giant pandas? As humans. This is not a contradiction? The giant panda is a national treasure in our country, but as soon as I saw some pandas humans want to flee. Why is this? Because someone hurt the panda.

The panda is so cute! They also have life, they are not rich. We must protect the panda, some panda has been found, there are some pandas still suffer from the endless pain. We want to be treated, if they are they, by this pain?

Here, I appeal to everyone: love animals, let animals no longer afraid of us, let the world become real peace!

At the same time I also urge those who hurt the panda: panda also have life, pandas have feelings. Their value is not let us make a living, but live for yourself. I hope you can stop here!

今天下午，我打开电脑上了qq，，在qq空间里看见了“惊天地泣鬼神”的一幕。

一些人准备取小熊的胆汁，这时，一只母熊挣脱了铁笼，用巨大的熊掌掐死了小熊，然后把头撞上墙壁，死了。也许这是它们最好它们的办法，因为它们解脱了。

看完这一则故事，我快哭了。这么可爱的小熊，这么伟大的母熊，是谁狠心夺走了它们的生命?是人类。口口声声说保护大熊猫的是谁?也是人类。这不是自相矛盾吗?大熊猫是我国的国宝，可一些熊猫看见人类就想逃。这是为什么?因为有人伤害熊猫。

熊猫是多么可爱啊!他们也有生命，它们不是致富的工具。我们一定要保护熊猫，一些熊猫已找到，还有一些熊猫还在受那无尽的痛苦折磨。我们要将心比心，假如自己是它们，受到这种痛苦会怎么样?

在这里，我呼吁大家：爱护动物，让动物不再惧怕我们，让这个世界变得真正和平吧!

同时我也奉劝那些伤害熊猫的人：熊猫也有生命，熊猫也有感情。它们的价值并不是让我们赚钱，而是为自己而活。希望你们能到此收手!

Animals are humans good friends, everyone has their favorite animal, you guess what I like best? Might as well to listen to me first a description, smart you can guess. It is brown, red, red bottom, dark and liquid of small eyes, long tail, a bit like with people, its like to live in the tree, you please it down it is not willing to? Ha ha, said along while, you must guess what animal it is? It is naughty cute little monkey.

Remember once my parents and I go to Shanghai Zoo to play, because I too like to wait, so the first place to play is the monkey hill. Nice to see so many monkeys, straight up. I want to play play them, so he picked a leaf and put in the cage next to dangling, and I didnt think a monkey saw this, quickly rushing down from the monkey mountain, jerked my hand up the leaves away. I didnt think it would be so fast, I startled the defenseless. Before I could react, it has been chewed up the leaves in your mouth. But didnt chew two times, all spit it out, as if to say: "bad, really bad." Also made a face at me, we immediately the funny looks amused by it burst out laughing.

动物是人类的好朋友，每个人都有自己喜欢的动物，你们猜猜我最喜欢什么?不妨先来听我描述一番，聪明的你就能猜到了。它一身棕色的毛，红红的屁股，乌溜溜的小眼睛，长长的尾巴，跟人有几分相似，它喜欢生活在树上，你请它下来它还不乐意呢。哈哈，说了半天，你一定猜到它是什么动物了吧?那就是调皮可爱的小猴子。

记得有一次我和爸爸妈妈一块儿去上海动物园玩，因为我太喜欢候子了，所以第一个去玩的地方就是猴山。看到这么多的猴子，我也高兴得直蹦。我想耍耍它们，于是就采了片叶子，放在笼子旁边晃来晃去，没想到一只猴子看见了，飞快地从猴山上冲下来，猛地一下就把我手中的树叶抢走了。我没料到它的动作会这么快，把毫无防备的我吓了一跳。没等我反应过来，它已经把叶子放在嘴里大嚼起来了。不过没嚼两下，都吐了出来，好像在说：“难吃，真难吃。”还对着我做了个鬼脸，我们顿时被它那滑稽有趣的样子逗得哈哈大笑起来。

Marine environment is one in water seawater tolerance hydrolyzate and suspended solids seabed sediment and marine organisms including complex systems. Ocean rich biological resources mineral resources chemical resources and power resources is an indispensable resource treasure house of human beings with human survival and development of the relationship very close.

The main objective of the current marine conservation is to protect the living marine resources so as not to failure in order for human sustainable use. In particular give priority to protect those valuable and critically endangered marine life. According to the UN for investigation due to overfishing accidental capture and killing of non-target to allow hunting of marine coastal shoreline construction mangrove deforestation widespread marine pollution at least the worlds 25 most valuable fishery resources depleted whales sea turtles manatees and many other marine animals face extinction risk. Is expected that with the expansion of the scale of ocean development

Marine living resources are likely to cause more damage.The task of the first marine protected right to stop over-exploitation of living marine resources and secondly to protect the habitat of marine life or habitat in particular their migration spawning foraging avoiding predators coast tidal flats estuaries coral reefs it is necessary to prevent the heavy metals pesticides oil organic and easy to produce nutrients such as eutrophication of marine pollution. Preservation of the marine living resources of the natural regeneration capacity and water purification capacity preservation of the marine ecological balance to ensure sustainable human development and utilization of the oceans.

At present, the endangered animals are increasingly sharp increase. How to protect endangered species has become our top priority. The killing of animals, people are crazy, in order of their meat, fur. We are doing this wrong, because the animals are our friends, we should protect them, rather than ruthless to them.

目前，濒危的动物正在日益剧增。如何保护濒危物种已成为我国的当务之急。杀害动物，人都疯了，在他们的肉类，毛皮。我们这样做是不对的，因为动物是我们的朋友，我们应该保护它们，而不是无情的人。

Giant Panda is the representative of endangered animals, which live in the forest to feed on bamboo, they are relying solely on the nature reserve to survive. We need to stop the killing of animals to better protect them

大熊猫是濒危动物的代表，它生活在森林里，以竹子为食，他们仅仅依靠自然保护区生存。我们需要停止杀害动物更好地保护它们

我最喜欢的小动物是小鸡。

My favorite little animal is chicken.

恰好，我家楼下307号就养了几只小鸡。每天我们经过时，这些小鸡都偏着脑袋看我们哩。

Just right, my house downstairs 307, raised a few chickens. Every day we pass by, the chicks lean on our heads.

小鸡全身毛茸茸的，很可爱。一身黄黄的羽毛像披着一件金黄的礼服。小鸡有一双尖尖的小嘴。圆圆的眼睛看人时还蛮有精神的呢。

The chickens are hairy and lovely. A yellow feather like wrapped in a golden dress. The chicken has a pair of pointed little mouth. The round eyes are quite spiritual when they look at people.

我没看到它们的耳朵，但是小鸡不可能没有耳朵。如果没有耳朵的话，那我们走过去时，它们怎么会偏着脑袋朝我们瞧呢?

I dont see their ears, but chickens cant have ears. If there were no ears, how could they lean on our heads when we walked by?

妈妈说，刚孵出的小鸡还只能吃小米粒，不能吃谷子或玉米，还要经常给它们喝水。要是有小虫子给它们吃，它们一定会长得更神气。

Mother said, the newly hatched chickens can only eat small grains of rice, can not eat millet or corn, but also often give them water. If they had worms, they would have grown stronger.

我多喜欢这些可爱的小鸡呀。但是爸爸妈妈说现在还不能养，不养好的话，它们会死的。

I love these lovely chicks. But mom and

导语：人类正试图猎取野生动物以获取更大的利润，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

As is often read in the newspaper reports, wild life especially the rare species is threatened with extinction. Human beings are making attempts to hunt wild animals for a big profit., which, of course, results in a sharp decrease in the number of animals. So it is high time for us to take quick action to protect them. First of all, its quite necessary for every citizen to realize the importance of animal protection. Only by knowing its importance can people develop a sense of responsibility. People will surely take it for granted to have the duty to prevent any killing of wild animals. So a national publicity campaign should be launched, thus giving animals a good living environment. In addition, the government should pass some laws to forbid any hunting of rare animals. We dont expect anything harmful to wild life to happen again.

If everyone is involved in the protection of wild life, were sure man will be a good friend of animals rather than their enemy.

【参考译文】

正如报纸上经常看到的那样，野生生物特别是稀有物种面临灭绝的危险。人类正试图猎取野生动物以获取更大的利润，当然，这会导致动物数量急剧减少。所以现在是我们采取行动保护他们的时候了。首先，每个公民意识到保护动物的重要性是很有必要的。只有认识到它的重要性，人们才能产生责任感。人们一定会想当然地认为有责任阻止野生动物的捕杀。开展全国性宣传活动，为动物创造良好的生存环境。此外，政府应该通过一些法律，禁止猎杀珍稀动物。我们不希望发生任何对野生动物有害的事情再次发生。

如果每个人都参与野生动物的保护，我们相信人类将是动物的好朋友，而不是敌人。

Every time I go to the zoo, I was always against the stream of people, into the gate, and then turn left, go to see my favorite big bird - a swan

Sunday morning, I have to go to the zoo with mom and dad. Chardonnay at the beginning of the red fire that day, the lake calm a swan in the water, they beat their broad wings, and over the red sun.

Swan with a white feather, looks very beautiful. They quite on the surface of the lake and swam slowly, the calm water of the lake like a bright mirror, reflected the difficult they figure, like a pair of players in two-way dance, dance, dance music that I can not help but want to talk about a swan, the music for them. Swim a son, may be tired, then into the shore to rest, the tree house is the home of the swan. In this beautiful green lawn, they quietly watching from a distance, as if a snow.

I love swan, swan is love beautiful symbol. Many writers have written the story of the swan, like Anderson grandpa write a fairy tale... See a swan, I as if into a fairy tale world.

我每次去动物园，我总是逆着人流，一进大门，就往左拐，去看望我最喜爱的大鸟-天鹅

星期天的早晨，我又和爸爸、妈妈一起去动物园。那天霞火初红，湖水平静一对天鹅在水面划过，他们拍打着宽大的翅膀，托出了红艳艳的朝阳。

天鹅长着一身雪白的羽毛，显得格外美丽。它们在湖面上娴静得、慢慢地游动着，那平静的湖面像一面明亮的大镜子，倒映出他们那高难度的身影，就像一对舞蹈队员在跳双人舞，使我不禁想谈一首天鹅舞曲，为他们伴奏。游了一儿，也许是累了，便进岸边休息了，树下的房子就是天鹅的家。在这美丽的绿色草坪上，他们静静的望着，远远望去，仿佛是一座雪雕。

我爱天鹅，天鹅是爱美的象征。许多文学家都写过天鹅的故事，好比安徒生爷爷写的童话......看到天鹅，我就仿佛进入了童话世界。

导语：谚语的使用能够使作文语言流畅，生动活泼，处处闪现亮彩。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1、Fine feathers make fine birds.

人要衣装，马要鞍。

2、Don’t be a dog lying in the manger.

莫学狗占马槽不吃草。不要占着茅坑不拉屎。

3、Scornful dogs will eat dirty puddings.

狗再傲慢也会吃脏布丁。

4、Who will bwll the cat?

谁去给猫系铃?谁愿意为大家冒风险?

5、Too much pudding will choke a dog.

布丁太多噎死狗。

6、Dog does not eat dog.

同类不相残。

7、When the weasel and the cat make a marriage, it is a very ill presage.

黄鼠狼和猫结亲，不是好事情。

8、Dead dogs bite not.

死狗不咬人。

9、There are more ways of killing a cat than by choking it with butter.

杀猫的办法很多。达到目的的途径很多。

10、A crow is never the whiter for washing herself often.

江山易改，本性难移。

11、A gloved cat catches no mice.

戴手套的猫，老鼠抓不到。不愿吃苦的人成不了大事业。

12、The cat shuts its eyes when stealing cream.

帽偷吃奶油的时候总是闭着眼睛。

13、Birds in their little nests agree.

同巢之鸟心儿齐。

14、Every dog is a lion at home.

狗在家门口就成了狮子。

15、It’s an ill bird that fouls own nest.

家丑不可外扬。

16、A cat has nine lives.

猫有九条命;吉人天相。

17、All cats are grey in the dark.

黑暗之中猫都是灰色的。人未出名时看起来都差不多。

18、Each bird loves to hear himself sing.

鸟儿都爱听自己唱。

19、He who would hang his dog gives out first that it is mad.

欲加之罪，何患无词。

20、Kill two birds with one stone.

一箭双雕;一举两得。

21、A bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk.

听音识鸟，闻言识人。

22、The frog in the well knows nothing of the great ocean.

井底之蛙，不知大海。

23、Care kill a cat.

忧虑愁死猫。

24、You cannot catch old birds with chaff.

用粗糠捉不住老鸟。有经验的人难骗。

25、Let sleeping dogs lie.

勿惹事生非。

26、Every dog has his day.

人人皆有得意时。

27、All are not thieves that dogs bark at.

狗见了叫的不一定都是贼。不要以貌取人。

28、Birds of a feather flock together.

物以类聚，人以群分。

29、A staff is quickly found to beat a dog with.

欲加之罪，何患无词。

30、Love me, love my dog.

爱屋及乌。

31、A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。

32、Barking dogs don’t seldom bite.

爱叫的狗很少咬人。(.)

33、Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched.

鸡蛋未孵出，先别数小鸡。不要过早乐观。

34、Cats hide their claws.

知人知面不知心。

​

我最喜欢的小动物——乌龟，我给它取了个名字叫“李世延”，平时我喊它“延延”。它不仅仅是外形可爱而且它有时还能听懂我的话呢!它的脑袋小小的、脖子细细的、还背着一个像碗口一样大小的壳、绿绿的，尖尖的小尾巴走起路来一摇一摆非常有趣。

My favorite little animal, the tortoise, gave me the name "Li Shiyan", and I usually called it "extension"". Not only is it cute, but it can understand me sometimes! Its head is small, thin neck, also carrying a bowl of the same size as the shell, green, pointy little tail walking swaying is very interesting.

虽然它只是一只小动物，可是它也有一颗善良的心。有一次爷爷生病住院，它竟然绝食了!即使我们给它买了它最爱吃的泥鳅鱼，它也不肯吃了。直到爷爷半个月出院后，它才高兴的吃东西，当时那个狼吞虎咽的样子真是让人又爱又怜。

Although it is only a small animal, but it also has a kind heart. Once when Grandpa was ill in hospital, he went hungry! Even if we bought it its favorite loach fish, he refused to eat it. It wasnt until the grandfather left the hospital half a month ago that he was happy to eat, and it was really a love and pity at the time.

但有时候，它也很“可恨”!一天，它在玻璃缸里憋的难受要出来，我看它着急的样子就好心帮它，我用食指和大拇指小心地捏住它的壳，轻轻地把它拿出来，没想，到它竟然用尖尖的爪子挠我，真是不识好人心!虽然我很生气，但看到它开心的在地上自由的到处玩耍，我也替它高兴。

But sometimes, its also "hateful.""! One day, it in the glass bowl to hold uncomfortable, I think it will help it in such a hurry, I use the index finger and thumb carefully pinched its shell, gently put it out, didnt think it even with the sharp claws on me, is really not good people! Although I am very angry, but see it happy on the ground free to play everywhere, I also happy for it.

这就是我最喜欢的小动物——乌龟“延延”。你们喜欢它吗?

This is my favorite little animal - the tortoise". Do you like it?

Rabbit is an cute kind of amimals.It has two long ears.They can make rabbits hear carefully.It also has a short tail，which makes rabbits so lovely.Rabbits likes eating carrots.If you feel lonely.You can keep a rabbit.It can be your good friend.

兔子是一种机灵的动物，它有两个长耳朵，它们可以让兔子清楚地倾听。兔子还有一个短尾巴,让兔子更可爱。兔子喜欢吃胡萝卜，如果你感到孤独，你可以养一只兔子，它会成为你的朋友。

I have a parrot. Its name is Nancy. I call it Nancy， because it is my passed grandmother’s name. I love her and hope she can accompany with， so I name my parrot her name. Nancy is very beautiful. Its fur is special comfortable. It is clever， too. At first， it can’t say any words， but now it can say many words. Like， good morning， good afternoon， good night， good bye and so on. it learns fast. I love it very much.？

I love dogs, dogs are the cutest animal ever on earth. From small and cute ones to big and fierce ones. I love all kind of them. They say dogs are mans best friends. I agree with that because dogs are royal, friendly and fun to play with. Some of them are extremely cuddly and soft to hold and hug. While some of them are extremely royal and helps us guard all our properties.

导语：你有养过小动物吗?你最喜欢的小动物是什么呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

My favourite animal is tortoise. Tortoise walk not fast. But I like the tortoise. Why? Because, tortoise is a cute animal. It have a short tail and a four short foot. It have a little head and a hard shell. They are forty-five little and cute tortoise in My home. They like to play in the water. When they afraid some thing. They wall run fast. They like to eat the fish. I often buy some small fish to them to eat. They can catch the fish fast. First, they fake(假) sleep. When the fish swim near they mouth. They catch the fish fast and bit the fish head. So, the fish die. They can eat the fish. In winter. They like to sleep in the sand. When they sleep, they don’t eat any food.Because

they wall hibernation. But, when they are thirsty. They come out of the sand. So, we must give water to them to drink.

I love the tortoise. I hate the eagle. Because, the eagle often eat the tortoise with it sharp mouth.My favourite animal is tortoise.

英语作文翻译：

我最喜欢的动物是乌龟。乌龟走不快。但我喜欢乌龟。为什么?因为乌龟是一种可爱的动物。它有一个短尾巴和一四短脚。它有一个小脑袋和一个硬壳。他们是我家里四十五只可爱的小乌龟。他们喜欢在水里玩。当他们害怕某些事情。他们墙跑得快。他们喜欢吃鱼。我经常买一些小鱼给他们吃。他们能很快抓到鱼。首先，他们伪造(假)睡眠。当鱼儿游近它们的嘴。他们抓鱼快，咬鱼头。所以，鱼死了。他们可以吃鱼。在冬天。他们喜欢睡在沙滩上。当他们睡觉时，他们不吃任何食物。

他们墙冬眠。但是，当他们渴了。他们从沙子里出来。所以，我们必须给他们水喝。

我爱乌龟。我恨鹰。因为，鹰经常用它锋利的嘴吃乌龟，我最喜欢的动物是乌龟。

Panda is one of the scarcest animals. People in the world like it very much. there used to be many pandas in China long ago. As the balance of nature was destroyed and the weather was getting warmer and warmer, pandas became less. But at present, the number of pandas is increasing year by year. there are now so many pandas that some are being sent to other countries so that people there can enjoy them.

Nowadays, the biggest nature park for panda in China is in Sichuan. there is a research centre for nature and wild life there. Scientists hope that one day they will have enough pandas to be set free and let them live in the wild again.

Here is a small zoo. I like the tiger, although they are very ugly, but very imposing. Also has the national treasure panda, they are a little shy, does not dare to look at us. Who are those? they are elephants, you look at they to be huge, also has a point to be interesting. I do not like the lion, they compare the tiger clown, is also unimposing.

This is the small zoo.

June 23rd Sunday Sunny

It was a fine day today and the sun was bright. I visited Beijing Zoo with my classmate, He Song. The animals were so interesting that all the people loved them. When a bear asked for some food by waving its ann, a visitor threw something to it. At once I went up to him and said without thinking,Dont do that. Its bad for it. If you really love them, take good care of them. His face turned red and answered he wouldnt do that again.

6月23日星期日睛

今天是个风和日丽的好天，我和同学贺松去了北京动物园。动物们是那么可爱，大家都非常喜欢它们。一只熊挥动着胳膊向人们要吃的，一个游客就投进去了什么东西。我想都没想就走过去说：不要那样做。你的做法对它们没好处。如果真的喜欢它们，就应该爱护它们。他的脸红了，并且回答说他不会再那么做了。

[初一英语作文 爱护动物

Do you know of any endangered animals? Why are they in danger? I think there are many endangered animals in the world, such as tigers and pandas. When farmers cut down trees, tigers can no longer hide and hunt. Many tigers are killed by people who want to sell their fur for money. And there are few places where pandas can live. We are not alone in the world. We human beings could not live without all the plants and animals around us. So protecting wildlife animals are very important. We must take measures to keep plants from being destroyed and stop animals from being killed. If each of us can plant a tree and build a birdhouse, the world will be more beautiful. It is very easy but useful.

你知道任何濒危动物吗?他们为什么处于危险中?我认为世界上有许多濒危动物,如老虎和熊猫。当农民砍伐树木,老虎再也无法隐藏和狩猎。很多老虎都被那些想要出售他们的毛皮。,很少有熊猫生活的地方。世界上我们并不孤单。我们人类离不开我们周围所有的植物和动物。所以保护野生动物是非常重要的。我们必须采取措施防止植物被破坏,阻止动物被杀。如果我们每个人都可以种一棵树和建立一个禽舍,世界将会更美丽。它非常容易,但很有用。

There used to be many kinds of birds which are pests for protected crops. They are good friends at present.But the number of the birds has been greatly reduced because too much poison is used. As the result, the numberof the pests has increased.The peasants spent a lot of money and time in killing them every year.But it is still hard to eliminate them.Now you can see how poor it is for us to protect wild animals and to keep the balance of nature.Only that everyone know these can we live on a beautiful lives.

曾经有许多鸟类都能够保护庄家，以防害虫的侵害。他们是农民的好朋友。但是鸟类的数量正在急剧减少，这是因为人们大量使用农药造成的。所以，害虫的数量增加了。每年，农民都会花费大量经费，以及时间来消除害虫。但是，人们还是很难将它们清除。如今，我们无法保护野生动物，并无法保持生态平衡。只有我们所有人提高意识我们才能过上幸福的生活。