初一下册英语作文题目及范文【优秀20篇】

Hello!I am a girl,My name is Zheng jingyi,I’m 12 years old,I come from Zhangzhou,I’m in Class 2,Grade 7.My telephone number is 123456789.I have long hair,big eyes,small nose and small mouth.Look!Who is she?She is my good friend,her name is Chen han,she is 12,too.She is from Zhangzhou,too.She is 14 years old,she is in Class 3,Grade 7,She telephone number is 987654321.She has short hair,big eyes,small nose and wide mouth.We are in the same school,but in different Classes.

我很特殊，但我很坚强，很幸福，很快乐。我不是“不幸”，只是“不便”。我不想“赫赫有名”，我只追求幸福安康。

我虽然是个残疾人，但我也是家中的一份子，也应理所当然的为家里做一些力所能及的家务事。我虽然是个残疾人，但我也是父母的一块心头肉，也应当全力以赴的去关爱他们，孝敬他们，让他们生活在充满爱与温暖的世界里。我虽然是个残疾人，我也是祖的一员，有义务效劳她，为好做出自己最大的贡献。我不想成为家人的负担，在将来更不想成为祖的负担。我身残，但心却不残。我深信要做一个残而有为的祖国的栋梁者。为了实现这远大的梦想，我一定会付出努力再努力的血汗，让梦想成为现实。

“送人玫瑰，手有余香”。这句话始终陪伴我度过最关键的时刻，它每时每刻都寄予着我，提醒着我，让我的人生变得更加多姿多彩。帮助他人，孝敬父母，效劳祖国。让我们从身边做起，从小事做起。

做饭是我从小最想学会的家务事之一。由于我身体的缺陷父母给我加倍的爱，对我的呵护是小心翼翼，生怕我受到一点点伤害。兄弟姐妹给予我最大的谦让，总是把最好的那份分给我。从此，我便成了家里的“掌上明珠”。确切的说我已成为了家里的负担。

小时候，家里贫穷，过着有上餐没下餐的.日子，住着简陋赤地的屋子，穿着别人送来的旧衣服。父母每天早出晚归不分昼夜的工作，一切都是为了我们可以吃饱穿暖，给我们一点快乐。每天傍晚爸妈回来，尽管他们已经很疲劳了，他们还是要料理家务，烧饭煮菜的忙里忙外，还要照顾生病的奶奶，而我却帮不上一点忙，真的很心疼他们。我要学会做家务，要减轻他们的负担。

一开始我央求妈妈教我煮饭，妈妈硬是不肯让我学，让我在家里等着他们回来。我也是不饶人的，天天求妈妈让她教我，妈妈拗不过我答应了。功夫不负有心人，我终于学会了。之后我学会了洗菜，洗衣服

。等等，很多的第一次，只有不懈的努力才会有成果。

小时候所认真努力过的事情，第一次能证明我能行，难忘的第一次。

As a student in Yibin, we should behave well.

First, I think it’s very important to do everything on time and keep promises. Never lie to others or say dirty words. Next we should be polite to others and ready to help people in need. Then we’d better not talk loudly in public. Don’t throw litter or spit about. And remember to obey traffic rules.

Finally, learn to work with others. We need good team work in our life.

Climbing

Its spring now. The weather is warm and comfortable. Its a good time for hiking. Therefore, my teacher organized a climbing for us. There is a beautiful mountain in my city and its target this time. We took bus there and arrived there at 9 a.m.. After we took off the bus, we started to climb. The mountain is high but the scenery is beautiful. We are so excited that we climbed fast at first. But after a while, some of us were tired,especially girls. They did not want to go on anymore. But some others encouraged and helped them. All of us slowed down our speed, so that no one was left behind. About 11:00 a.m., we got to the top of the mountain. We were so happy that we did it. We feel that all the tiredness were worth it. 初中英语作文

现在是春天。天气非常的温暖和舒适。这是一个远足的好时机。因此，我的老师为我们组织了登山的活动。在我们的城市有一个美丽的山，这一次的目标就是它。我们乘搭巴士，并在早上9点抵达。我们下车后，我们开始向上爬。山不是很高，但风景秀丽。我们很高兴，我们爬上第一快。但一段时间后，我们有些人累了，尤其是女孩子。她们不想上去了。但另一些人鼓励和帮助她们。由于我们都放慢我们的速度，所以没有人被落下。上午11:00左右，我们到了山顶。我们很高兴我们做到了。我们觉得这所付出的汗水是值得的。

Generation gap, simply is the idea of the thoughts of the people of different age groups for gap caused by the psychological distance. Just as a ditch, separated by the generation of people, affect the understanding and communication between two generations. But in the new century, the generation gap exists not only between the generation and the next generation, and separated by 10 years, 8 years in age between people, even between senior and junior in the university, there will be amazing. People often say, the generation gap is the trace of time, the pace of change. In that case, a generation gap is natural, but there is no generation gap is not natural, so, the generation gap phenomenon is easy to be understood. But generation gap is after all the difficulties in communication, and easy to increase the likelihood of formation of prejudice and discrimination, one light on either side of the generation gap, mutual understanding, or hostile, so we also should through various channels for various efforts to bridge the generation gap, to fill the gap. Actually, the generation gap is not a physical existence, but a psychological, contact, can let once broken psychological link between generation and generation succeeded, so as to achieve smooth communication and get along with harmony.

Objective existence of the generation gap and calmly treat the generation gap, not only help yourself, also benefit others.

The generation gap is often the deviations in understanding the psychological cause. People choose the different Angle of information, determine someone looks at changes and differences, some focus on the same and similar. So people can not accept directly or next generation and the differences of their generation, often associated with the selectivity of intellectual.

The childs world, very different from adults, geared pretty tube, will hinder greatly the development of the child. This is lu xun said a word.

代沟，简单地说就是不同年龄层次的人因思想观念上的差距造成的心理距离。就象沟一样，隔开了一代一代的人，影响两代人之间的理解和沟通。但是到了新世纪，代沟不仅存在于上一代与下一代之间，而且在年龄相隔10年、8年的人们之间，甚至在大学的高年级与低年级之间，都会有令人惊叹的明显差异。人们常常说，代沟是时间的痕迹，变革的脚步。如此看来，出现代沟是自然的，没有代沟反倒是不自然的，所以，代沟现象也容易被人理解。 但代沟毕竟是困扰交流与沟通的难点，而且容易增加形成偏见和歧视的可能性，代沟两侧的人轻则互不理解，重则抱有敌意，所以我们也要通过种种途径作各种努力来跨越代沟、填平代沟。其实，代沟也并不是一种物理存在，而是一种心理存在，接触，可以让代与代之间曾经断裂的心理联系接续起来，从而达到交流的顺畅和相处的和谐。

承代沟的客观存在，心平气和地对待代沟，这样不仅有助于自己，也有益于他人。

代沟往往是心理认识的偏差导致的。人们选择信息角度的不同，决定了有人着眼于变化和差异，有人着眼于不变和相似。所以人们不能接受上代或下代与自己这一代人的差异，往往与知性的选择性有关。

孩子的世界，与成人截然不同，一昧蛮管，就大碍孩子的发展。这是鲁迅说的一句话。

This year, the Lantern Festival, after dinner, we went to watch the lantern and fireworks.

Just after seven, we came to the new city watching lanterns, huge crowds of people here, lantern variety, novel design, various shapes, municipal government before the entire street Christmas, dazzling, attracted tens of thousands of people come to watch; have people doing business early to set up stalls, some car came from the countryside for miles also, the little boy rode on his fathers neck, holding Tomatoes on sticks while eating. Eight oclock, the sky in the municipal building next to a blossoming fireworks display, wow! What a beautiful night sky! I saw the deep blue sky full of colorful fireworks, fireworks open as a ball, like snowflakes, like a ribbon with the meteor, the dark sky shine like day, the Lantern Festival night become very beautiful, I was fascinated by the.

A colorful fireworks in the sky, fireworks explode after a blossoming flowers falling down, and even some flowers with a shiny things, like a colorful meteor; some fireworks exploded after the double decker, went on to become the animal shape; some later began to explode like a meteor shower. Brush down; and as a gold color, the sky became the city of The brightness dazzles the eyes. are boiling...... The colorful lanterns were hung high in the air and sparkled. The beautiful lantern has added a beautiful color to it. How beautiful the night of the Lantern Festival is!

As peoples living standard is higher and higher, people pay more and more attention to the food problem, is the so-called: "the food to Ann first." The food is indispensable in our life, is also what we most closely contact, so food safety becomes our life can not be ignored in safety. Take the things around me.

Our school gate, there are a number of vendors. Business is booming every day. Vendors some ice cream, and some also sell some pigment water... The delicious food in broad daylight, there seems to be a hand is extended in those little available to the school, but who knows whether the food is unqualified, is it safe?

In fact, a large number of outside food health situation is not ideal, there are many widespread substandard health food. Experts pointed out that these problems and no relevant guarantee food, great effects on the health of primary and middle school students. Although school everyday in said food safety problems, the students are still not care.

Ive heard of one thing: one day, a classmate after school, feel very hungry, although the teacher talked about or buy junk food today. But he is not on the heart, with fifty cents to buy ice cream. When buy, he was a good ideological struggle, finally, stomach protested in "cuckoo" sound, he bought ice cream. His side to the gourmet taste with relish, and marched to the home. Unfortunately things finally happened. The very next day, he have loose bowels, not only themselves, parents also worry! This is not obedient disorderly buy snacks.

随着人们的生活水平越来越高，大家也越来越关注食品的这个问提，正所谓：“民以食为天，食以安为先。”这食物可是我们生活中必不可少的东西，也是我们接触最密切的东西，所以食品安全就成了我们生活中不可忽视的安全问题。就拿我身边的事情说吧。

我们学校门外，有不少的小摊小贩。每天生意总是兴隆。小贩们有的冰激凌，有的还卖有色素的水......那些光天化日下香喷喷的食物，似乎有一只手在向学校里那些小馋嘴伸去，可谁又知道这些食物是否合格，是否安全呢?

其实，大量校外食品都是卫生状况不理想，还有许多食物普遍存在卫生不达标的问题。有专家指出，这些存在问题且无相关保障食品，势必对中小学生身体健康造成很大影响。虽然学校天天都在说食品安全问题，可同学们仍毫不在乎。

我听说过一件事：有一天，一位同学放学后，感到很饿，虽老师今天讲过要不买垃圾食品。可他不放在心上，用五角钱买了冰激凌。在买时，他做了很大的思想斗争，最后，肚子在“咕咕”地叫声中提出了抗议，他买了冰激凌。他边津津有味地品尝着手中的美食，边大步流星地向家走去。可不幸的事最终还是发生了。就在第二天，他就拉肚子，不光自己难受，家长也担忧啊!这就是不听话乱买零食的下场。

Someone says: are you a silkworm, spit of the continuous filament and die. Someone says: you are the candle, to the best of the last drop of tears to illuminate the dark night sky; Someone said, you are the morning dew, often before dawn, moistens the land silently all things... You, is my respected teacher, non-existent.

Non-existent with tall, round face, with two arch eyebrows on his forehead, under the arch eyebrows with a pair of bright and sharp eyes, she has a plausible mouth, a smile, mouth petal meniscus as quiet.

Non-existent at ordinary times is very strict with our requirements. Each lesson learned to write the book of copying, will ask us to write the word is very good, to write bad words will never let go, until it is written. Words because some students in our class wrote too fast and some bad, non-existent will let them change to come over, we all have greatly improved.

Non-existent also care about us. Remember once, I was a bit uncomfortable, go to the clinic under temperature, amount of 37.5 degrees, non-existent just said to me: "if uncomfortable, he said to the teacher, the teacher will and parents said." Non-existent for we really care about.

Teacher, I salute you! Is that you get ignorant we into the space of knowledge, sowing love with you that like the sound of a song! Like a candle, burn yourself, you give we lit the fire of hope, with your persistent enthusiasm to guide us to open our science maze! Thank you, teacher!

有人说：你是春蚕，吐不尽那绵绵的细丝至死方休!有人说：你是蜡烛，洒尽最后一滴泪去照亮漆黑的夜空;还有人说：你是朝露，常在黎明到来之前，默默地滋润着大地万物……你，就是我敬爱的老师——汤老师。

汤老师长着高高的个子，圆圆的脸蛋，额上长着两道柳眉，柳眉下嵌着一双明亮而又锐利的眼睛，她还有一张能说会道的嘴巴，一笑起来，嘴瓣儿像恬静的弯月。

汤老师平时对我们的要求很严格。每次学完课写《习字册》的时候，都会要求我们把字写得非常端正，对写的不好的字决不放过，直到写好为止。班里有几个同学的字因为写得太快而有些不好，汤老师就会让他们改过来，使我们都有很大的提高。

汤老师还很关心我们。记得有一次，我有点不舒服，去医务室量了下温度，37.5度，汤老师就跟我说：“如果不舒服，就跟老师说，老师就会和家长说的。”汤老师对我们真的非常关心。

老师，我向您致敬!是您把懵懂的我们领进知识的太空，用您那如歌的声音把爱播种!您像蜡烛一样燃烧了自己，给我们点燃希望的火种，用您那执著热情指引我们打开科学的迷宫!谢谢您，老师!

Look,this is my family .Its a small family .There are three people in my family,they are my father my mother and I.

My father is a engineer,he likes playing football and reading news paper.

My mother is a college teacher.She likes playing computer games and watching TV.She likes eating apples and pears.

Im a student in

a middle school.I am 13.I like playing tabletennis and reading books.I like eating ice-cream.My favourite colour is pink.

I have a dog. Its name is Mary.It is very lovely.I like it.

I have a very happy family.

In this section, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay commenting on the saying “Never go out there to see what happens, go out there to make things happen.” You can cite examples to ilustrate the importance of being participants rather than mere onlookers in life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Dear friend,

My name is Wang Lin . Now I live in Hangzhou , China. I want to find a pen pal in England. I’m now 14 years old . I speak Chinese .And I can speak a little English. I like sports ,swimming is my favorite . I also like playing the computer games . My favorite subject in school is math. I like to

go to movies with my friends. My favorite movie is Beauty and Beast . Now I live with my parents .

Can you write to me soon ?

Wang Lin

[初中初一英语介绍自己的作文

Everybody knows drinking a little is good to health, but excessive drinking is bad. Those who drink too much may not live long. Excessive drinking may cause many diseases, such as high blood pressure and heart attack. Drinking too much can also result in a series of family problems and social problems, such as the break up of a family and social crimes.

If everyone can keep control over drinking, we can enjoy a more peaceful social environment.

[Excessive Drinking初一英语作文

Today is the Dragon Boat Festival in the 5th day of the fifth month of the Chinese lunar calendar. Every year, aunt will pack lots of delicious food. Sweet sweet jujube dumplings for us, especially my mother and I like it best. You can also eat with your elders and sisters at your grandmothers house, and enjoy the Dragon Boat Festival, but this year, it is not so lively. Uncle and aunt went out to earn money. Uncle went out with his sister. There were only three family members and grandparents. It looks very cold.

Early this morning, I have the mother will give me to eat dumplings package dates, who knows but mother was busy with housework. At noon, dad cooked a good meal and cooked food, called grandpa and grandma to come to dinner, but not a bit of a cheerful atmosphere. In the afternoon, in order not to let the festival have a little meaning, my mother and I went out for a stroll with my grandmother. We went to the market, but did not see the shadow of half of the dumplings, to buy dumplings but no jujube. I was disappointed. My mother comforted me and said, "next time you see the decision to sell the zongzi, you can eat it." Its a little better to hear that. Mom visited the clothing store and took us to the home supermarket, and bought some delicious food on the way. From the supermarket out, we have been fruitful.

Back home, I wanted my uncle and aunt, and my four year old sister, so I went online to chat with them, and the little aunt laughed and told me that a lot of jujube zongzi was given to me at the Dragon Boat Festival next year, so I could eat enough. Though we have not been together for Dragon Boat Festival this year, we can also enjoy seeing them online. Uncle and aunt also have an appointment with me. Next year, Dragon Boat Festival will definitely come back for the holidays.

Look this is my English teacher .Hes tall and fat .Hes very fanny !

He has two small eyes ,and a big mouth.I tell you, he looks like a big bear.

So,If I meet him I often said :Hello,Mr bear .And he said :Hell ,small bear.Because my classmates think I look like a bear too.

My English teacher works very hard .And he often tell us :You must

very hard to leron English .

I like my English

teacher very mueh!!!!

Welcome to meet my English!!!!

I have a very good English teacher.My classmates and I all like her very much.She is very friendly to us.We all like to have English classes very much.

She is tall and beautiful.She looks like a middle school student.She has big eyes,a small nose,a small mouth and long black trousers.

Her name is Wang Yanjun.We often call her Miss Wang.She teaches English very well.In class ,she looks like our elder sister .She often helps us to solve problems.After class,she looks like our friend.We often play games together.

This is my English teacher.I love her and I love to study English,too.I believe my English will be better and better.

我有一个很好的英语老师。我和我的同学们都非常喜欢她。她对我们很友好。我们都很喜欢上英语课。

她又高又漂亮。她看起来像一个中学的学生。她有大眼睛,小鼻子,小嘴巴和长黑裤子。

她的名字叫王宿州农村。我们通常叫她王老师。她教英语很好。在课堂上,她看起来像我们的姐姐。她经常帮助我们解决问题。下课后,她看起来像我们的朋友。我们经常在一起玩游戏。

这是我的英语老师。我爱她,我爱学英语,太。我相信我的英语会越来越好。

January 28 2010 it was the third day of our winter holiday. today， there are many business in my mother‘s company. so my mother told me to help my uncle who is the manager of my mother’s company. i sat in my mother‘s office and help her answer the telephone. while i was free， i was writing my homework. although i also have a lot of time to do my homework， i still do it. because in my mother’s office， i had nothing to do. if i did nothing， i was wasting my time and my life. i can‘t do the foolish thing. we should take good use of our time.

Pressure seems to be a natural part in our daily life in this competitive

society. Like it or not there is always pressure of one kind or another. And it

seems there is hardly any way to avoid it or get rid of it. Moreover, as the

pace of modern life continues to quicken, pressure seems to be on the increase

all the time.

Different people have different ideas about pressure. Some hold that

pressure is something very vicious. If there is too much of it, it will lead to

the decline of ones physical and mental health. So they are always complaining

about it or trying to flee from it. They think, only relaxation, the opposite of

pressure, is what we should desire. On the other hand, others argue that

pressure is not as bad as is often thought. In fact a certain amount of pressure

is essential to provide motivation and meaning to our life. It is pressure that

propels our progress and contributes to our success.

Personally, Im in favor of the latter idea. I believe that a little

pressure is certainly an important incentive in life. It is only when the

pressure gets out of control can it lead to poor performance and bad health.

Since it is impossible to avoid pressure, certainly there is no sense trying to

do so or complaining about it.

Many years ago, I saw the movie Harry Porter and I was so impressed by it. The magical world was so wonderful that I wanted to live there. My thoughts were so active that I always dreamed about myself walking in the magical world and taking the risk. So I decided to write down the things I dreamed about and then made these become a book. This is my little dream, when the book is finished, I want to read them to my friends and my brother. Now I have written down a few pages, I continue to write every day. I get great motivation to finish my little dream. I imagine how happy I will be when I finish the book, so I keep writing it when I have the thoughts. I am so proud of myself for I never giving up to finish my dream.

I have many favorite holiday, such as: the Dragon Boat Festival and the double ninth festival, but I most like the needlework. Because the needlework section is by niulang and zhinv, below I will speak to you of the origin of the needlework section.

Met a sick one day, the cowherds workhorse, cowherd saw it was ill, and was taken care of.

One day, met a group of vega cowherd, and fell in love with the one of the female, the vega also like cowboy, they lived a happy life. This thing is know the heavenly queen, and catch the vega on the day.

After women talked: "when I die, I made a pair of leather shoes, you can walking." The old cow died, cowherd took the old cow leather to make shoes, find vega flew to heaven, but was head of the heavenly queen hair clasp into the Milky Way of blocking the way. Cowboy on the other side has kept many days, finally, was touched by the heavenly queen so heavenly queen in July 7th this one day, only to meet niulang and zhinv. Vega ingenuity, women are begging for blessing themselves can also ingenuity.

This is the origin of the needlework section.

我有许多喜欢的节日，比如：端午节、重阳节，但我最喜欢乞巧节。因为乞巧节是由牛郎和织女而来的，下面我就来给你讲一讲乞巧节的由来吧。

有一天，牛郎碰见一头生病的老黄牛，牛郎见它生病了，就悉心照料。

有一天，牛郎碰见一群织女，并喜欢上了其中一个织女，那个织女也很喜欢牛郎，他们过上了幸福的生活。这事被王母娘娘知道了，又把织女抓上了天。

老牛说话了：“等我死了以后，把我的皮做成一双鞋，你就可以腾云驾雾了。”老牛死了以后，牛郎把老牛的皮做成了鞋，飞上了天去找织女，可是却被王母娘娘头上的簪子变成的银河挡住了去路。牛郎在对面守了许多天，最后王母娘娘也被感动了，所以王母娘娘只在七月七日这一天，让牛郎和织女见面。织女心灵手巧，女人都乞福自己也能心灵手巧。

这就是乞巧节的来历。

People always say that love from father is as strong as the mountain, which

gives us the great strength to move on. In Chinese traditional role, father is

described to be a quiet man but the way he loves you can be seen all the time,

while love from western father are much obvious. There always hug and kiss

between children and parents. My father is a classic quiet father. He doesnt

talk much, but he will never miss any moment that is important for me. When I

have performance in school, he must be one of the audience, no matter how busy

he is. Before I sleep, he will help me check on my homework. I love my

father.

Love is a stranger a hand; Love is the teacher sets a white hairs in the homework; Love is the mother of a move, let you feel the warm.

A little boy, I hate my mom, but since that time, I understand the mothers love.

On one occasion, I was just about to do the homework, but found that I lost my homework, Im afraid I carelessly, didnt see it, just opened the bag, take out your book all, one by one to find, but not yet, my heart suddenly tense up, thought: without the book I cant do the homework, tomorrow, but how to account with the teacher! True when I worry, mom came back, I just want to let my mother to help me get to the school, but have to see mother look very embarrassing, appear very tired, very worry, dont let mother go, cant replacement tomorrow, let mother go, mom look very tired today, should have a good rest at home. When my mother found my exception, a little angrily said: "what are you doing! Dont do your homework?" I speak hesitatingly ground to say: "my homework...... in the school, cant... help me to get?" After mother, drop a words: "I cant help you any more, let you suffer, next time do not!" I reluctantly went back to the room and felt very upset, and in the end I had to do other homework well first, after a while, I heard a door shutting, also didnt care.

The next morning, I was bedding bag, found that fall in the school yesterday book appear in the table above, feel very strange, suddenly recalled that door shutting in the brain, ask mother, mother said: "I cant help you with, it must be you didnt see!" But I think mother lying, ask grandma, grandma, mother to help me to get in the rain at night, my heart was warm, head emerge with a tired mother help me to take his umbrella rain notebook.

At this point, the warmth welled up in my mind.

爱是陌生人的一把搀扶;爱是作业本里老师落下的一根白发;爱是母亲的一个举动，让你体会到温暖。

小的时候，我讨厌我的妈妈，但从那次以后，我懂得了妈妈的爱。

有一次，我正准备做作业，可是发现我的作业本不见了，我怕是我粗心，没看见，就翻开书包，把本子全都拿出来，一本一本的找，可还没有，我的心一下子紧张了起来，心想：没有了本子我就没法做作业了，明天可怎么跟老师交代呀!真当我犯愁的时候，妈妈回来了，我就想让妈妈帮我到学校拿一下，可有看妈妈脸色很难堪，显得十分疲倦，就很忧虑：不让妈妈去吧，明天没法交代，让妈妈去吧，妈妈今天看起来很累，应该在家好好休息。就在这时妈妈发现了我的异常，有点生气地说：“你在干嘛呀!不好好做作业?”我吞吞吐吐地说：“我的……作业本……在学校里，能不能……帮我去拿一下呀?”妈妈听后，丢下一句话：“我可不会再帮你了，让你吃吃苦头，下次就不会这样了!”我无可奈何地回到了房间，心里忐忑不安，最后我只好先把其他的作业做好，过了一会儿，我听到了一声关门声，也没怎么在意。

第二天早上，我正在理书包的时候，发现昨天落在学校里的本子出现在桌子上面，感到很奇怪，突然脑子里回想起那关门声，就去问妈妈，妈妈说：“我可没帮你拿，准是你自己没看到!”可我觉得妈妈在撒谎，就去问奶奶，奶奶说是妈妈晚上冒雨帮我去拿的，我的心一阵温暖，脑袋里浮现着劳累了一天的妈妈打着伞冒着大雨帮我拿本子的情形。

此时，阵阵暖意涌上我的心头。