美国历史作文【汇总6篇】

美国早期的富豪，多半靠机遇成功，唯有约翰·洛克菲勒例外。他并非多才多艺，但异常冷静、精明，富有远见，凭借自己独有的魄力和手段，白手起家，一步一步地建立起他那庞大的石油帝国。在他漫长的一生中，人们对他毁誉参半，有人认为他只不过是极具野心、唯利是图的企业家，也有人恭维他是个慷慨的慈善家。但不管怎样，作为美国历史上第一个十亿富翁，作为石油巨子，他在相当一段时期控制着全美国的石油资源，并创设了托拉斯企业制度，在美国资本主义经济发展史上占有重要的一席之地。

1839年7月8日，约翰·洛克菲勒出生于纽约州哈得逊河畔的一个名叫杨佳的小镇。他的父母，个性截然不同：母亲是个一言一行都皈依《圣经》的虔诚的基督教徒，她勤快、节俭、朴实，家教严格;而父亲却是个讲究实际的花花公子，他自信、好冒险，善交际，任性而又以自我为中心。洛克菲勒作为长子，他从父亲那里学会了讲求实际的经商之道，又从母亲那里学到了精细、节俭、守信用、一丝不苟的长处，这对他日后的成功产生了莫大的影响。

父亲名叫威廉，人称“大个子比尔”，是个到处闯荡的木材商、马贩子，也是个走江湖的巫医，兜售所谓“立见奇效，包治百病”的灵丹妙药。此外，他还出卖土地，买卖毛皮，贩盐，推销杂货，几乎是无事不干的百事通。

父亲出外经商，一去就是几个月，家中对孩子们的教育主要由母亲承担。但偶尔归家的父亲也与母亲一样望子成龙，一有空就教约翰如何写商业书信，如何准确而迅速地付款，以及如何清晰地记账。他深知社会的现实和世道的冷酷，所以他常采用一些特殊的方式教育孩子，使他们在踏入社会之前就能坚强而且精明起来。

比尔很注意在游戏中创造机会启发约翰和他的弟弟，以培养他们预防不测的意识。当约翰还是个孩童时，父亲常常让小约翰从高椅子上纵身跳入自己怀抱。有一次父亲没有用双臂接他，他就重重地摔在地上。父亲严肃地对他说：“要记住，决不要完全信任任何人。哪怕是最亲密的人，也千万不要轻信!”这件事给约翰留下深刻的印象，以致于在日后的生意场上，他始终保持冷静、警觉的头脑，从而避免了多次失误。

然而，约翰对父亲血液里流淌的东西并没有全盘接受，他完全没有父亲那种花花公子的秉性，而是继承了母亲勤俭的美德。他把这种信念视为“商业训练”，一生中烙守“不俭则匮”的准则;从中他还引申出自己的结论：“只有数字作数。”

约翰·洛克菲勒14岁那年，在克利夫兰中心中学上学。放学后，他常到码头上闲逛，看商人做买卖。有一天，他遇到一个同学，两人边走边聊起来。那个同学问：“约翰，你长大后想干什么?”年轻的洛克菲勒毫不迟疑地说：“我要成为一个有10万美元的人，我准会成功的。”谁曾料到，几十年后，这个蜚声国内外的石油大王，其拥有的财富达10亿美元，是他童年梦想的10万倍!

约翰·洛克菲勒1855年中学毕业后，便决定放弃升大学，到商界谋生。为了寻找工作，他在克利夫兰的街上跑了几个星期，拿定主意要找一个前程远大的职业。他的眼界颇高。他后来回忆道：“我上铁路公司、上银行、上批发商那儿去找工作，小铺小店我是不去的。我可是要干大事的。”

当年9月26日，他在一家经营谷物的商行当上了会计办事员。从此，这个日子就成了他个人日历中的喜庆纪念日，他把它作为第二个生日来庆祝。“就在那儿，我开始了学做生意的生涯，每周工资是4美元。”他追忆道。

他工作勤勤恳恳，不久就养成了对数字的好眼光。他除了记好账外，还为商行的经营出主意。有一次，商行买入一批大理石，打开包装后竟发现高价购进的大理石材上有瑕疵，商行老板沮丧而又无计可施。这时，头脑灵活的洛克菲勒建议把责任推到负责运货的3家运输公司头上，向这3家公司分别提出赔偿损失的要求。这个绝妙的主意使商行得到的赔款比原来高出两倍，商行由此得到一笔“飞”来的横财。洛克菲勒这种天生的经商才能颇得老板赏识，很快给他提了薪，工作第一年他挣得了300美元。

第三年他的年薪提到600美元。但他知道自己对这家商行的贡献远不止此，因此要求加薪到800美元，结果遭到拒绝。洛克菲勒断然决定离开这家商行，自闯天下。

1858年，年仅19岁的洛克菲勒向父亲借款1000美元，加上自己积蓄的800美元，与比他大10岁的克拉克合股创办了一家经营谷物和肉类的公司。这是洛克菲勒生平所办第一家公司。由于经营顺利，第一年就做了4.5万美元的生意，净赚4000美元。第二年年底净赚1.2万美元，洛克菲勒分得6000美元。

洛克菲勒做生意时总是信心十足、雄心勃勃;同时又言而有信，想方设法使自己取信于人。克拉克对洛克菲勒做事仔细十分欣赏，他描述当年的情况说：“他有条不紊到极点，留心细节，不差分毫。如果有一分钱该给我们，他必取来。如果少给客户一分钱，他也要客户拿走。”

这时候在美国宾夕法尼亚州已经发现了石油，成千上万人像当初采金热潮一样拥向采油区。一时间，宾夕法尼亚土地上井架林立，原油产量飞速上升。

克利夫兰的商人们对这一新行当也怦然心动，他们推选年轻有为的经纪商洛克菲勒去宾州原油产地亲自调查一下，以便获得直接而可靠的信息。

经过几日的长途跋涉，洛克菲勒来到产油地，眼前的一切令他触目惊心：到处是高耸的井架、凌乱简陋的小木屋、怪模怪样的挖井设备和储油罐，一片乌烟瘴气，混乱不堪。这种状况令洛克菲勒多少有些沮丧，透过表面的“繁荣”景象，他看到了盲目开采背后潜在的危机。

冷静的洛克菲勒没有急于回去向克利夫兰的商界汇报调查结果，而是在产油地的美利坚饭店住了下来，进一步作实地考察。他每天都看报纸上的市场行情，静静地倾听焦躁而又喋喋不休的石油商人的叙述，认真地作详细的笔记。而他自己则惜字如金，绝不透露什么想法。

世间最坚强的东西是什么？是血肉之躯里深藏着的意志。摆在面前的有这样一个人的履历：他，21岁时做生意失败；22岁时，角逐州议员落选；24岁时，做生意再次失败；26岁时，爱侣去世；27岁时，一度精神崩溃，曾想到自杀；34岁时，角逐联邦众议员落选；36岁时，角逐联邦众议员再度落选；45岁时，角逐联邦参议员落选；47岁时，提名副总统落选；49岁时，角逐联邦参议员再一次落选；52岁时，当选为美国第16届总统。这个人，就是阿伯拉罕·林肯--美国历史上最伟大的总统之一。

the ways of history are so intricate and the motivations of human actions so complex that it is always hazardous to attempt to represent events covering a number of years, a multiplicity of persons, and distant localities as the expression of one intellectual or social movement; yet the historical process which culminated in the ascent of thomas jefferson to the presidency can be regarded as the outstanding example not only of the birth of a new way of life but of nationalism as a new way of life.

the american revolution represents the link between the seventeenth century, in which modern england became conscious of itself, and the awakening of modern europe at the end of the eighteenth century. it may seem strange that the march of history should have had to cross the atlantic ocean, but only in the north american colonies could a struggle for civic liberty lead also to the foundation of a new nation.

here, in the popular rising against a "tyrannical" government, the fruits were more than the securing of a freer constitution. they included the growth of a nation born in liberty by the will of the people, not from the roots of common descent, a geographic entity, or the ambitions of king or dynasty.

with the american nation, for the first time, a nation was born, not in the dim past of history but before the eyes of the whole world.

[美国革命的历史意义英语作文

华盛顿自然历史博物馆，是世界上规模最大的自然历史博物馆之一，是世界上最大的博物馆体系史密森尼博物馆所属的十六所博物馆之一。下车了，我带着满心的好奇心，恨不得立刻就冲进博物馆。

然后我迫不及待地进了博物馆，只见一个以古典风格设计的圆形大厅，大厅中央，是一个大象标本。这个大象栩栩如生的，看起来与活的大象没有区别，只是不会动。我们到处游游逛逛，看到了许许多多标本。有一个水母标本，红红的，约有三米高，红红的“伞”，红红的“须”，非常漂亮!还有一只海鸟，它的翅膀长得不得了，是一条优美的弧线，让人担心，它的翅膀会不会折断。还有许许多多远古时代的海底生物骨骼化石。

更有趣的是：很多博物馆都在每个地方写“禁止触碰”，可是我们走到了一个地方有许多展品没有摆在玻璃陈列柜里，旁边还有一块牌子，我还以为是叫人们：“不要碰!”的呢，没想到仔细一看：呀!上面写着：“Pleasetouch”(请触碰)我惊讶了!还以为是看错了，没想到我反反复复读了5遍，啊!还真的是让我们触摸，了解这种海螺的呢!我便“touch”了一下，它的表面很粗糙，纹理不怎么清晰，但很坚硬。时间过得很快!我们还没有参观那个叫“希望”的钻石呢!于是我们狂奔上2楼，只见这时一个硕大的钻石，有人的半个耳朵那么长、宽。又厚又大，在灯下，闪闪发光，璀璨夺目，无比迷人。展示台旋转着，让周围围得水泄不通的“人墙”中的每一个人，都能从正面欣赏它。这粒钻石有45.5克拉重，它是该是博物馆的镇馆之宝。

在它被捐进这所博物馆之前，他会给每个拥有它的人带来灾难。不是家破人亡，就是各种不好的事发生。因为这样，它的最后一个买主就把它捐给了博物馆。

要回去了，我告别博物馆前的树木化石，告别这美丽的博物馆…

"America， to endure， must change…… Change to preserve Americas ideals—— life， liberty， the pursu

"america， to endure， must change……

change to preserve americas ideals—— life， liberty， the pursuit of happiness. though we march to the music of our time，our mission is timeless."

—— president bill clinton， 1993

a society in transition

shifts in the structure of american society， begun years or even decades earlier， had become apparent by the time the 1980s arrived. the composition of the population and the most important jobs and skills in american society had undergone major changes.

the dominance of service jobs in the economy became undeniable. by the mid-1980s， capping a trend under way for more than half a century， three-fourths of all employees worked in the service sector —— for instance， as retail clerks， office workers， teachers， physicians and other health care professionals， government employees， lawyers， and legal and financial specialists.

service-sector activity benefited from the availability and increased use of the computer. this was the information age， with hardware and software that could aggregate previously unimagined amounts of data about economic and social trends. the federal government had made significant investments in computer technology in the 1950s and 1960s as part of its military and space programs. in the late 1970s， two young california entrepreneurs， working out of a garage， assembled the first widely marketed computer for home use， named it the apple —— and ignited a

revolution. by the early 1980s， millions of microcomputers had found their way into u.s. businesses and homes， and in 1982， time magazine dubbed the computer its "machine of the year."

meanwhile， americas "smokestack industries，" such as steel and textiles， were in decline. the u.s. automobile industry reeled under competition from such highly efficient japanese car makers as toyota， honda and nissan —— many of which opened their own factories in the united states. by 1980 japanese automobile manufacturers controlled a quarter of the american market. only by the late 1980s and early 1990s did u.s. manufacturers begin to match the

cost efficiencies and engineering standards of their japanese rivals， and start winning back the share of the domestic car market they had ceded to imports over the previous two decades. although consumers were the beneficiaries of this ferocious competition —— and in other highly competitive industries， as well， such as computers —— the painful struggle to cut costs meant the permanent loss of thousands of jobs in the u.s. auto industry.

population patterns shifted as well. after the end of the postwar "baby boom，" which lasted from approximately 1946 to 1964， the overall rate of population growth declined and the population grew older. household composition also changed. in 1980 the percentage of family households dropped; a quarter of all groups were now classified as "nonfamily households，" in which two or more uelated persons lived together.

new immigrants changed the character of american society in other ways. the 1965 reform in immigration policy shifted the focus away from western europe， and the number of new arrivals from asia and latin america increased

dramatically. vietnamese refugees， for example， poured into the united states in the aftermath of the war. in 1980， 808，000 immigrants arrived， the highest number in 60 years， as the country once more became a haven for people from around the world......

Franklin is the Founding Father who is seen as the master of home-spun(朴素的) practical wisdom. Of humble origins, Franklin began as a printer and writer (the author of Poor Richards Almanack), then became an inventor and scientist, and concluded his long career as the consummate(完美的) diplomat. He played a key behind-the-scenes role at the conventions that led to the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

富兰克林是美国开国元勋，被誉为朴素、务实的智慧大师。他出身贫寒，最初从事印刷和写作(《穷人理查德年鉴》一书的作者)，后成为发明家和科学家，最后作为杰出的外交家结束了漫长的职业生涯。他从幕后为各种重要会议发挥了关键作用，最后导致《独立宣言》和《美国宪法》的诞生。

George Washington (1732-99)

The first president of the United States and the American commander in chief during the War of Independence from Great Britain, Washington is often called the "Father of His Country." Originally a gentleman farmer from Virginia, Washington showed great leadership qualities as a soldier. Highly popular with the American public, he was eulogized by a member of Congress as "first in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen."

乔治?华盛顿(George Washington, 1732-1799)

华盛顿是美国第一任总统，在摆脱英国统治的独立战争(War of Independence)时期担任总司令，常被尊称为“国父”。他原是弗吉尼亚州(Virginia)一位从事农业的乡绅，后成为一名军人，表现出非凡的领导能力。他在美国公众中享有崇高的声望，一位国会议员曾赞颂他

是“英勇作战第一人，争取和平第一人、國人心中第一人”。

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. "We hold these truths to be self-evident," he wrote, "that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness." Jefferson, who was later elected the third president of the United States, also wrote the state of Virginias law establishing religious freedom and founded the University of Virginia. 托马斯?杰佛逊(Thomas Jefferson, 1743-1826)

杰佛逊是1776年《独立宣言》主要起草人。他写道：“我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的 : 人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。”杰佛逊后来当选美国第三任总统。他还起草了弗吉尼亚州保障宗教自由的法律，并创办了弗吉尼亚大学(University of Virginia)。

Sacagawea (ca. 1786-1812)

A young woman of the Lemhi Indians in present-day Idaho, Sacagawea helped the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1804-06 explore vast newly acquired lands in the American West. Sacagawea, who spoke several Indian dialects, served as a guide and interpreter to various Native American tribes during this peaceful expedition. When the expedition encountered the Lemhi band, she arranged for the Lemhi to provide the horses, provisions, and shelter that made the journey to the

Pacific Ocean possible. One of Sacagaweas descendants, Willow Jack, is pictured in authentic costume.

莎卡嘉薇亚(Sacagawea, 1786-1812)

莎卡嘉薇亚是印第安人莱姆哈伊(Lemhi)部族的成员，该地现属爱达荷州(Idaho)。她在1804年至1806年间帮助刘易斯(Lewis)和克拉克(Clark)远征队在美国刚获得的西部广袤土地上探险。莎卡嘉薇亚通晓好几种印第安人的方言，为这项和平探险任务担任向导并充当译员，与各种各样的印第安人部族进行沟通。在探险队遇到莱姆哈伊部族时，该部族经过她的安排为他们前往太平洋沿岸的旅途提供了必需的马匹、粮草和住所。图中身穿正统印第安人服装的威洛?杰克(Willow Jack)是莎卡嘉薇亚的后裔。

Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)

President during the American Civil War, 1861-65, Lincoln is revered for having kept the Union together and freeing the slaves. A legislator from Illinois, Lincoln won the Republican nomination for president and was elected on an anti-slavery platform in 1860. As a result, 11 southern states seceded and war began. In the Gettysburg Address, he stated his resolve “that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

亚伯拉罕?林肯(Abraham Lincoln, 1809-1865)

林肯在1861年至1865年美国南北战争时期担任美国总统，他因维护美国统一和解放黑奴而广受尊崇。林肯原是伊利诺伊州(Illinois)联邦议员，后获共和党提名为总统候选人，1860年以反对奴隶制的政纲当选总统。此后，南方11个州脱离联邦，引发美国内战。林肯发表的葛底斯堡演说(Gettysburg Address)表示，决心“使民有、民治、民享的政府与世长存”。

Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906)

Appalled that the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1870) guaranteed the right to vote to newly freed slaves but not to women, Susan B. Anthony led a group of women to the polls in Rochester, New York. She was arrested several times for trying to vote, and later organized the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. She died in 1906, having paved the way for the ratification of the 19th Amendment, which granted American women the right to vote in 1920. 蘇珊?安東尼(Susan B. Anthony, 1820-1906)

蘇珊?安東尼对1870年美国宪法第15条修正案表示极为不满，因为该修正案只保障新获得解放的奴隶有选举权，但不给妇女同样的权利。她带领一群妇女去纽约州罗切斯特(Rochester, New York)投票站表达抗议。她因试图投票参加选举多次被捕，后来组织了国际妇女选举权同盟(International Woman Suffrage Alliance)。她于1906年逝世，但她为1920年保障妇女选举权的第19条宪法修正案获得通过创造了条件。

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

The foremost physicist of the 20th century, Albert Einstein developed the theory of relativity, which overturned previous ideas on the nature of the physical universe. Born in 1879 in Germany, he developed his important ideas as a young man. In 1933, Einstein took a position with the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, New Jersey, and became an American citizen in 1940." His ideas would prove instrumental in developing the atomic bomb during World War II. 阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦(Albert Einstein, 1879-1955)

爱因斯坦是20世纪久负盛名的物理学家。他创立了相对论(theory of relativity)，推翻了关于宇宙本质的旧观念。他1879年生于德国，很年轻时就提出了许多重要观点，1933年，他到新泽西州普林斯顿(Princeton, New Jersey)的高等研究院(Institute for Advanced Studies)任职， 1940年成为美国公民。他的学术思想对于美国在第二次世界大战(World War II)期间发明原子弹发挥了关键作用。

富兰克林?戴莱诺?罗斯福(Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1882-1945)

罗斯福以其乐观的精神和政治智慧帮助美国渡过了南北战争(the Civil War)以来最艰难的时期：大萧条(the Great Depression)和第二次世界大战(World War II)。他于1933年就任总统，执政长达12年。在此期间，美国经济得到恢复，轴心国军队(the Axis forces)被打败。罗斯福是贫苦民众心目中的英雄，但众多工商界人士并不认同他在“新政” (New Deal)时期实施的经济和社会改革。

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945)

Franklin D. Roosevelts optimism and political savvy helped carry the United States though its greatest domestic crisis since the Civil War: the hard times of the Great Depression and World War II. He assumed the presidency in 1933 and—during his 12 years at the helm—saw his country recover economically and triumph over the Axis forces. FDR was a hero to the poor, but many businessmen did not favor his economic and social reforms, called the New Deal.

约翰?菲茨杰拉德?肯尼迪(

John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 1917-1963)

肯尼迪具有卓越的领导才能，建立了众多的业绩，风度优雅，充满智慧和魅力，人们经常怀着感念的心情回忆他担任美国总统的三年时光。在德克萨斯州达拉斯(Dallas, Texas)，刺客的一颗子弹夺走了他的生命，但是他激励了千百万人民。1962年，他以坚定的意志抗击来古巴的苏联导弹威胁，以后又与苏联进行合作，缓和了核军备竞赛。他还创立了争取进步联盟(Alliance for Progress)及和平队(Peace Corps)。

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963)

People everywhere look back nostalgically to JFKs three years as president of the United States because of his leadership, his accomplishments, and his grace, wit, and charisma. He inspired millions before he was killed by an assassins bullet in Dallas, Texas. Although not afraid to stand