0

初中毕业英语作文及翻译(精彩20篇)

面对挫折,我们不该畏惧,要想方设法去解决,这样我们才能打败挫折。今天小编就来分享初中毕业英语作文及翻译,请各位读者好好欣赏和借鉴。

浏览

8755

作文

1000

篇1:春节英语作文带翻译

全文共 1273 字

+ 加入清单

Last years Spring Festival is special. My uncle and my aunt came back from

Shanghai. My family were very happy to spend the Spring Festival with them. And

it was the most exciting festival of all the festivals.

On New Years Eve,my father and my uncle talked about their work together.

My mum did some cooking with my aunt. Grandparents and I watched the New Year TV

programmes. At about six o’clock, we had a special family dinner. We all thought

the dumplings were delicious.

On the first day of the New Year, we visited our relatives. In the

afternoon,we went shopping in Jiefang Road. My uncle bought some Jays CDs. He

likes Jay’s music very much. There were so many people on the road. It was more

alive than any other time of a year.

On the second and the third days,we spent a wonderful weekend in the

country. There were much bigger trees than in the city. And the animals were

more beautiful than in the city. We all enjoyed ourselves.

I had an interesting Spring Festival. How about you?

我的春节

去年的春节是特别的。我的叔叔和我的阿姨从上海回来。我的家人都很高兴与他们共度春节。,这是最令人兴奋的节日的节日。

在新年前夕,我父亲和我叔叔一起谈论他们的`工作。我妈妈和我阿姨做了一些烹饪。祖父母和我看到新年的电视节目。大约6点钟,我们有一个特殊的家庭聚餐。我们都认为饺子是美味的。

在新年的第一天,我们参观了我们的亲戚。在下午,我们去购物在解放路。我叔叔买了一些周杰伦的cd。他非常喜欢周杰伦的音乐。有那么多人在路上。这是活着比其他任何一年的时间。

在第二和第三天,我们在乡下度过了愉快的周末。有更大的树比城市。和动物比在城市更美丽。我们都玩得很开心。

我有一个有趣的春节。你呢?

展开阅读全文

篇2:英语日记带翻译

全文共 1492 字

+ 加入清单

tknown before. I gain some knowledge about animal life, such as, different

lives of various kinds of animals, the relationship between people and nature,

people and animal, and the importance of animal protection. I want to say that

animals are part of nature as we are. They can not be separated from the humans.

We must keep nature in balance. Please give your love to animals. Stop killing

them.

scourage and stamina. He lost his gold medal because of his illness. As

soon as he regretfully put down his gun, he fell unconscious and was earried

away on a stretcher. Mo Huilen also lost her gold medal painfully. The young

girl was not satisfied with a silver and braved for the gold at the risk of

losing it. She showed the true spirit of sportsmanship. I sing in praise of them

even if they lose. In my opinion we should praetice what we preach and stick to

the Olympic creed that the most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to

win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the

triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to

have fought wen.

slove animals. Never do any harm to them.

以前就知道了。我对动物生活有了一些了解,比如,各种动物的不同生活方式,人与自然的关系,人与动物的关系,以及保护动物的重要性。我想说的是,动物和我们一样都是自然的一部分。它们离不开人类。我们必须保持自然的平衡。请把你的爱献给动物。别杀了他们。

勇气和毅力。他因病失去了金牌。他一遗憾地放下枪,就不省人事,被担架抬走了。莫慧琳也痛失金牌。这个年轻的女孩对一枚银币不满意,冒着丢失的危险去抢金子。她表现出真正的体育精神。即使他们输了,我也要赞美他们。在我看来,我们应该践行我们所宣扬的,并坚持奥林匹克信条:奥林匹克运动会最重要的不是胜利而是参与,正如生命中最重要的不是胜利而是斗争。最重要的不是征服了,而是战胜了_。

爱动物。不要伤害他们。

★高中英语日记100字★

★初中英语日记范文★

★小学英语日记带翻译

★儿童节英语日记★

展开阅读全文

篇3:毕业后的选择英语

全文共 1447 字

+ 加入清单

Should students go on further study or find a job after leaving high school?

Time spent in campus is not always treated with gracious look, but some parents may choose other ways for the longevity of their childrens post-high-school period, namely, find the adolescents a job, rather than sending them to a college. I can find myself against this act for a thousand reasons, amongst which we can figure some strongest ones as follows:

My first con against this behavior is that education is not just a benefit but also ones rights. Without education , as Gorge Orwell had once said ,is to be deprived of the most precious privilege in our time as a modern man. With college education , youngsters can choose a better way of doing thing correctly and more efficiently. The sharp contrast between those who have received well education and those without is not just financially, but more vitally, spiritually.

Admittedly, we can find cases of some one achieves without college education, but these cases are famous only because they are rare. Those people who succeed with a college degree are so many that this would seem to be a must and a natural part of elites. The absence of university education is hard to imagine in our days. The prospect of those juvenile workers or businessmen would be even dimmer than ever before .For in our age, knowledge is not only the power, but also the know-how to solving problems and gaining a much larger fortune.

展开阅读全文

篇4:初中英语作文-我的朋友-Myfriend

全文共 406 字

+ 加入清单

初中英语作文:我的朋友-My friend

I have many friends. One of them is my classmate Ma Hua.He is a League member and one of the best students in my class.He is fond of English and good at it. He often practises reading aloud. So he has a good pronunciation.He is always ready to help others. With his help I have made GREat proGREss. I have made up my mind to catch up with him and to join the League in the near future.

展开阅读全文

篇5:英语日记带翻译

全文共 1017 字

+ 加入清单

Today was sunny and i was in a good mood.Tired of studying and a bustle of

city life,I came to ecology park to enjoy the gorgeous scenery and get relaxed

in the afternoon。

when I arrived at the park ,the first thing came into my sight were the

thick green trees,therefore,the air was fresh,in addition, i could clearly see a

path skirting along the pond。laying on the lawn which was decorated by a various

of followers and seeing the blue sky,I felt at ease because all I wanted was

some peace and quiet。All thing formed a beautiful landscape, and you couldnt

imagine how romantic they were!

However,with the time passing so quickly,The day(不是sun) was dying in the

west. So i had to go back home! I would never forget such a memorable

experience, which was really beyond description!

今天阳光普照,我的心情也很好,厌倦了学习和城市的繁忙景象,我在下午来到了生态公园去享着美丽的风景,来得到放松。

当我来到公园时,首先进入我视线是浓绿的树木,因此,这空气新鲜,除此之外,我可以清楚地看到沿池塘边蜿蜒的小路。躺在有各种花儿点缀的草坪上,看着蓝色的天空,我感到十分惬意,因为我想要的就是是一些和平和宁静,所有的一切都形成了一道亮丽的风景线,你无法想象他们是多么浪漫!

然而,随着时间的快速流逝,日薄西山。所以我不得不回家了!我永远不会忘记这样一个难忘的经历,这是真的无法用言语来形容!

展开阅读全文

篇6:寒假英语作文初中

全文共 1054 字

+ 加入清单

Once a child asked such a question: What can I benefit from being "a good

child"? Among the many answers he received one ran like this: "A good child" is

the most precious gift God gives to you. And the same can be said for being

honest. It pays to be honest.

Yes, its true that dishonesty exists almost everywhere in the society.

Consumers often found themselves being blackmailed by those merchants selling

shoddy products; and there are students

Cheating in order to pass the exams or get high marks; moreover, we are not

short of examples that many rich professionals evade the taxes by sacrificing

the interests of government.

But havent we seen their results? "A fall into the pit, a gain in

customers wit", which would surely drive those dishonest merchants out of

business. Regret of wasting time yet being

Empty-handed would accompany those dishonest students all their life. On

the contrary, we could have all they lost, especially a good reputation and a

clear conscience, which are the best qualities of human beings. Thats why we

say "It Pays to Be Honest".

展开阅读全文

篇7:幸福是什么初中作文英语精选

全文共 809 字

+ 加入清单

What is happiness What is happiness? There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand peoples eyes. though everyone has different opinion about happiness .i will list some views about it.

In my class ,some students think putting heart on study is happiness,For they can earn much kownledge throngh it.Besides ,parentslove,which contains caring for their life、health would also make them feel happy.Howere some students think it is a hapiness when they get into trouble,someon ecan come out for help .Or correcting them when they made mistakes.

In my opinion,happiness is something which can be easy to get .when one need help,you can give he or her one hand on time ,you will feel happy.when we are walking on the street.i happen to listen my favorite songs.that wll make me happy.Do you agree with me ?

[幸福是什么初中作文英语精选

展开阅读全文

篇8:春节英语作文带翻译

全文共 977 字

+ 加入清单

There are many festivals in China. Among them, I like the Spring Festival

most.Not only because it’s the biggest festival in the year, but also because

it’s a new beginning that brings hope to people and it’s time for family

gathering.Before the festival, people come home no matter where they

are.Usually, we have a big dinner on the New Year’s Eve. And then families sit

together and share their lives or planes.Some will play games or hang out to

have some fun.

On the New Year’s Day, people get up early and say good words to anyone

they meet.Children can get lucky money from relatives.In the following days, we

will visit relative’s home and bring New Year’s wishes to them.In short, it’s a

time for family gathering and all of us enjoy it.

在我国,一年有很多节日,在这些节日中,我最喜欢春节。这不仅因为它是一年中最大的节日,更因为它是新一年的开始,给人们带来新的希望,也因为它是亲朋好友团聚的时刻。不管身在何方,人们总会在春节前回到家里准备过节。

通常,我们会在除夕夜吃一顿丰盛的晚餐,之后家人团座一起,分享一年以来的生活以及新年计划。有的人则会玩游戏或者出去玩。大年初一,人们通常会早起,会与见到的人说吉祥话。孩子们会得到压岁钱。在接下来的几天里,人们会带上新年祝福互相串门拜年。总之,春节是一个欢聚一堂、供人享乐的日子。

展开阅读全文

篇9:放松英语作文初中

全文共 546 字

+ 加入清单

Now many students of Grade 9 are under too much pressure. They always feel

too tired to listen to the teachers carefully in class.

It’s important for students to relax. Only in this way can they study well

and be healthy. Here are some different ways to relax themselves. For example,

they can try to have enough sleep,or they can listen to their favourite music

after class. They can also read some books or do some sports. For me, I often

hang out with my friends.

While you are studying, don’t forget to relax. You will study better after

a good rest.

展开阅读全文

篇10:我的钢琴梦初中英语作文

全文共 746 字

+ 加入清单

When I was three years old, my mother hired a tutor to teach me piano. It is such a classic story that every parent wants their daughter to be an elegant lady. So playing piano is the best way to show elegance. But maybe I was not talented in playing piano, I showed less interest and finally, my mother had given up her piano dream. Now I am very interested in painting, I will paint many pictures when I am free. My teacher spoke highly of me when she took a look at my works. My mother has realized that I found my talent and she felt happy for me.

我三岁的时候,我妈妈请了一位家庭教师来教我弹钢琴。这是如此经典的故事,每个父母都希望他们的女儿成为一名优雅的淑女。弹钢琴是最好的方式来显示优雅。但也许我在弹钢琴方面没有什么天赋,我不怎么感兴趣,最后,我母亲已经放弃了她的钢琴梦想。现在我对绘画非常感兴趣,我有空了就会画很多图片。我的老师高度评价了我,当她看了看我的作品。我妈妈意识到我发现自己的天赋,她为我感到高兴。

[我的钢琴梦初中英语作文

展开阅读全文

篇11:初中英语作文:我的卧室

全文共 724 字

+ 加入清单

My bedroom is not big but it is bright. Becauseeveryday the sunshine will come in. my bedroom is very simple. There just is abed, a desk and a wardrobe.

But I never feel my bedroom is empty, because it isthe place belongs to myself and full of my passion.

When I feel happy, I canlaugh in my bedroom. When I am sad, I can cry in it. I know that no one willbother me, as it is my private place. And every morning the sunshine comes in, Ifeel warm in my heart just seems that I see my promising future. I like mybedroom.

我的卧室不大但是很明亮。因为每天的阳光会照射进来。我的卧室很简单。这只有一张床,一张桌子和一个衣柜。但我从不觉得我的卧室是空的,因为它是属于我自己的地方,充满了我的喜怒哀乐。当我感到高兴,我可以在我的卧室大笑。当我感到伤心时,我可以在我的卧室里面哭。我知道没有人会来打扰我,因为这是我的私人地带。每天清晨的阳光照射进来时,我感到我的心都暖起来了,就像看到了我充满了希望的未来。我喜欢我的卧室.

[初中英语作文:我的卧室

展开阅读全文

篇12:初中毕业

全文共 1021 字

+ 加入清单

教堂里响起一阵悲伤的音乐,是一首离别的曲子,耶稣圣像前的孩子们正在默默地祈祷……此时,孩子们在祈祷些什么呢?他们为什么表情如此严肃呢?因为这是毕业典礼,因为这是他们在这里的最后一天……

看着这些孩子虔诚的面孔,听着这催人泪下的曲子,泪眼模糊中,我不由自主地想起三年前,我们的毕业……

在骄阳似火的夏季里,蝉子的叫鸣声成唯一的曲调,而在教室里的我们,心中只有对即将来临的中考充满无限的紧张和不安。

每天,匆匆地做好每一个人所要必须做的事情后,就立刻转身投入紧张的学习中。一张张雪白的试卷在我们手中不停地被验算着,代替历年夏季里,我们手中那些可爱骄小的扇子;一篇篇英语听力测试反复地播放,代替往日里,我们听着的流行音乐;一个个不断的询问声,代替往日里,教室中频频传来的打闹声……一切都在即将来临的中考面前变得太微不足道。

在往日里看来漫长的岁月,突然间在那时,就像被随手翻过的书页一样,还没有仔细阅读过,就匆匆翻过。六月的警钟声敲响,我们的氛围更加紧张。历年来,无论如何,在毕业时都会开毕业典礼,总会拿出一天来让我们礼物啊,写同学录啊……可是,那次我们却什么都没做,原因很简单,大家都觉得那没有必要。

就这样,我们迎来毕业考试,考场上的我们仅仅只想要个好成绩而已。最后的一堂考试结束后,我们集合,老师也仅仅只是说一些有关中考成绩的事情,然后匆匆地拍一张毕业照,没有说再见,没有像其他毕业生那样做好多其他事情,就毕业……

中考过后,我发现那所谓的“胜利”并不能给我带来多大的喜悦,原以为只要有个好成绩就会有个快乐的暑假……可是在那些日子里,我发现那过得太无聊,尽管每天还是照样写不少作业,可是总是少什么……

一次,我走进一家离我们学校很近的礼品店,那老板问我这次我们毕业是不是过于单调?他说他领很多毕业可以送的礼物之类的东西,可是我们学校却没有多少人买。他还开玩笑说我们现在的人啊,真是越来越缺少人情味。

过后,我认真地想想老板说的话,我不得不承认他说的很对。我们当时只在乎中考成绩,却忽视在一起那么久的同学情,师生情,所要追求的仅仅只有那些分数。如果我们当时能够花一天来开个毕业典礼,给彼此写下通讯地址、联系方式,那么我们的暑假也不会如此无聊。只可惜,当时我们都不懂……

也许多年以后,当我们在翻过这写书页时,会发现有一篇空白的地方,一篇永远无法填写的地方……

三年前的错误,我们不再犯,今天,我们从容面对高考,积极参加毕业典礼,为我们的高中生活画上一个圆满的句号!

展开阅读全文

篇13:初中英语作文题目

全文共 613 字

+ 加入清单

People always say that love from father is as strong as the mountain, which

gives us the great strength to move on. In Chinese traditional role, father is

described to be a quiet man but the way he loves you can be seen all the time,

while love from western father are much obvious. There always hug and kiss

between children and parents. My father is a classic quiet father. He doesnt

talk much, but he will never miss any moment that is important for me. When I

have performance in school, he must be one of the audience, no matter how busy

he is. Before I sleep, he will help me check on my homework. I love my

father.

展开阅读全文

篇14:初中毕业英语作文

全文共 2563 字

+ 加入清单

As time goes by, I have been in junior middle school for three years, and I have too many feelings in the last time to say goodbye to junior high school life.

Three years of drip, it is condensed into a few thin memories.

Rongrong, light wind, how many times we read books under the tree, bird watching, watching the sun; how many times on the roadside flower and tree, see a fountain; how many times to read, read "practice" Dripping water wears through a stone. "innovation", "read the May June is approaching for drifting away. Yuekao Balefire rises from all directions., senior high school entrance examination imminent. Who will The Legendary Swordsman, in late June. Dont take me, God helps those who help themselves "

Every familiar corner of the campus has left us with laughter, and every inch of the campus has spilled our sweat.

The playground played the song of our youth, which aroused our silent beacon fire.

There are our most true and most beautiful memories of the party; the classroom has our most joyous and most pure laughter; the aisle has our deepest and most intimate feelings.

The leaves are green and yellow, yellow and yellow, falling and green, green and yellow... More than one thousand sunrise months behind us today, we have graduated.

After graduation, I can not forget the green tree, yellow leaves, gorgeous flowers, green grass, big stone, blue water, spirit of fish, sweet taste, and beauty, the wonderful sound of birds and cicadas of butterflies, accompanied by breeze, and the memory image of the sun is very beautiful, very beautiful, very true, very true.

After graduation, I can not forget the spiritual wealth of every good teacher and beneficial friend. The initiative and persistence of the Chinese language; the attitude and details of mathematics; the pursuit and efforts of English; the ideas and methods of physics; the seriousness and meticulousness of chemistry; the struggle and striving for political history; the interest and enterprising of the living place; the tenacious and struggling of sports. The praise of success; the comfort of the failure; the jokes of the happy time; the accident in grief... The fragments of memory are fine, fine, wonderful and wonderful.

Junior high school, there is an incredible feeling of heart. Three years of drip, it is condensed into a few thin memories.

After graduating from junior high school, we will go to their respective places for high school. I cant bear these lovely junior high school classmates. However, I know they cant be avoided, but those will be my good memories.

展开阅读全文

篇15:初中英语作文我的卧室

全文共 553 字

+ 加入清单

我的卧室

My Bedroom

I have a beautiful and sweet bedroom. My mother decorates it for me. She always says that a girl deserves a bedroom like a princess. The main colors of my room are pink and white. The wall, the bed and the chest are pink. And the desk is white. The curtains are beautiful with lovely followers on them. Every day when I open my eyes, I feel happy and beloved. I clean my room often and tidy my things up. I don’t want it become dirty or in a mess. I am thankful to my parents.

通过上面对我的卧室的介绍,相信大家已经对我的卧室都有个了解了吧,希望上面的知识给同学们的写作很好的帮助。

[初中英语作文我的卧室

展开阅读全文

篇16:关于毕业感想作文:初中、毕业

全文共 553 字

+ 加入清单

摘要: 语文老师颤人的歌声,加上史上体委最有力度的“起立”班主任红润的眼眶,同学的泪流纵横,让我有一种说不出的酸,说不出的沉重,舍不得这里的一桌一椅。

离别的滋味,有一份别样的沉重,留言的人并不太多,但足够了.

言,觉的也许,我偶真的是太,我怕在人群中先的我秒小,我怕受冷落,我习惯勒别人来找我谈.

一直以为,不曾交流过,便不相识,然而,其实在每一个人的心中都有你的地位,有时需要你自己去争取,(曾以为那是脸皮后,但,我错了、彻头彻尾)

是的,我怕,我怕失败,我更怕拒绝,曾以为,与其我自找失败,自找拒绝,不如将自己屏蔽,我在体验拒绝别人的快感,我努力将自己装的无坚不摧,我努力将自己伪装的毫不在乎,。我以为这样就可以变的坚强,可是我错了,那是我在逃避现实、、、我试着去接触陌生人,在我而言因为敏感,我撞到了在我而言的我最怕的拒绝。之前,从未尝过他所以在这方面,我没有十几岁,...

我总是杂技猜别人的思想,通过一举一动一个眼神一声微弱的呼吸...当我感知到有一丁点的不情愿时,我会主动退出,。似乎,有时,我的退出,让别人感到了一种莫名其妙,吧。

语文老师颤人的歌声,加上史上体委最有力度的“起立”班主任红润的眼眶,同学的泪流纵横,让我有一种说不出的酸,说不出的沉重,舍不得这里的一桌一椅。离别在继续,要唱出离歌的悲壮

展开阅读全文

篇17:短篇英语日记带翻译

全文共 802 字

+ 加入清单

Today the weather was terrible,so I had to stay at home.

In the afternoon,I finished some homework,then I thought that maybe today

was very boring。I stared to surf the Internet ,and I found the movie 《Ghost

Rider》which was directed by Mark Steven Johnson by accident and then I began to

watch it. The movie told us that a lover of motorcycle called Johnny signed an

agreement with a demon in order to save relatives‘’ lives .However,he lost his

spirit and had to work for the demon.Then He used his spell to fight with evil .

The movie was so exciting that I coulnt be calm 。I would never forget this

movie.

今天天气很糟糕,所以我只好呆在家里。下午,我完成我的一些作业,然后我想今天一定会很无聊吧。我便开始上网,偶然地发现了一部由马克·斯蒂文·约翰逊主导的电影《鬼面骑士》,我便开始观看。这部影片讲诉了一个名叫强尼的摩托车爱好者为了挽救他亲人的性命与恶魔签署了一份契约。但是,他因此而失去了灵魂,被迫给恶魔工作。他用他的魔力与邪恶作斗争。这部影片是如此的振奋人心以至于我不能平息我的内心。我永远都不会忘记这部电影。

展开阅读全文

篇18:关于写动画片的初中英语

全文共 687 字

+ 加入清单

Kung Fu Panda is the lastest project from Dreamworks. It’s a CG-animated comedy about a lazy, irreverent slacker panda named Po Po (Voiced by Jack Black), who must somehow become a Kung Fu Master in order to save the Valley of Peace from a villainous snow leopard, Tai Lung. Prophecy said that Po is the “Chosen One” to save the day. But he appears to be the laziest of all the animals in ancient China. A group of martial arts masters are going to need a black belt in patience if they are going to turn this slacker panda into a kung fu fighter before it’s too late.I like the movie because it is very interesting and funny.The monkey is voiced by Jackey Chan who is my favourite star!

展开阅读全文

篇19:描写毕业照的故事初中

全文共 525 字

+ 加入清单

转眼间,我从医院的手术室里诞生了,时间带着我跨过了学前班的懵懂无知,又即将带领我飞离小学六年的美好时光;转眼间我跟着时间那无声敏捷的步伐,进入了多梦的初中生活。猛然翻开抽屉里的相片,才发现有那么多张笑脸即将与我分别,“再见了,六年朝夕相处的朋友;再见了,六年辛勤教导的老师;再见了,我依旧不舍的小学生活……

用指尖轻轻滑过毕业照里每一个同学的脸庞。幼儿园,一张张笑脸如花儿般盛开在我心上。嘿,你还记得我吗?我就是哪个“小胖妞”啊!“蘑菇头”你现在在哪呢?回忆起当时学前班的甜蜜往事,我我即使不舍,也得放下。挥去这陈旧的一片,在它的背后时间如魔术师般又变出了一张。在小学六年的学习中,“小胖妞”变得不一样了,从前的两只麻花辫不知了去向,代替它的是干净利落的一条短短的马尾辫,在照片里我又找到了“蘑菇头”,她依旧和以前一样,只是比“小胖妞”高了半个头,在这张照片里,笑脸又增加了,一张两张三张四张在我心里开满了花。

毕业照里的我们,有笑的也有哭的,毕业照里有我不舍的死党,也有烦人的同学,但更多的是前者。毕业之际,时间你能否走慢点,停留在相机按下快门那一刻,停留在你追我赶的赛场上,停留在热火朝天的劳动中,停留在引人入胜的课堂中……

再见了朋友们,等等我时间。

展开阅读全文

篇20:短篇英语日记带翻译

全文共 713 字

+ 加入清单

live very happily today! in the morning, it is very fine! then i climb the

mountain with family, the air on the mountain is very fresh, the flowers plants

and trees on the mountain all seem extremely beautiful.

in the afternoon, i go to friends home to play, the friend entertains me

warmly, show me a lot of books of his , has listened to his cd for me , then

also ask me to eat a sumptuous dinner.

coming back home in the evening, family and i sat and watched tv together,

we are returning and eating the fruit while chatting, the whole family is happy

and harmonious!

译文:

今天我过得非常开心!早上,天气非常好!于是我和家人一起去登山,山上的空气非常清新,山上的花草树木都显得格外美丽。

下午,我去了朋友家玩,朋友热情地招待我,给我看了他的很多书,给我听了他的cd,然后还请我吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。

晚上回到家,我与家人坐在一起看电视,我们还一边聊天一边吃着水果,全家其乐融!

展开阅读全文