写好高考英语作文技巧【优秀20篇】

【示例一】

①Judging from the pictures, we can clearly infer that the drawer’s intention is ________(主题句).② ________(扩展句).③For one thing/First of all/Firstly, ________(第一个层面). ④For another/Besides/Moreover/In addition/Secondly, ________(第二个层面). ⑤Thus/As a result/Therefore/Finally, ________(总结句).

【示例二】

①To begin with, the purpose of the drawings is to show us that ________(主题句),yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously. ② ________(扩展句)is naturally associated with, to be specific ________(第一个层面). ③Besides/Moreover/In addition, ________(第二个层面)。④As a result/Therefore, ________(总结句).

解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

1.问题现状

2.怎样解决（解决方案的优缺点）

In recent days，we have to face I problem——A，which is becoming more and more serious. First，——（说明A的现状）。Second，——（举例进一步说明现状）

Confronted with A，we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing，——（解决方法一）。 For another ——（解决方法二）。 Finally， ——（解决方法三）。

Personally， I believe that ——（我的解决方法）。 Consequently， I‘m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ——（带来的好处）。

1. To cherish the enviroment is to love ourselves.

爱护环境就是爱护我们自己。

2.Water is the source of ourlives

水是生命之源。

3.I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation

我急切呼吁应该采取措施改变现状。

4.Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.

我们政府正努力制定措施与污染作斗争。

5.We are sure that well win the battle.

我们坚信我们能赢得战斗。

6.Its high time that we should protect our enviroment from being polluted.

是时候我们应该防止环境污染了。

7. Keep our mountains green，the wate clean，and the sky blue.

使我们山更绿，水更清，天更蓝。

8.However，natural resources are not inexhaustible.some reserves are already on the brink of exhaustion.

然而自然资源并不是无穷无尽的，一些储量已经到了穷尽的边缘。

9.If we do something with no thought for the furture . The later generation would be in danger.

如果我们不为将来考虑，后代就会受到威胁。

10.Our earths days are numbered without urgent help.

没有及时的帮助我们的地球就屈指可数了。

11(Sth.)are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blink eye to them.

如果我们继续睁一只眼闭一只眼的话，……一定会有恶劣的后果。

1.网上交友 2.俗语写作 3.记叙文4.面对失败的态度 5.漫画写作6.留言条、邀请函 7.魔术 8. 食品安全9.环境保护(地震、核泄漏)10. 中东非洲动荡

特选取6篇范文，以供参考!~

1.网上交友

【猜题理由】交友话题为学生熟知，也符合当前对学生的情感教育方向。利用此话题加强学生英语交际能力的培养，较好地体现了"语境生活化、任务真实性、行为个性化"的设计特点。

【构思点拨】该命题属于应用文，需符合电子邮件的格式要求。在写作过程中要抓住要点提示，做到不遗漏、不重复，并注意保持书信语言的简洁性和精炼性。

【参考范文】

Dear David,

Ive learned it from the Inter net that you want to make a Chinese friend s o as to learn the Chinese language and culture. Im glad that you show such great interest in China and I world like to be your friend.

I will try my best to write to you as often as possible to introduce you the Chinese culture. When you have an opportunity to come to China, Ill teach you how to speak Chinese and show you around some famous historical places of interest. Anyway, I am going to help you as much as I can. How do you think?

Im looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

2.俗语写作

【构思点拨】本题属于题目、提纲式作文，给出的要点虽然不多，但要求考生根据生活中亲身经历的一件事，说明一切成功来源于凡事早做规划，不断追求，辛勤劳作这个道理。因此要注意结合自己的经历，谈出自己对此的感受即可。

俗话说：早起的鸟儿有虫吃。请根据你生活中亲身经历的一件事，说明一切成功源于干凡事早做规划，不断追求，辛勤劳作。

【参考范文】

The early bird will catch worms

An old saying "The early bird will catch worms" reminds us that if people want to be successful and outstanding, they must plan ahead of time and make their efforts to overcome all the possible difficulties.

For example, the Chinese athletes excellent performance in 2010 Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver is definitely the result of their early planning and hard training. If they don t set the aim and word work, even though they have the best talents, they cant compete with others and get more medals.

Another case in point is my learning experience. I was good at English, but I couldnt pass the exam, for I wasnt prepared well before the examination. I had many things to solve at that time. As I met the complex things, I was at a loss. The reason was that I had no plan and involved in many things and didnt study more hard, so I failed.

In short, the saying shows us the important of planning, working hard and constantly trying.

3、留言条

假设你是李华，星期天你要和你的同班同学李明一起去敬老院参加义务劳动，你去找他，但他没有在家，你给他留言说明要求，内容如下：

(1)9：30在学校门口集合;

(2)带劳动工具(洗衣粉、理发工具、除草工具等);

(3)自带午饭，骑自行车前往。

注意：

(1)词数100左右;

(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文 连贯。

Dear Li Ming，

______________________________________________________________

Li Hua

【猜题理由】2010年高考写作题应该是学生较为熟悉的、身边的与他们生活、学习密切相关的话题。因为高考有一定的连续性，2011年有些省份仍可能采用应用文进行考查。

【构思点拨】本题属于提纲式要点作文，要求学生就所给内容写一张留言条，是学生比较熟悉的题材，体现了英语学习应该注意实用性，生活化的原则。应注意下面几点：(1)注意人称，应该用第一人称的形式给同学李明(第二人称)写便条：(2)注意时态的正确使用：从试题的内容上可以看出在表达要点上应用将来时;(3)注意恰当使用逻辑词语，是各个要点间逻辑连贯，行文通顺。提纲类书面表达不是简单的逐条翻译，而是将所给的几个要点合理的组成比较通顺的语句，因此要仔细组织语言，合理安排结构。在语言方面，要特别注意简洁明了，开门见山。

【参考范文】

Dear Li Ming,

This Sunday well go to the nursing home and do some voluntary labor. You were out, when I dropped in on you. Therefore, I had to leave a message to you. According to what monitor said, well meet at the gate of our school at 9:30 tomorrow morning and start out together by bike. So you should take your bike and dont forget to take some washing powder, barber tools and weeding tools so that we can help them with washing clothes, cutting their hair and get rid of some weed in the garden. At last, you should remember to take some food for lunch because well stay the re for chatting with them at noon. If you come back, youll phone me at once.

Li Hua

4、记叙文

假如你是武汉大学附中高三(1)的李华，今年即将高中毕业。请根据以下要点给某英文报写一篇英语短文，谈谈你对高三生活的看法。

(1)对获得的帮助表示感谢;(2)消除与 同学之间的误会;(3)努力学习，实现人生梦想;(4)对学弟、学妹的建议。

注意：(1)可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯;(2)词数：100左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数) 。

High school is regarded as the best time in a persons life. As a senior 3 student, it wont take lon g before I graduate._____________________________________________________________________

【猜题理由】本篇书面表达能比较真实地反映学生的生活实际，话题内容关注学生的社交生活和树立健康的人生观，具有考查的现实意义和指导意义;在语言表达上，能够让学生充分运用所学知识，毫无词汇障碍地表达自己的思想;此外，在语言表达的设置上也有一定的伸展性，能有效地激发学生个性观点的创建。

【构思点拨】本篇书面表达是常见的提纲类型的写作，要点明确清楚，便于学生组织文章，理清脉络。行文时要注意处理好语言表达的控制性和伸展性之间的关系。

【参考范文】

High school is regarded as the best time in a persons life. As a senior three student, it wont take long before I graduate. Now, I have much to share with my fellow students.

Firstly, I would like to show my appreciation to those standing by me all the way, teachers, pare nts and friends included. Without their help and advice, my life would be different. Secondly, its high time to say sorry to classmates whom I hurt or misunderstood. Communication and smiles act as bridges to friendship. Above all, Ive made up my mind to make every effort to study, for I believe hard work is the key to success. Just as the old saying goes, "no pains, no gains."

Finally I hope that all the younger fellows can make full use of time, because time and tide wait for no men.

5、邀请函

假定你是李华，你的一位美国朋友Jane在中国学习中文两年，即将回国。现在由你给她发E-mail，邀请她参加为她举办的欢送会，要点如下：

(1)祝贺 她顺利通过考试，她的学习进步很大，为她骄傲;

(2)感谢她帮助你们学习英语;

(3)时间：星期六晚六点;

(4)地点：阳关俱乐部(The Sun Club)302房间;

(5)路线：在你所住并馆门口乘坐332路公共汽车可直达。

注意：

(1)须包括以上主要内容，可以适当增加细节，使内容连贯;

(2)词数：100左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

(3)参考词汇：欢送会 farewell party

Dear Jane,

Congratulations on your passing all the exams.____________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Yours faithfully,

Li Hua

【猜题理由】该素材围绕与学生的日常生活相关的话题，体现"生活化"的特点。本篇写作要求写一篇邀请函，能够充分体现生活实际和语言的交际功能。

【构思点拨】写邀请函时一方面需要说明邀请理由，另 一方面要把活动的时间、地点、乘车路线等细节问题一定要交代清楚。

【参考范文】

Dear Jane,

Congratulations on your passing all the exams. I am delighted you have really made great progress in your two years of studying in China. All you have gained is the result of your hard work. We are proud of you and we all appreciate your help with our English Well always remember the wonderful time we spent together.

Its pity that you have to go back soon! So a farewell party for you will be held i n Room 302 in the Sun Club this Saturday evening. Could you come by 6:00 p.m.? Well have dinner together. By the way，you may take Bus N o. 332 in front of your hotel and i t will take you directly to the club.

I wish you success and fulfillment in the years ahead!

Yours faithfully,

Li Hua

6.随着日本核泄漏的严重性日益加大，上周你校同学举行了一场英语辩论会。辩论的题目是：“是否应该发展核电站?”参加辩论的A组和B组的同学意见截然不同。请根据下表提供的信息，给某杂志社写一篇英语短文，客观地介绍辩论的情况。开头已经给出。

A组的意见 B组的意见

1. 应发展核电站。 1. 应该限制核电站的发展。

2. 给人们带来更多电能，缓解用电压力。 2. 会造成包括空气污染在内的各种污染。.

3. 创造就业机会. 3. 应该发展例如太阳能等类型的环保电站。

注意： 1. 100字左右; 2.不得逐字翻译。 核电站nuclear power station 太阳能solar energy

Last week, we had a debate about whether we should develop nuclear power stations. Opinions are divided.

During the debate, Some students said we should develop nuclear power stations, since it would bring much electricity to people, and reduce the pressure of using electricity in the world. Meanwhile, it can create more jobs.

However, the others thought the government should limit the number of nuclear power stations, since they will cause all kinds of pollution, air pollution included. They thought solar energy power stations, which are environmentally friendly, should be developed.

In my opinion, we should ……

1.dogoodto(对。。。有益)，doharmto(对。。。有害）

Readingdoesgoodtoourmind.

2.Thereisnodenyingthat+S+V…(不可否认的。。。）

Thereisnodenyingthatbecomingavolunteerphasized.

20.由于这些理由，我…Forthesereasons,I….

21.总而言之…Inconclusion,…=Tosumup,…

22.因此我们能下个结论，那就是…

Wecan,therefore,cometotheconclusion(that)子句

23.如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问地…

Ifwecandoasmentionedabove,therecanbenodoubt(that)子句

24.因此，这就是…的原因Thus,thisisthereasonwhy….

25.所以，我们应该了解…Therefore,weshouldrealize(that)子句

26.因此，由上列的讨论我们可以明了…

We,therefore,canmakeclearfromtheabovediscussion(that)子句

27.1.从～观点来看…Fromthe～pointofview,…

2.根据～的看法…Accordingto～pointofview,….

导语：高考英语作文结尾总结句式有着一定的规律，可以灵活地套用一些模板。下面是yjbys作文网小编为您收集整理的资料，希望对您有所帮助。

1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____。

2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future。

3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)……

But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______。

4. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______。

5. 随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better。

6. 至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____。

7. 对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second ______. Last but not least,______。

8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______。

9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____。

10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____。

附注：

结尾万能句

Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…

把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论……

Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that …

考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论……

Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that … 因此，我们最好得出这样的结论……

There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。

All in all, we cannot live without … But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.

总之，我们没有…是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。

提出建议万能句

It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。

It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …

该是采纳……的建议，并对……的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。

There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of … 毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够的重视。

Obviously, … If we want to do something … , it is essential that … 显然，如果我们想做某事，很重要的是…

Only in this way can we … 只有这样，我们才能……

It must be realized that …我们必须意识到……

预示后果万能句

Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that … will lead us in danger.

很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险。

No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that … 毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，很可能会……

It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. 很紧迫的是，应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。

论证万能句

From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. 在我看来，支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理。

I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …我无法完全同意这一观点……

Personally, I am standing on the side of …就个人而言，我站在……的一边。

I sincerely believe that …我真诚地相信……

In my opinion, it is more advisable to do … than to do …. 在我个人看来，做……比做……更明智。

Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why …

给出原因万能句

This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, … Second, … Third, …

这一现象的存在是有许多原因的。首先，……;第二，……;第三，……

Why did …? For one thing …，for another …. Perhaps the primary reason is…

为什么会……?一个原因是……，令一个原因是……;或许其主要原因是……

I quite agree with the statement that … The reasons are chiefly as follows. 我十分赞同这一论述,即……，其主要原因如下：

解决办法万能句

Here are some suggestions for handling … 这是如何处理某事的一些建议。

The best way to solve the troubles is … 解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……

People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. 人们已找出许多办法来解决这个问题。

批判错误观点

As far as something is concerned, … 就某事而言，……

It was obvious that …很显然,….

It may be true that …, but it doesn’t mean that … 可能……是对的,但这并不意味着……

It is natural to believe that …, but we shouldn’t ignore that … 认为……是很自然的，但我们不应忽视……

There is no evidence to suggest that … 没有证据表明……

如何连接

强调 still, indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially, obviously, clearly.

比较 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.

对比 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.

列举 for example, for instance, such as, take …for example, except (for), to illustrate.

时间 later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while.

顺序 first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.

可能 presumably, probably, perhaps.

解释 in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.

递进 What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.

让步 although, after all, in spite of…, despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.

转折 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately, whereas

原因 for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.

结果 as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as a consequence

总结 on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short.

其他 mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case

下面是小编整理的五个技巧写出好作文，欢迎阅读。

一、把握文体

话题作文往往不限文体，允许考生自由发挥。但是，不限文体并不等于不要文体。话题作文的“文体不限”其实是指不限于一种文体，让学生有选择文体的自由。当你选定了一种文体时，还得按照这种文体的特点来谋篇布局进行写作。有的同学观察能力强，生活积累丰富，不妨将生活中精彩的片断撷取出来写成一篇生动感人的记叙文;有的同学想象丰富，擅长编写故事，不妨写写童话、寓言或科幻小说;有的同学逻辑思维能力强，擅长推理，不妨写成一篇理据充分的议论文;有的同学感情细腻丰富，不妨写成一篇优美抒情的散文，肯定会非常出色。

二、缩小范围

话题作文只提供写作的话题，而没有中心、材料、结构、文体、语言等等的限制;给了考生一个比较开放的构思空间，使考生能最大限度地发挥想象力和创造力。但是，如果不注意把握话题，缩小写作的口子，就会出现“下笔千言，离题万里”的毛病。因此，不管所给的话题多么宽泛，我们都要善于缩小“包围圈”，要选择一个小小的切入口，如一件事、一个人、一样物品、一种感受、一点看法等等，集中笔力加以突破，把你所选择的话题角度写细写深写透，做到“以小见大”。

三、拟好题目

标题是文章的“眼睛”。俗话说：“题好一半文”。话题作文允许自己拟题目，因此，我们要努力提高拟题水平，力争使自己拟的题目准确、凝炼、含蓄、新奇，使阅卷老师“一见钟情”。

四、善于联想

话题作文是一种开放性的作文形式，要求考生放开手脚，尽情地驰骋在想象的空间，善于多方位地展开联想，这样，才能生发出丰富多彩的思路来。比如话题“风”，你可以联想到自然界的风：微风、大风、狂风、飓风、龙卷风等等;你还可以联想到社会风气：拍马风、送礼风等等;你可以联想到一种像风一样的流行时尚：金庸热、韩寒热等等;你甚至可以联想到假如你是风，假如你遇到风等等。

五、写出新意

话题作文既然是应试作文，总得给评卷老师一个好的感觉，得—个好的分数。因此，写出特色、写出新意是十分重要的。我们在写作时，要善于“独辟蹊径”，也就是要求我们在立意上要有特的感悟，不入云亦云;选材上要有独到的眼光，不陈题旧话;构思上要独具匠心，不四平八稳，波澜不惊语气上要有独到的魅力，不平铺直叙泛泛而谈。

(一)设喻展示法

所谓设喻展示，就是在描写人物外貌时，运用比喻手法，对人物进行具体形象化的展现，使人物的此特点转换成彼形象，以展示人物的形象特征，让读者产生联想，并加深印象和理解。这种方法的主要优势，是使人物的外貌更具有感染力和说服力。

设喻展示法的运用位置，一般在人物外貌描写的起笔或落笔。起笔出现 ，总喻而领起定调，落笔出现，总喻而归纳形象，而又以后者为多。

设喻展示法一般有两种情况：

一种是单一性的，即只在人物外貌描写上用一次比喻，位置在起始、收结或中间都可以，本体是人物的衣着、特点或某个部位，但必须用在关键地方，以形象地显示所写人物外貌的特征。例如《花市》中对卖花姑娘的外貌描写，就运用了这种设喻展示法 ：“她笑微微地站在百花丛中，也像一枝花，像一枝挺秀淡雅的兰花吧。”这句话用在文章的最后，所用的两个“像”，前者概括，后者具体，本体都是“卖花姑娘”，再以她“笑微微”这一表情陪衬，以她“站在百花从中“这一情境烘托，字里行间，充满着敬佩之意，洋溢着赞美之情，突出了卖花姑娘心灵美好、外表美丽的形象特点，给人以美感，给人以深刻的印象。

二是描写人物的外貌时，多次运用比喻。既可以用在两个或两个以上人物的外貌上，也可以用在某一个人物的外貌上。如果是前者，就显示出彼此外貌各异的比较，从而突出某个人物的形象;如果是后者，则一定从不同角度不同侧面来设喻展示，以突出这个人物外貌的多方面的特点。例如《看戏》这篇文章，就采用了后一种的设喻方法。文章集中写了艺术家梅兰芳同志的高超演技，通过对他的外貌设喻，突出了他光彩照人的艺术家形象。文章先设喻，写他演唱的歌词“像珠子似的从她的一笑一颦中，从她的优雅‘水袖’中，从她的婀娜的身段中，一粒一粒地滚下来……”，这里，表面看是对歌词设喻，实际上则表现了他演技的娴熟及表情和身段的优美。再设喻，写“我们的女主角也就在这时候像一朵盛开的鲜花。”这是直接对人物外貌进行总体性设喻，使这个人物外貌的美丽程度得到了充分的展示，突出了他的光辉形象，使人受到深深的感染，有助于人物外在特征的显示。

设喻展示法是外貌描写手法与比喻修辞手法的巧妙结合，运用时要注意两点：一是这种修辞必须用在对人物外貌的描写上，而且要用在关键地方。二是多用明喻，暗喻少见，借喻不用，一般有比喻词标明，以显示出比喻的运用。

(二)工笔细描法

所谓工笔细描，就是讲究文笔工整，注重人物细部的详细刻画和细致描写，是国画方法在文学作品中的巧妙借用，也是人们在刻画人物时常用的一种方法。工笔细描的显著特点，是讲究人物微观的具体展示。

工笔细描法的具体实施，往往从人物的整体面貌上用墨，既写面部，又及全身，给人以整体的印象。这种描写，多用于比较陌生的人物和主要人物，只有这样，才能让读者了解并熟悉所写的人物，才能突出主要人物的性格特征。例如，《故乡》中对闰土的描写，就采用了这种工笔细描的方法，请看其中一段文字：“他身材增加了一倍;先前的紫色的圆脸，已经变作灰黄，而且加上了很深的皱纹;眼睛也像他父亲一样，周围都肿得通红，这我知道，在海边种地的人，终日吹着海风，大抵是这样的。他头上是一顶破毡帽，身上只一件极薄的棉衣，浑身瑟索着;手里提着一个纸包和一支长烟管，那手也不是我所记得的红活圆实的手，却又粗又笨而且开裂，像是松树皮了。”

这段文字，对中年闰土的肖像描写，就是工笔细描。它既写了闰土的整体“身材”，又写了五官细部，而又以后者为主，从脸色，到脸皱，从眼睛，到眼睛周围;既写了上端头部“破毡帽”，又写了中端身部“极薄的棉衣”;既写了手里的物件，又写了两手着实“像是松树皮了”;既写了静态，整体形象犹如一个“木偶人”，又写了动态，“浑身瑟索着”，而又以静态为主;既有现实闰土的精雕细刻，又有他过去外貌的顺带点墨，而又以前者为主，这样，我们看到的中年闰土，就是一个有头脸，有衣装，有细部，有全部的完整形象。

工笔细描法是外貌描写的基本方法之一，运用这种方法，有两点值得注意：一是要遵从一定的顺序，根据写作需要和人物特点，按照作者或文中线索人物的观察顺序进行有条不紊的描写。例如，上面对闰土的描写，就是先“身材”， 后“脸”部，再衣着，从上到下;写脸部是先“脸”后“眼”，由总到分;写衣着是先“帽”后“衣”，从上到下;写眼部是先“眼睛”后“周围”，先内后外;写手部是先手中的“物件”后手中的“实情”，由外到内。这样，主人公的形象就随着作者的笔墨，先后有序逐渐完整地展示在读者面前。二是要有重点，不能从头到脚，不分主次地全面描述，要根据人物思想性格和外在特点，抓住主要本质特征进行重点描写。例如上面写闰土外貌，身材和衣着是略写，脸部和手部详写;脸部中，眼睛又详写，手部中，手的实情又详写，至于头部的鼻嘴和脸的下部只字未提。这样，就突出了闰土中年穷苦、麻木、近于木偶的个性特征。

(三)特征显示法

所谓特征显示法，就是在描写人物的外貌时，抓住所写的人物区别于其他人物特点的征象、标志，进行具体刻画，让其显示出来，以突出这个人物的这个特征，以至一提到某个特征，就会使人想到某个人物，是人物外貌描写最有效、给人印象最深刻的一种技巧。

运用特征显示法，关键是抓住人物的特征。选择特征的主要依据，就是这个人物最显眼而又与众不同的闪光点。特征的部位要因人而易，就初中课文而言，人物特征多体现在脸部，这是因为，人们写肖像一般都把主要笔墨用在脸上。例如《我的老师》中，对蔡芸芝先生的描写：“现在回想起来，她那时有十八九岁。右嘴边有揄钱大小一块黑痣。在我的记忆里，她是一个温柔和美丽的人。”这段文字共有三句话，先说老师的年龄，后说对她的总体印象，中间这句话就是特征描写，特征的集中显示就是与众不同的“黑痣”。“黑痣”的特点，一是位置，在“右嘴角边”;二是大小，与“榆钱”一般。通过前后两句的配合映衬，蔡芸芝先生的“黑痣”就显得十分突出，她的形象特征也因此而生动丰富，以致人们一提到脸上右嘴边榆钱大小的“黑痣”，就自然会想到：“你说的那就是蔡芸芝。”可见，这颗“黑痣”，不但没有损伤她的外貌，而且增加了这个人物形象的美学意韵，突出了她“温柔和美丽”的特点，给人以永久难忘的印象。

特征显示法的运用虽然很简单，一般只需一句话完成，但因为这句话是外貌描写的关键和精华所在，所以这句话的出现位置常常在中间。前有引渡，后有总结，前有铺垫，后有延伸，使之在众多语言，众多外貌内容中熠熠生辉。这就要讲究整个外貌描写的和谐性，既不能一写人物，首句就是特征，这会显得突兀，也不能外貌描写结束了，还不见人物特征，不能抓住特征，人物形象也就毫无特色。打个比方，整个人物外貌描写是“画龙”，而特征显示则是“点睛”。没有“点睛”之笔，没有人物特征显示，外貌描写等于失败。

人物特征的显示部位，不可能是完全相同的，即使同是像上文提到的“黑痣”，也有大小之差，有位置之异;即使是与蔡芸芝先生的“黑痣”位置大小色泽完全相同，还有个年龄之别、性别之差、性格之异。这种种差异表现在某一个人物身上，特征就鲜明突出了。因此，我们在写人物外貌时，要善于观察，善于比较，捕捉特征。这方面的例子，初中课本里还有很多。如《一面》中鲁迅的隶体“一”字胡须，《藤野先生》中藤野的“八”字胡须，《第二次考试》中陈伊玲笑起来的“鼻皱”，《普通的劳动者》中小李子从软胎帽舌底下掉出的“一绺头发”，等等。这些都是各自人物的显著特征，也都是特征显示法巧妙运用 的成功范例。

(四)逐步显现法

所谓逐步显现，就是通过作者或文中人物(多为“我”)的观察，来表现所写人物的外貌特征。具体运用有两种情况，一是被写者由远而近地向观察者走来，二是观察者由远而近地向被写者走去，而又以后者为多，因为观察者是主体，被写者是客体。通过距离远近的不同，来描写同一个时间里同一个人物略有差异的外貌，能充分表现出这个人物丰富的形象特征。

逐步显现法的鲜明特点，一是运用的文字频率至少在两次以上，二是描写的外貌要呈现一定的梯度， 这个梯度要与观察者由远而近的距离移动同步发展，犹如推摄镜头，最后是特写形象。例如，《一面》对鲁迅的外貌描写：

第一次：“坐在南首的是一个瘦瘦的、五十上下的中国人。穿一件牙黄的长衫，嘴里咬着一枝烟嘴，跟着那火光的一亮一亮，腾起一阵一阵烟雾。”这是在“我”进门时对鲁迅的第一次外貌描写。因为是“阴天”，“暗得很”，“我”又是从店里往“店后面长台子旁边”“望”去，距离较远，所以只能“模糊辨出”鲁迅先生的大概身形和基本特征，给人以总体印象。

第二次：“他的面孔黄里带白，瘦得教人担心，好像大病新愈的人，但是精神很好，没有一点颓唐的样子。头发约莫一寸长，显然好久没剪，却一根一根精神抖擞地直竖着。胡须很打眼，好像浓墨写的隶体‘一’字。”这是在鲁迅先生“走了出来”之后对他的第二次外貌展示，距离缩短拉近了，描写也清晰具体了。先写面孔，次写头发，再写胡须，把人物最显眼的外部特征，由整体到局部到细部，逐一展现在读者面前，突出了鲁迅的战斗精神。

第三次：“黄里带白的脸，瘦得教人担心;头上直竖着寸把长的头发;牙黄羽纱的长衫;隶体‘一’字似的胡须;左手里捏着一枝黄色烟嘴，安烟的一头已经熏黑了。”这是在“我”意外地听到鲁迅赠书的亲切话语，“惊异”地抬起头来看他时对他的第三次外貌描写。这是将近镜头化为特写镜头，“我”更仔细地端详着这位“不平常”的人，进一步赞颂了鲁迅先生坚毅、镇定、安详、乐观的战斗风格。

这三次肖像描写，一次比一次清晰，一次比一次深刻，一唱三叹，反复强调，尽情展示，纵情抒怀，使鲁迅先生的光辉形象，由远而近，越来越鲜明清晰，越来越完整高大 地矗立在我们面前，给人留下了深刻的印象。

运用这种方法要注意两点， 一要防止简单重复，先写的要概括些，粗线条勾勒，宏观展示，用墨应简略;后写的要具体些，细致些，微观描摹，用语应详尽。二是几次所写的外貌要有所区别，先少后多，逐渐增加，重点特征每次都要写到，以加深人们的印象，如《一面》写鲁迅的三次外貌，都写了“瘦”。

(五)粗笔勾勒法

所谓粗笔勾勒，原是一种绘画手法，近于速写，用在文学作品中，就是采用简单线条，粗略地把人物的主要特点，迅速地几笔描写出来。这种方法的特点，正好与“工笔细描法”相对，用语简略，运墨便利，几笔就勾勒出人物形象。如果是反面人物，又近于漫画，常用夸张手法。这种方法，多采用大手笔式的宏观描写，笔下的人物形象，常给人以粗线条、大轮廓、总特征的印象，至于人物肖像的细部内容，一般不作展示，即使有，也是点到为止，见好即收。

粗笔勾勒法在作品中的运用有两种情况。一是单一性，即文中只有一次很简单很粗略的描写。例如《小桔灯》中对主人公小姑娘的描写：“我掀开帘子，看见一个小姑娘，只有八九岁的光景，瘦瘦的苍白的脸，冻得发紫的嘴唇，头发很短，穿一身很破旧的衣裤，光脚穿一双草鞋，正在登上竹登想去摘墙上的听话器。”全文仅此一处外貌描写，它粗线条地勾勒出了小姑娘的外在特征，从头到脚，一句一个肖像内容，一句一个外貌部位，文句简明，给人以大概的印象。

二是多样性，即文中出现不止一次外貌描写，每次写的内容 又不尽相同，具有片断性和零散性，单独看来，是人物形象的某一两个方面，综合看来，又可以构成人物的整体面貌。但就某处描写而言，仍然是蜻蜓点水式的，是粗笔勾勒式的，例如《第二次考试》中对主人公陈伊玲的粗笔勾勒就达三次之多。第一次是：“嫩绿色的绒线上衣，咖啡色的西裤。”第二次是：“一双聪颖的眼睛显出黯然无神。”第三次是：“一张朝气蓬勃、叫人喜欢的脸，小而好看的嘴，明快单纯的眼睛，笑起来鼻翼稍稍皱起的鼻子。”这三次描写，第一次写衣着，第二次写眼睛，第三次写面部，每次所写的肖像内容各不相同，它们在文中出现的位置也有先后之分，但都是用简短的文字进行粗笔勾勒，轮廓式显现，而三次综合起来看，又可以互为补充，构成一个比较完整的形象。这种外貌描写，由于多次出现，可以加深读者对人物的印象。

运用粗笔勾勒法描写人物外貌，最大的优点就是简省笔墨，给人以总体形象。运用时，要注意两点：一是粗笔勾勒不等于描写模糊，不是隔着纱巾看人，给人的印象仍然是清晰的，鲜明的，实实在在的;二是粗笔勾勒虽具零散性，但要零而不碎，散而不乱，要有合理的顺序。

(六)着色点染法

所谓着色点染，就是将不同的色彩涂抹于所写的人物，在文学作品中，就是通过写色词语来表现人物的鲜明特征。着色的主要依据，是人物的性格特点，如鲁迅笔下的“闰土”“孔乙已”，都是下层人物，但着色就有区别，闰土终日劳动，因而脸色“灰黄”，孔乙已好逸恶劳，所以脸色“青白”，这就是他们的性格不同决定的。

人物着色的方法很多，既可以浓墨重彩，也可以轻描淡写;既可以多色搭配，也可以单色点染。总之要恰到好处，用色适度，自然成趣。着色点染法具体实施对象，不外乎三种情况：

一是施色于衣着，即对人物的衣冠鞋袜用色，突出人物的穿衣变化和生活习惯，进而表现人物的内心世界和思想性格。例如《傻二哥》中傻二哥的外貌，就侧重写了他的衣着及色彩：“白布中式上衣，黑色布裤。”用极为精短的文字，写出了傻二哥的简单穿着，不仅交代了上衣的款式和裤子的质料，而且对全身衣着的两种颜色，作了鲜明的点染，静写为主，上“白”下“黑”，上淡下浓，黑白分明，浓淡相宜，突出了傻二哥卖糖时朴实干净的特点。

二是着色于人体，即对人体的外露部位用色，突出人物的外部特征或变化，进而表现人物的内在特点，外露部分一般是指常露部分，最多用于着色的是头部，还有手、脚、腿、颈等，在特定的情况下，胸、背也可以外露，也可以着色点染。例如《榆钱饭》对丫姑的描写：“她把黑油油的大辫子七缠八绕地盘在脖子上，雪白的牙齿咬着辫梢儿，光了脚丫子。”这里，对丫姑的外部用了两种色彩：一是大辫子，“黑油油的”;二是牙齿，“雪白的”，用色与上一个例子相同，都是“黑”、“白”两色。但前者是写衣着，后者是写身体部位，前者静写，后者动写;而且这里用色还有强调，“黑”的情状“油油”，“白”的程度如“雪”，有形容有摹状，从而突出了丫姑粗野而又美丽的特点。

三是既着色于衣着，又着色于人体，二者同时具备，互相映衬，彼此关照，多方面地表现人物的性格特点。例如《潘虎》中对潘虎的外貌描写：“那大汉粗眉毛，大眼睛，满腮胡子，黑里透红的脸色，穿一身青布的普通对襟短装。”这里有两处颜色点染：一是脸色“黑里透红”，表明他健康、强悍、久经战阵，饱经风霜;二是短装“青”布，说明他穿着普通、简单、平常，而又有特色。通过这副外貌，不难看出，主人公分明是一个充满豪气、干练勇猛、粗犷豁达的农民英雄。

着色点染法的运用，要注意两点：一是讲究“点染”，与画龙点睛一般，几笔见神采，不可随意涂抹，搞得人物是”万紫千红“;二是讲究色调与人物整体外貌的和谐性，如潘虎，眉毛“粗”，眼睛“大”，再配色“黑里透红”，就很吻合。

(七)夸张渲染法

所谓夸张渲染，就是通过艺术夸张的手法，对人物外貌进行夸大的描写，以达到渲染的目的，增强艺术效果。

夸张渲染法的显著特点，是感情色彩鲜明，褒贬态度清楚，要么从正面涉笔，激情赞美，要 么从反面入手，无情嘲讽。正面涉笔的人物形象，总是高大的，鲜明突出的，给人以强烈的感染和巨大的鼓舞。《七根火柴》中对无名战士最后一次的外貌描写，就属于这种情况：“一切都像整个草地一样，雾蒙蒙的;只有那只手是清晰的，它高高的擎着，像一支路标，笔直地指向长征部队前进的方向……”这既是外貌描写，又是细节描写，集中体现在他那一只手上，对“手”的描写就有明显的夸张成分，它的高度，它的远度，“像一支路标”，近于舞台上的特写造型，显得高大鲜明，从而突出了无名战士的忘我献身、渴望胜利的坚强意志，读到这里，人们无不深受感染，倍受鼓舞。

夸张渲染法有时则通过联想或假设的方式，对某个实有人物或虚幻人物进行描写，达到尽情渲染，使读者获得深刻的印象。例如《盘古开天辟地》中对盘古的外貌捞写：“他口里呼出的气变成风和云，他的声音变成轰隆的雷霆，他的一只眼睛变成太阳，另一只眼睛变成月亮，他的手足和身躯变成大地的四极和五 方的名山，他的血液变成江河，他的筋脉变成道路，他的肌肉变成田土，他的头发变成天上的星星，他浑身的汗毛变成花草树木……”这段文字，抓住盘古外貌“变”的特点，想象丰富奇特，渲染色彩很浓，突出了盘古的伟大力量和他“开天辟地”的巨大神力，进而歌颂了劳动人民改造自然的斗争精神，给读者以不尽的联想和深刻的印象，夸张渲染取得了最佳效果。

运用夸张渲染法描写人物的外貌，初中语文课本里还有不少例子，如《皇帝的新装》中对皇帝穿着似有实无的“新装”游行时的外貌描写，夸张奇特，形象滑稽，荒唐可笑，巧妙绝伦。

运用夸张方法描写人物外貌，要根据不同的刻画对象，采取不同的手法，运用感情色彩不同的词语。对正面人物夸张，要显示出歌颂的特点;对反面人物夸张，要能加强讽刺的力量。写作中要 注意一点，就是夸张要适度，渲染要恰当，不能夸得过分，染得离谱，要符合人物的内在本质特点，符合人物的整体形象基调。

(八)虚实结合法

所谓虚实结合，就是在描写人物的外貌中，既有写实内容，又有虚的配合。写实，就是描写人物的现实外在特点，客观性比较强;写虚，就是通过一定的方式，来表现人物并不存在或联想中的外貌，主观性明显。虚以实为基础，没有实写，便无法虚现;实又往往需要虚来补充，来衬托。它们的共同目的就是通过虚实并呈，密切配合，来充实人物形象，丰富人物性格。

虚实结合法的运用，不外乎两种情况：

一是通过观察者的心理作用，来感觉人物的形象特点，或夸大，或缩小，或褒赞，或贬损，外貌之中饱含着感情，读后给人以强烈的感染。例如《一件小事》对“车夫”的描写：“我这时突然感到一种异样的感觉，觉得他满身灰尘的后影，刹时高大了，而且愈走愈大，须仰视才见。”这里就运用了虚实结合的写法。它有五个小句子，第一句引渡，交代下文外貌描写产生的原因;第二句写实，写车夫的”后影“，写后影的特点“满身灰尘”;后三个小句则是虚写， 写车夫“高大”的程度。一般情况下，人越走越远形象应该越小，而他却“愈走愈大”，大到“仰视才见”，宛如一座灯塔，一个巨人，超乎寻常，不同凡响，使人深受感染，把“我”放在陪衬的位置，突出了车夫形象的高大和品格的高 尚。

二是通过人物的回忆，来再现人物的形象特点，实际上是写实的外貌在另一种情境下的重新出现。这种方法，一般要通过联想来实现，其目的，是表达思念之情，加深读者印象。例如《背影》中对父亲的“背影”的描写就运用了这种技巧。文章先实写，在车站上亲眼看见父亲“戴着黑布小帽，穿着黑布大马褂，深青布棉袍”的“背影”，写得很具体。然后在结尾虚实：“我读到此处，在晶莹的泪光中，又看见那肥胖的、青布棉袍黑布马褂的背影。”这里只有一句话，通过读信，激发情感，热泪盈眶，联想外貌，再现形象，将远距离的人物拉至近前，既表达了作者急切盼望再见父亲一面的思念之情，又强调了父亲外貌的个性特征，突出了人物形象。

虚实结合，既可以虚和实紧密联在一起，同出于一处，像上面《一件小事》的例子，也可以虚和实各自成段，甚至相距很远，如上面《背影》的例子。但不管哪种情况，一般是先实后虚，因为实是基础，有了实，才可以有虚，失去了基础之实，虚也就无立足之地。写作时，要注意一点，就是要确定以谁为主，要么以实为主，以虚补充;要么以虚为主，以实映衬铺垫。

(九)对比突现法

所谓对比突现法，就是通过某个人物今昔外貌的不同或两个以上(包括两个)人物彼此外貌差异的对比，来突出人物性格的变化和命运的发展，突出主要人物的形象特征的方法。

运用这种方法有两种情况。一是进行横向外貌对比，即通过两个或两个以上不同人物外貌的不同描写，来突出主要人物的特点。人物之间的关系是并列的，形成一定的形象跨度，以突现某个重要人物或主要人物的性格特征和精神品质。如《花市》中所写的三个人物外貌，就运用了这种对比。先看那“老头”：“瘦瘦的，大约60多岁，白布褂子，紫花裤子，敞开怀，露着黑黑的结实的胸脯”，他有时“眨眨眼睛”，“捻着胡子”，若有所思，有时“咧着大嘴笑”，“呵呵的笑”。再看那“年轻人”：他“眉清目秀的干部打扮”，“手里摇着黑色纸扇”，“似笑非笑”，有时又 “哈哈大笑”，最后“睁大眼睛”，“气得脸色发白。”这两个人物的外貌，既有年龄上的对比，又有身份上的对比，还有情态上的对比，与此同时，作者还着力刻画了主角卖花姑娘的形象，与他们同样存在着对比，她的外貌是：“姑娘不过二十一二岁，生得细眉细眼，爱笑，薄薄的嘴唇很会谈生意”，她“手里拿着一块小花手娟，在怀里扇着风，冷冷地注视着年轻干部的行动。”这里，不难看出，老头纯朴憨厚，而性格刚直，年轻人见缝插针以钱势压人，小姑娘善做生意而讲究信用。在老头和年轻人这一正一反的对比衬托下，小姑娘心灵美与外表美和谐统一的可爱的形象得到了充分的展示。

二是进行纵向外貌对比，即通过某一个人物过去与现在外貌的不同描写，来突出人物的性格变化和命运的发展。例如《故乡》这篇小说，就写了闰土两个阶段的外貌特点，形成了鲜明的对比。第一次：“其间有一个十一二岁的少年，项带银圈，手捏一柄钢叉”，他“紫色的圆脸，头戴一顶小毡帽”。第二次：“他身材增加了一倍;先前的紫色的圆脸，已经变作灰黄，而且加上很深的皱纹，眼睛也像他父亲一样，周围都肿得通红……他头上是一顶破毡帽，身上只一件极薄的棉衣，浑身瑟索着;手里提着一个纸包和一支长烟管，那手也不是我所记得的红活圆实的手，却又粗又笨而且开裂，像是松树皮了。”这两次外貌描写，都写到脸部，头部和手部，对比的内容也主要体现在这三个方面，通过闰土今昔脸色的不同，所戴帽子的差别以及手部特点和手中物件的各异，展示了闰土命运的巨大变化，突出了中年闰土的悲惨情景。

运用对比描写人物外貌应注意一点，就是要有重点。两次或两次以上的描写不能平分秋色、同等重要，要有所侧重。要把最能表现人物本质特点、最能反映主题的那个方面作为重点详写，其他略写。

(十)服饰烘衬法

所谓服饰烘衬法，就是通过描写人物的衣着以及装饰，来烘托和陪衬人物的性格特点，是刻画人物的基本方法之一。一个人的服饰是其外表的东西，它与人物的性格特征，与人物的身世、处境、心态和思想有着密切的关系，什么样的人穿什么样的衣服，佩什么样的服饰，是有规可循，很有讲究的。客观生活如此，文学作品中描写人物外貌也应如此。

用服饰烘衬法描写人物外貌，要做到以下三点：

一是要有一定的顺序。人们的服饰虽千变万化，但位置却大体相同。先写哪个后写哪个，要考虑周全，或从上到下，或由服到饰，要根据不同人物的不同服饰，来确定合理的顺序。这样，才能使读者对所写的人物有一个层次清晰的印象。例如《老杨同志》对老杨的服饰描写：“他头上箍着块白手巾，身上是白小布衫深蓝裤，脚上穿着半旧的硬鞋至少也有二斤半重。”这里，写人物的服饰就很有层次。它是按照从上到下的顺序来写的，先写“头上”，再写“身上”，最后写“脚上”;写身上是先写上身“衫”后写下身“裤”，从而突出了老杨同志艰苦朴素，关心群众这一可亲可敬的形象。

二是要进行服饰比较。人是活动的变化的，在不同的时间不同的场合下，人们的服饰也会不同，服饰的不同又反映了人们的外貌不同和性格变化。写好这些服饰的变化，也就能表现出人物的变化。例如《故乡》中的闰土，少年时，“头戴一顶小毡帽，颈上套一个明晃晃的银项圈”，显得健康、淳朴、充满朝气;中年时，“头上是一顶破毡帽，身上只一 件极薄的棉衣，浑身瑟索着。”原先的少年闰土全然不见了，一个饱经风霜、受尽剥削，在困厄中苦苦挣扎而又显得麻木的中年闰土出现在读者面前。这一效果。就是通过人物服饰今昔的差异比较显示出来的。

三是要有重点。服饰描写，不能从头至脚无一遗漏，那样，既易落入俗套，又显得繁杂，这就要抓住重点，突出重点。重点的确定要因人而易，最能表现人物 性格和本质特点的服饰一定要写，详写，反之，略写即可，甚至不写。例如散文《背影》中“我”的父亲，他的特点是慈爱善良而生活俭朴，为了表现他的这一特点，作者就着重写了他的衣着，而且是从背后来写的：“戴着黑布小帽，穿着黑布大马褂，深青布棉袍。”而且，先后展示了两次。至于他的鞋裤等，就没有用墨。这就抓住了特征，抓住了重点，突出了“父亲”对儿子的挚爱和生活的质朴。

用服 饰烘衬法描写外貌，是为刻画人物性格、塑造人物形象服务的，运用时要有所选择，不能张冠李戴， 李服张穿。如老杨同志那二斤半重的“硬鞋”，绝不能穿到闰土的脚上，朱自清父亲的那件“黑布大马褂”，也不能穿到中年闰土身上，要讲究服饰与人物身份和性格的一致性。

Dear Editor.

I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we havehad about whether an entrance

fee should be charged for parks.

Dear editor,

I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. 60% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee do not meet people’s expectations, for a park is considered to be a place where the public can have a good time when they are not busy either at home or at work. If an entrance fee must be paid by the visitors for a park, it will be necessary to build a gate and surrounding walls. In the end a city will take on a bad look. 40% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee can be accepted, but it must not be too expensive. The money from ticket selling can be used for paying the gardeners in the park and buying some other kinds of flowers and trees.

With regard to myself, I think an entrance fee is useful, for it can be used to protect a park. Do we share the same opinion, dear editor?

Yours truly,

Li Hua

假设你是李华，你的英国网友Peter希望了解一下我国高考英语试卷（NMET）中的“短

文改错”（Error Correction）题型的情况。请你写一封回复邮件。并特别强调自己某一次因为没有严格按照要求答题被扣掉了本可得到的7分。

注意：1．词数100左右

2．内容请参照本卷该大题内容。

3．生词：（打）勾：tick 分：point 逻辑（的）：logic

Hi, Peter:

Thanks for your e-mail. Here I’m going to tell you what you asked about.

Error Correction, as the 1st section of Written Part of NMET, mainly tests the mastery of the use of words and grammar of English. The understanding of the given text is course important to the performance.

There are 10 numbered lines, each of which may have one mistake. You have to decide firstly whether there is a mistake or not. If not, put a tick in the numbered blank. If there is a mistake, you may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change word. You have to find out the mistakes in the use of words and/or grammar. Sometimes there may be a logic problem, which would be the most difficult.

Last time I got 7 points less than expected. Why? I didn’t put the answers strictly following the rule, although I did know how to do it.

Anything still unclear? Just write to me.

嗨，彼得：

谢谢你的邮件。在这里我要告诉你，你问。

误差校正，作为高考英语笔试部分第一部分，主要测试词汇和语法的掌握英语的使用。对文本的理解是很重要的。

一共有10株，其中可能有一个错误。首先你要确定是否有错误。如果没有，空格的空白。如果有一个错误，你可以添加一个词，划掉一个字，或改变的话。你要找到的词语或语法错误使用。有时可能会有一个逻辑问题，这将是最困难的。

上次我得了7分，比预期的少。为什么？我没有把答案的严格规则，虽然我不知道如何去做。

还不清楚什么呢？就给我写信。

1：排比入题，先声夺人

生活如酒，或芳香，或浓烈，因为诚实，它变得醇厚;生活如歌，或高昂，或低沉，因为守信，它变得悦耳;生活如画，或明丽，或素雅，因为诚信，它变得美丽。

(《因诚信酿造生活》)

排比，能增加文章气势，朗朗上口，使文章富有节奏感和音韵美。用来状物，能景象纷呈;用来叙事，能酣畅淋漓;用来说理，能气势磅礴;用来辩论，能排山倒海;用来抒情，能汪洋恣肆。

2：整散交错，灵巧入题

若能掬起一捧月光，我选择最柔和的;若能采来香山红叶，我选择最艳丽的;若能摘下满天星辰，我选择最明亮的。也许你会说，我的选择不是最好，但我的选择，我相信。

(《我的选择，我喜欢》)

整散句结合，能使句式灵活多变，增添文章旋律感和音韵美，给人一种审美感受。开头用"月光"—"柔和"、"红叶"—"艳丽"、"星辰"—"明亮"构成铺排，色彩鲜明，有先"色"夺人之妙，兼具音韵之美。

3：引文入题，典雅厚重

清代张潮《出梦影》中有言："菊以渊明为知己，梅以和靖为知己，竹以子猷(yǒu)为知己。"当面对大海;面对着这片蔚蓝;我不禁想到：海以何人为知己呢?(《面对大海》)

引用前人文句，顺着引文的文气，巧妙引出话题。

4：细腻描绘，形象入题

我曾用水的眼睛审视生活，生活也曾如秋水般阴郁、遥远。阳光透过枫林洒下来，我顺着光束向上望，却似乎又看到一望无际的蒹葭，雾雪般的白色，水草般的柔软。在一片渺渺中我看到了妈妈的眼睛，看到了当年妈妈做出选择的那一刹那。(《让睫毛载来爱，载来幸福》)

中描述性语言往往容易流于刻板和平淡，但如果考生能巧妙抓住特征，注意借鉴，灵活地加以创新，则能打破描绘的刻板和叙述的平淡，让形象的描述飘逸出令人心荡神驰的诗情画意

5：警句突现，启迪入题

生是偶然，死是必然。生与死，除了那几声欢呼，几阵痛哭外，便再没了别的。那么，生与死之间的——生命呢?(《生命是什么》)

警句式的开篇令人注目。"生是偶然，死是必然，生死之间是生命"。凝练、平易、深刻、精辟。

6：对话开篇，引人入胜

一代高僧弘一法师涅磐前对从弟子说："你看看我的牙齿，怎么样?""都掉光了。""那以舌呢，还在吗?""还在。""所以说，坚韧的东西总是比坚硬的东西强"。(《坚韧——我追求的品格》)

一则深透禅机的对话，引出了"坚韧"的内涵，推出了文章的观点

7：事例开篇，简洁铺陈

选择是难的，更何况是心灵的选择。高渐离为了荆轲，他选择了死;马本斋的母亲为了革命，她选择了牺牲;祝英台为了真挚的爱情，她选择了化蝶。在这友情、亲情与爱情之间的选择，他们是这样做的——(《生死之间》)

文章开头以名人事迹简洁铺陈：高渐离为友情选择了死亡，用自己的头颅捍卫了"士为知已者死"的至理名言，成为千古奇士;马本斋的母亲选择献身，用自己的至情——博大母爱以殉人间大义，为儿子也为后人树起一座人格丰碑;祝英台选择了化蝶，用自己的灵魂升华了梁山伯的爱情，为有情人的天长地久树立了楷模。

8：对称开篇，整齐明快

在蝶的眼中，花是天使，因为花给予她生命的甘露在花的眼中，蜂是挚友，因为蜂给予她生命的延续。(《学会历史般的旁观》)

文章开头用一组对称句子，赋予蝶、蜂、花人的性情，通过生动贴切的拟人手法，形式与内容达到完美的统一。体现了考生高超的语言技巧。

9：诗词开篇，凸显底蕴

"剪不断，理还乱，是离愁，别是一番滋味在心头"，这是李后主的感悟;"莫道不销魂，帘卷西风，人比黄花瘦，"这是李清照的感受;"轻轻地我走了，正如我轻轻地来，我轻轻地挥手，作别西天的云彩"，这是徐志摩的不舍;"人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全"，这又是苏东坡的坦荡……(《美丽的离别》)

一、看清题目创新意写作文首先要看清题目，在审题时，要多想，多琢磨，不要马上动笔。如写《一件好事》这样的老题目，你要避开帮助婆婆拎东西，推车等人家可能会写的内容;而用以小见大的方法，选更新鲜的材料，如有一位同学，去看署假去山里的亲家作客，与山里的小朋友成了"铁哥们"的事，写出了《我与山娃子交朋友》的好文章。

二、逆向思维引新意要想文章写常新，对文章的题意进行逆向思维，也是写出新意的一种有效方法。所谓逆向思维，就是不顺着题目的意思，而来个变化，甚至否定如一位同学《家里装了电话机》的作文，就不像大家一样，尽写电话机好，而写了电话机带来的烦恼，使作文很有新意。

三、贴近生活触新意文章要有新意，小作者的思想必须要贴近生活，这样才能有新的认识，新的感受。如农村改革开放的十十年，乡镇企业的崛起，农村市场的开辟，旅游景点的开发，这些都是寻找新内容新感受的好地方。有的小朋友写出了《外婆和bp机》、《我家的“奥迪”》、等好作文，都是这样产生的。

四、变换手法创新意对同样的作文内容，要变着法子去写，避免表现类同、角度、变换方法，步入后尘。这就要我们开始脑筋变换，变换材料，语言等来写出新意。如同样写改革开放使我家生活富裕了，有一位小朋友从语文课文《数鸡》得到启发，写了《数机》竟数出了家里有32只“机”(家用电器)，使人耳目一新。

五、科学联想创新意写作文，当然要以起初为依据，但只要是合理的，也是真实的。作文一旦有了丰富想象加入，就会海阔天空、色彩斑澜。其实，想象的产生也是从现实生活中获取“灵感”的。“想象作文”同样需要以现实生活为基础，而不是凭空“瞎想”。所以只要我们在作文时能大胆地去联想、推想、假想、猜想，往往会新意创出。

书信的种类很多，常见的有一般书信和专用书信两种，应用于作文常采用一般书信，因为一般书信的应用范围极其广泛，如政治、学术、文艺、家务、世俗、人情世故等各方面。所以书信可以议论，可以抒情，可以描写，可以叙事。它的针对性强，形式灵活。行文时可以与过去、未来和现实中的一切人交流，也可以和文学作品中的人物交谈，表达自己对政治、世界和人生的看法。此外，书信还有固定的格式;称呼、问候、正文、结尾语、具名、日期。它的语言要简明，口语化，还要考虑收信人的身份、经历、文化水平等方面的特点等。

书信体作文除了要符合书信格式外，正文部分谋篇布局相对灵活，内容方面可以写一件事，也可以写多件事，甚至可讲座问题。因为书信体作文一般用来与别人交流沟通，所以便于抒发感情。

由于书信体作文既能考查考生对应用文写作格式的掌握，又能考查考生的写作水平，因而受到了设题者的青睐。为让考生掌握书信体作文的写作技巧,下面小编为大家整理了书信作文的写作技巧，仅供参考。

一、要注意书信的格式和要求

书信的格式主要包括称呼、正文、结尾、署名和日期五部分。

称呼要从第一行顶格写起，后面加冒号，冒号后不要写字。

正文通常以问候语开头。问候语最常见的有“您好!”“近好!”根据时令节气的不同，问候语也有所变化，如“新年好!”“春节愉快!”问候语要写在称呼的下一行，前面空两格，一般自成一段。也有的不写问候语，而是直接进入正文内容。

正文部分要明确写信的主旨，做到有条有理、层次分明。如同时要写几件事，必须做到主次分明，有头有尾，详略得当，最好是一件事一个段落。

结尾要写上表示敬意、祝愿或勉励的话。正文写完之后，可空两格写“此致”，转一行顶格写“敬礼”;如不写“此致”，只写“敬礼”、“安好”、“健康”、“平安”等词，一定要另起一行空两格，不能直接缀写在正文的末尾。

二、要注意拟定新颖别致的标题

书信最常见的标题是“给××的一封信”。为了使标题新颖别致，可引用或化用名言、警句与歌词;可运用比喻或拟人等修辞手法;也可运用副标题与正标题相互辉映。如，《“老鼠爱大米”——给人类的一封信》，这个标题既引用了歌词，又巧妙运用了副标题，副标题与正标题互为补充，相互辉映。

三、要注意诉说对象和抒情性的特点

写书信，一定要注意诉说的对象，因为给不同的对象写信时，所谈的内容是不同的，抒发的感情和使用的语气等也是不相同的。只有弄清了写作对象，所写的书信才会符合要求，才会不跑题。

书信体最大的特点是抒情性很强。为了更好地表达情感，考生可突破一般书信叙述语多的写作窠臼，大胆地进行创新。如，可精选一些感人的事例，叙议结合;可选用意蕴深刻的词语，恰当抒发感情;可运用不同的句式，以增强文章的感染力。书信的内容做到了丰富、深刻、感情真挚，自然能引起读者的共鸣，从而能获得高分。

良好的开端等于成功的一半，下面是小编整理的高考英语写作基础知识，欢迎阅读。

一. 开头用语：

良好的开端等于成功的一半.在写作文时，通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说, 直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求，点出文章的中心思想。

1.议论文：

A. Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages.

B. Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient.

C. When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However,...

D. Opinions are divided on(关于) the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside.

E. As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life.

F. Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view.

2. 书信：

A. I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar.

B. I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job...

C. Thank you for your letter of May 5.

D. How happy I am to receive your letter of January 9.

E. How nice to hear from you again!

3. 口头通知或介绍情况：

A. Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.

(词典例子：Can I have your attention please?请注意听我讲话好吗?)

B. Attention, please. I have something important to tell you.

C. Mr. Green, Welcome to our school. To begin with, let me introduce Mr. Wang to you.

4. 演讲稿：

A. Ladies and gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject -- A Balanced Diet and Health.

(词典解释：be/feel honoured to do sth=feel proud and happy做某事感到荣幸

例子：I was honoured to have been mentioned in his speech. 他在讲话中提到了我，真是荣幸。)

B. Good morning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest.

(词典解释：extend=to offer or give sth to sb 提供;给予

例子：I’m sure you will join me in extending a very warm welcome to our visitors. 我肯定你们会同我一起向来访者表示热烈的欢迎。)

(词典解释：allow me=used to offer help politely (礼貌地表示主动帮忙)让我来

二.并列用语：

as well as, not only…but (also), including,

A. Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily life.

B. All of us, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture.

C. He speaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French as well.=He speaks not only English but also French.

D. E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.

三.对比用语：

on the one hand---, on the other hand---, on the contrary/contrary to ..., though, for one thing, for another; nevertheless

A. I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid pictures.

B. It is hard work; I enjoy it, though.

C. Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun.

(词典：contray to sth 与之相异的，相对的，相反的

Contrary to popular belief, many cats dislike milk. 与普通的想法相反，许多猫并不喜欢牛奶。)

四. 递进用语：

even, besides, what’s more, as for, so…that…, worse still, moreover, furthermore; but for, in addition, to make matters worse

A. The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location.

In winter, when I was not aware of, quietly coming. Christmas day, the happy holiday, without slipping away again. Christmas is a fairy tale, inside it there is a beautiful story. And my favorite, it is the more beautiful, more moving "Santa Claus" fairy tale.

Tiny, mom and dad told me: "the night before Christmas, Santa Claus will send Christmas gifts to the children. However, Santa Claus will only send to obedient child, not obedient child, can not receive." Around Christmas, therefore, I will be very obedient, clever, just for get the so-called Christmas gifts. Young, I never know that this is just a mom and dad in order to satisfy my little wish and make up a white lie.

冬天，在我还没有察觉到的时候，悄悄地来临了;圣诞节，这个快乐的节日，不经儿又悄悄地溜走了。圣诞节，是童话，它里面蕴藏着一个个美丽的故事。而我最爱的，是那个更美丽、更动人的“圣诞老人”的童话。

很小很小的时候，爸爸妈妈就告诉我：“在圣诞夜里，圣诞老人会给小朋友们送圣诞礼物。不过，圣诞老人只会送给听话的孩子，不听话的孩子，可收不到哦。”因此，在圣诞节前后，我都会很听话、乖巧，为的只是得到那所谓的圣诞礼物。年幼的我，却不曾知道，这只是爸爸妈妈为了满足我那小小心愿而编出的善意的谎言。

个性化，是创新思维的一个最基本特征。半命题作文获得高分，固然像其它形式的作文考题一样，取决于考生的作文是否有多个“亮点”，小编收集了2017年高考作文指导：半命题作文命题技巧有哪些，欢迎阅读。

半命题作文是作文考题的一种常见形式，由于其处在“命”与“非命”，“限制”与“非限制”之间，考生对题目还具有“一半”，甚至是“一多半”的自主选择权，自主发挥、自由驰骋的空间还相当大。此外，有的话题作文其“话题”本身就包含了太多的“半命题元素”，实际上可称为“准半命题作文”，如以“感悟”、“渴望”、“珍惜”、“关爱”等为话题的作文，考生只需在“话题”前后补上一个巧妙新颖的词或短语即可动笔成文。

由于半命题作文有“限”的一面，考生中最常见的毛病便是拟题雷同。拟题雷同的现象在半命题作文中十分突出，写出的作文“撞车机率”也相当高。比如，半命题作文《难忘的》，极易雷同的拟题是《难忘的一天》、《难忘的假期生活》等，相当多的考生似乎只有“一天”、只有“假期生活”是“难忘的”;写《当我面对的时候》这一半命题作文时，题目拟为《当我面对挫折的时候》、《当我面对成功的时候》的作文便会成批出现，要“面对”的似乎不是“挫折”就是“成功”。试想，思维闭塞，缺乏创新，都是按照同样的思路去命题，岂有不出现“千人一面”、千“空”一“词”的拟题雷同现象!

其次是拟题宽泛，难以下笔。以《感悟》这一半命题作文来说，《感悟大自然》、《感悟青春》这类既无新意、涵盖范围又过大的拟题比比皆是，要“感悟”的惟“大自然”、“青春”是大。显然，拟出这样的题目，写起来不易把握，只能泛泛而谈，要写深写透很难，且不说内容的创新，连“标题”这一被称为作文的“第一张示人的面孔”也未能画好，实在可惜。

再次是考生对原题“补词”的随意性。半命题作文的拟题之所以会出现上面提到的“一窝蜂”的拟题现象，一个很重要的原因是不少考生看到半命题作文题时，不能根据所选材料确定一个最佳的词语或短语来将题目“补充完整”，也就是不能很好地将“选材”与“补词”同时加以考虑，而是匆匆提笔信手“补词”，前面提到的在半命题作文《难忘的》、《当我面对》后补上“一天”、“假期生活”和“成功”、“失败”这类词，不难看出“补词”的随意性。

总之，考生在拟题时不能充分利用半命题作文具有的“自我命一半题”这一有利条件，因“势”利“导”，仅仅着眼于内容是否“好写”，是否“耳熟能详”，而不是是否“写得好”，是否“能出新”，这种“先天不足”，势必导致自己拟的题目反“将”了自己“一军”，不是所拟题目限制了自己的手脚，思路打不开，就是拟题涵盖宽泛，想写的内容太多，不知从何入手。

个性化，是创新思维的一个最基本特征。半命题作文获得高分，固然像其它形式的作文考题一样，取决于考生的作文是否有多个“亮点”，是否张扬了个性，而拟一个切旨、切体，又求真、求趣的“亮丽”标题是十分重要的。拟标题，是考生遗词造句、概括能力等语文素质和能力的重要体现，要拟出富有创意的标题，必须打破惯有的思维定势，积极进行发散思维、逆向思维，必须多方位、多角度“出击”。常见的有如下几种拟题法：

一、抽象事物拟题法。这种拟题方式是化具体为抽象，便于抒写自己内心复杂的情感。以《当我面对的时候》为例，可以《当我面对虚荣的时候》为题，敞开心扉抒写自己对心灵的拷问;可以《当我面对他*的唠叨的时候》为题，叙写自己对母爱的独特感受。《感悟》则可以《感悟初三生活》为题，抒写对紧张、忙碌的“冲刺阶段”的学习生活的种种体验;可以《感悟春天》为题，豪情满怀地谱写充满勃勃生机的春的乐章。此外，像《寻找心灵的伊甸园》、《寻找人生的方程解》、《我好想有一片蓝天》等用的也是此种拟题法。

二、具体事物拟题法。这种以具体事物入题的方式可以以小见大，使选材新颖具体。如上面提到的半命题作文《难忘的》，可填上“一条红丝带”，叙写关爱他人，关注生命的动人一幕;《当我面时候》，可填上“那片绿叶”，托物言志，抒写自己愿做绿叶、无私奉献的情操;也可填上“那座荒山”，呼吁绿化荒山，爱护家园，加强环境保护。此外，像《我好想早点结束这堂课》、《我好想有一个温暖的家》、《寻找爱的猪》等，均为具体事物拟题法。

三、特定情景拟题法。这种拟题方式新颖别致，能创设一种特定氛围，给人一个让思絮飘逸、遐想的空间，极易引发人们丰富的联想。如《我好想再看你一眼》、《我好想当一天老师的“好学生”》、《当我面对心灵的抉择的时候》、《当我面对寒风凛冽的时候》、《我梦见范进参加中考》、《我梦见妈妈下岗》等标题采用的便是此种拟题法。前面提到的《当我面对的时候》这一半命题作文，若一定要选“成功”或“失败”的作文材料，采用特定情景拟题法，将题目拟为《当我面对掌声响起的时候》、《当我面对鲜红的“58分”的时候》等，便会获得另外一种奇妙的效果。

四、条块分割拟题法。这种拟题法是从形式上来说的。为避免半命题作文拟题或内容上的严重“撞车”，不妨依据所选的体裁，将内容“裁”成几个小“条块”，犹如裁缝剪布料一样，样式剪裁得新颖得体，穿起来就会赏心悦目，使人获得美的享受。如某考生的半命题作文《寻找失落的昨日》，将“昨日”一分为三，用小标题“镜头一”、“镜头二”、“镜头三”逐一“回放”给读者。另一考生的《感悟生活中的美》，则是先设一“题记”，下拟三组小标题：“母爱之美”、“劳动之美”、“运动之美”，截取生活的三个画面，表现对美的热爱和感悟。再如《关注我们的家》这一关注大自然、抒写环保之歌的半命题作文，巧妙借用马致远《天净沙?秋思》中“枯藤老树昏鸦”、“小桥流水人家”、“古道西风瘦马”三句写秋景的名句做小标题，这种拟题形式富有创意，实在是新得“逼你的眼”。此外，“病历杂文体”、“几何证明式”、“访谈体”、“日记体”等体裁形式的作文，在拟题上也是大有文章可作。

五、特殊符号拟题法。此法是借用数学、物理和化学等学科特殊符号或公式来拟题，适合于涉及几种因素、内容上相互关联的作文。这类标题的作文在行文中必须恰当地体现公式符号与社会现象、某种道理的契合点，使形式和内容统一。如以《当我面对“?”的时候》为题，来表达自己对社会上种种时弊的质疑;以《当我面对“A”、“B”、“C”的时候》为题，抒写自己对学习英语的乐趣和享受;以《当我面对“1”(哆)、“2”(来)、“3”(咪)的时候》为题，抒写自己对立音乐的感悟。此外，《我好想得到一个“A+”》、《感悟8—1>8》、《明天，我飞向β行星》等，这类题目形象生动，醒人耳目。

总之，题贵新颖，半命题作文的拟题追求的同样是务求准确、生动而有魅力。只要平时注意积累文化知识，正确理解半命题作文的“另一半”提示、“另一半”导引的内涵，并且掌握一定的拟题技巧，就能拟出让读者“怦然心动”、击节叫好而一见钟情的好标题。

：

一个句子必须按照一定的模式来组织，这个模式称为句式。下面是语文迷为大家提供的高考英语写作优秀句式，供大家参考。

1) on the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

2) due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

3) since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

4) furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

5) from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

6) there is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

7) According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

8) The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

9) No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

10) People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

11) An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

12) When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

13) Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

14) Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

15) An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

16) Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

17) There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

18) An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

19) A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

20) Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

21) Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

22) In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

23) The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

24) It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

25) Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

26) No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

27) People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

28) In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

29) In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

30) We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

31) People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

32) The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

33) Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

34) This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

35) For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

36) Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

37) This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

38) Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

39) Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

40) In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

41) Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

42) Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

43) Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

44) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

45) There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

46) This issue has caused wide public concern.

47) It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

48) A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

49) As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

50) It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

51) Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

52) It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

53) For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

54) There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

55) This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

56) Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

57) In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

58) Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

59) In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

60) It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

61) Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

62) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

63) Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

64) There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

65) Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

66) However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

67) Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

68) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

69) Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

70) Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

71) But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

72) Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

73) Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

74) From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

75) Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

76) There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

77) An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

78) It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

79) Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

80) Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

81) Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

82) An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

83) For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

84) For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

85) There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

86) By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

87) Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

88) Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

89) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

90) These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

一、认真审题，切中题意

《中考考试说明》指出，书面表达要切中题意。看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容，在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，审清格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。

二、围绕中心，拟定提纲

书面表达评分原则有四条：(1)内容要点;

(2)运用词汇和结构的数量;

(3)运用语法结构和词汇的准确性;(4)上下文的连贯性。

由此可见，要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。注意短文字数不要低于或超过规定的字数太多。

三、语言通顺，表达准确

(1)避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用

自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。

(2)多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当地使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。

(3)注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。(4)描写人物时，要生动具体，例如：①外表特征：tall，short，fat，thin，strong，weak，ordinary-looking等;②内心境界：

glad，happy，sad，excited，anxious，interested等;③感情描写：love，like，hate，feel，laugh，cry，smile，shout等;④动作描写：come，go，get，have，take，bring，fetch等。

(5)上下文要连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，同学们应注意下面过渡的用法：①表示并列关系的过渡词：and，aswellas，or等;②表示转折关系的过渡词：but，yet，however等;③表示时间关系的过渡词：first，andthen，

finally，after，before，atlast，atthattime，later，inthepast，immediately，inthe

meanwhile等;④表示空间关系的过渡词：near(to)，far(from)，inthefrontof，beside等;⑤表示比较关系的过渡词：inthesameway，justlike，justas等;⑥表示对照关系的过渡词：but，still，yet，however，ontheotherhand等;⑦表示递进关系的过渡词：also，and，then，too，inaddition，moreover，again等;⑧表示因果关系的过渡词：because，since，then，thus，otherwise，so，therefore，asaresult等;⑨表示解释说明的过渡词：forexample，infact，inthiscase，for，actually等。

四、不会表达，另辟蹊径

中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定，不以文采打分。造句越简单准确越好，造复合句容易出错，容易被扣分，阅卷场上有句话：“错误面前人人平等，文采好不加分。”如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。

五、锦上添花，量力而行

如果你还有时间和精力，想把书面表达写得更好，那么，请注意以下几点：(1)句型多样化，不要i(we)……到底，使人觉得乏味;(2)适当使用一些并列句或主从复合句;(3)进一步描绘人或事物时，适当使用定语从句;(4)适当使用分词或分词短语，烘托谓语动词;(5)偶尔使用一下倒装句，增加新鲜感;(6)适当调换一下状语在句子中的位置，使句子不雷同;(7)上下句子紧接时，其中完全相同的成分可以省略，以节省篇幅。

六、书写工整，卷面整洁

字迹要清晰，让阅卷人看得清楚，不可字迹潦草，难以辨认，要保持卷面的整洁。

七、检查错误

检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：(1)格式是否有错;(2)拼写有无错误;(3)语言是否用错;(4)时态、语态错误;(5)标点错误;(6)人称是否用错。

总之，只要平时同学们多练习写作并有意运用上述方法和技巧，合理分配时间，在中考时一定能写出高质量的作文，得到令人满意的考分。

Today is your day to relax and let us take care of you. Happy Mothers Day.

今天是您休息的日子，让我们来照顾您。母亲节快乐。

We will try to make this your best Mothers Day ever.

我们将努力使今天成为您过得最愉快的母亲节。

On this day we honor you, dear mother.

亲爱的妈妈，我们向您致敬。

Where would we be without you, mom?

妈妈，没有您我们将流落何方呢?

On this day we all sit back and think about how much our mothers do for us.

在这一天，我们将会抽空休息一下，想想妈妈们帮我们做了多少事。

Ive tried many times to tell you, but Ill say it again: I love you mother.

我已经告诉您许多次了，但是我将再说一次：我爱您，妈妈。

Though it is hard to tell you sometimes, I do love you dearly, mom.

虽然有时要告诉您并不太容易，但是我真的非常爱您，妈妈。

We will try to make this your best Mother’s Day ever.

我们将努力使今天成为您过得最愉快的母亲节.

我也许并不常挂在嘴上，但我真正爱您。

There are little things that I should have said and done to show my gratitude, but it is appreciated what you do.

尽管我为表示谢意所说的和所做的都那么少，但同样也是表达对您所做一切的感激之情。

I dont take the time to tell you this often, but I love you, mom.

虽然我经常没有时间告诉您，但我真的爱您，妈妈。

Sometimes I cry and make you sigh, but you know that I love you so.

有时候我哭泣而使您叹息，但您却知道，我是如此地爱您。

To mother on Mothers Day: Thank you for all of the wonderful things that you h ave done for me.

母亲节给妈妈：谢谢您为我做了那么多奇妙的事。

Today is your day to relax and let us take care of you. Happy Mother’s Day.

今天是您休息的日子,让我们来照顾您.母亲节快乐.

On this day we honor you, dear mother.

亲爱的妈妈,我们向您致敬.

更多英语写作材料共享：

The world is colorized， every color has its special meaning。 Red stands for

passion， green symbolizes peace， blue indicates calmness， white signifies

purity。 The painters can use their colors to outline the while world， the

cameraman can shoot the mixed world by their camera。 The rainbow is made up of 7

colors。 The white contents 7 colors。 The tricolor， posed by red， yellow， and

blue， can produce every color in the world。 In the variety of colors， I like

white most， not only it is a simply color， but also it is a symbol of neatness。

The white is the most popular color in wedding， because it stands for the pure

love。 The snow is white， it symbolizes the beautiful angel drop to our world。

Another reason， I like white most， is that it indicates blank。 You can image all

on it。