老龄化

老龄化现象The Aging Phenomenon

The Family Plan has been adopted for several years, most of the young generation are only child because their parents follow the government’s policy. Over more than 30years, most family are made up of grandparents, parents and a child. Here comes the problem, the society is facing an aging situation, more and more people are getting old while the young people are less. For a typical family, four grow-ups are at the age of over 40 with a young kid less than 20years old. The aging society is getting more and more obvious, such phenomenon has been catch mass media’s attention. The policy of one child has been doubted, it has been strongly advised that a family is allowed to raise two kids. I totally agree with that, it not only bring happiness to family, but also relieve the pressure of aging problem.

计划生育已经执行了很多年了，年轻一代大都是独生子，因为他们的父母执行国家的计策。30多年过去了，很多家庭是由祖父母，父母和一个孩子组成。问题也出现了，社会面临着老龄化处境，很多人变老，然而年轻人却少。对与一个典型的家庭来说，四个成年人已过四十和一个不到20岁的孩子。老龄化社会越来越突出，这样的现象引起了大众媒体的注意。一个孩子的政策遭到了质疑，强烈一个家庭应该允许有2个孩子。我完全同意，这不仅给家庭带来欢乐，而且减轻了老龄化问题的压力。

许多国家在下一世纪将经历人口老龄化，由于出生率下降和死亡率。中国将很快加入他们的行列。据统计，中国人口老龄化，到下世纪中叶将接近高峰，超出60占总数的27。4%，年龄的人的百分比。这意味着，每四个人将老人。

由于老龄化问题，其情况已越来越多的事实，但日益严重的大多数人带来的问题仍然一无所知。首先，与家庭变得更小，生活的步伐不断升级，甚至更严重的家庭充分照顾岁成员。其次，老龄化导致的人少，以支持增加的老人的劳动人口的相对下降。因此，一定程度上影响整个社会的生产力。第三，也是最重要的是，中国的人口老龄化导致的成功实行计划生育的不同步，与国家的经济进步。

人口老龄化的速度，采取反措施的迫切。毫无疑问，他们的关键是建立一个坚实的经济基础。同时，应附的重要性，社会的全面进步，改变落后的情况下，在社会保障，福利和服务。更重要的是，家庭保健和社区服务也应予以鼓励。

老龄化也成为困扰中国的一个问题。国家统计局数据显示，2014年中国60岁及以上老人2.12亿人，占总人口比例为15.5%;65岁以上人口数为1.37亿人，占比10.1%。

国家统计局数据显示，自2012年以来，中国15岁至59岁的劳动年龄人口连续三年下降，仅2012年当年劳动年龄人口绝对数就减少了345万。

改革开放以来，人口红利是中国经济持续快速增长的重要因素。今年前三季度及第三季度，中国GDP增幅均为6.9%。这是2009年6月以来中国经济增速首次跌破7%。

“我国生育率已有20多年低于实现世代交替所需的更替水平(即平均每对夫妇生育至少两个孩子)，多年处于世界低生育水平国家行列。”中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心教授顾宝昌说，目前，我国劳动年龄人口已经开始减少，年轻劳动力出现急剧萎缩，同时养老负担加大。

顾宝昌说，全面放开二孩政策，有利于优化人口结构，增加劳动力供给，减缓人口老龄化压力;有利于提高家庭抗风险能力，增加未来劳动力的供给和缓解老年扶养负担;有利于扩大国内需求和经济平稳增长，焕发社会活力和增强创新能力，提升我国的国际竞争力。

中央党校经济学者周天勇分析，人口和劳动力成本是中国目前出现经济下行的一个重要原因。通过对中国1974年到1994年人口增长变动数据与1994年到2014年经济增长数据的相关性分析，周天勇发现二者高度相关。“人口结构中婴幼少青年等人口比例的快速下降，影响国内的投资消费，进而使经济下行。”他指出。

人口出生率与股市、房地产市场、经济繁荣度紧密相连。专家们认为，老龄化加速、少子化严重的当下中国，正需要这样一次婴儿潮，为未来数十年的经济发展带来持久动力。

我国人口老龄化的主要特点是：第一，人口老龄化提前达到高峰。20世纪后期，为控制人口的急剧增长，国家推行计划生育政策，使得人口出生率迅速下降，加快了我国人口老龄化的进程。由于下世纪前半叶人口压力仍然沉重，还要继续坚持计划生育的国策，其结果将不可避免地使我国提早达到人口老龄化高峰。第二，在社会经济不太发达状态下进入人口老龄化。先期进入老龄化社会的一些发达国家，目前人均国民生产总值达到20000美元以上，呈现出“先富后老”，这为解决人口老龄化带来的问题奠定了经济基础。而我国进入老龄化社会时，人均国民生产总值约为1000美元，呈现出“未富先老”，由于经济实力还不强，无疑增加了解决老龄化问题的难度。第三，在多重压力下渡过人口老龄化阶段。下个世纪前半叶，我国在建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制过程中，改革和发展的任务繁重，经济和社会要可持续发展，社会要保持稳定，各种矛盾错综复杂，使得解决人口老龄化问题相对发达国家和人口少的国家更为艰巨。

那么，对于我国的人口老龄化问题我们该怎样去解决呢：中国人口变化的最大特点是“未富先老”，2000年，中国65岁以上老人占人口结构比重为6。8%，与世界平均水平完全一样，至2009年，中国的老龄化比例已达8。3%，显着赶超世界平均水平7。5%。这是中国社科院人口与劳动经济研究所所长蔡昉在中国经济50人论坛2011年年会的演讲重点，“未富先老”将成为“十二五”最重要的挑战。

在世界人口走向老龄化和发达国家人口老龄化发展的同时，中国人口老龄化也在加剧。人口老龄化的产生，正是社会进步、经济发展的结果。中国人口转变新中国成立，起先是死亡率明显而迅速地下降。而全国性的生育率转变则始于20世纪70年代初期国家计划生育政策的介入，并迅速由高生育率水平转向低生育率水平。这样，人口的老龄化就导致了劳动力人口负担不断增大的问题，影响了我国社会经济的发展，并对相应基础设施、法律制度等物质及精神各方面的建设提出了新的要求。

针对这一情况全国老龄委发布了《中国老龄事业发展“十一五”规划》，提出了“十一五”期间，、医疗保障、社会救助等，以及老龄事业基础设施建设、老年产业、老年精神文化生活等方面所要实现的目标和任务。我们既要正确认识中国人口老龄化的形成原因、基本特征、发展趋势以及可能产生的社会经济后果，更要弄清人口老龄化对社会经济运行及可持续发展的影响。惟此，才能提高决策的科学性和可行性，解决好人口老龄化问题，为实施可持续发展战略创造有利的人口环境。通过对人口老龄化的科学内涵的界定，明确我国人口老龄化的成因。通过对人口老龄化的演进过程的研究，重点阐述我国人口老龄化的特征及其对经济、社会和家庭等各方面的影响，从，提出解决人口老龄化问题的相应对策措施。

中国的人口问题、社会问题一直是四六级考试考察的比较多的内容，下面是一篇关于人口老龄化的四级作文押题预测，大家趁机来给自己的作文充电吧。

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitle Population Burden . You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.

1.人口老龄化问题正困扰着中国。

2.人口老龄化带来的问题。

3.应采取怎样的措施，谈谈自己的观点。

题目分析：

在世界人口走向老龄化和发达国家人口老龄化发展的同时，中国人口老龄化也在加剧。人口老龄化的产生，正是社会进步、经济发展的结果。

参考范文：

Population Burden

Many countries will experience aging populations in the next century because of declining birth and mortality rates. China will soon join their ranks.

As for the issue of aging, its situation has been growing increasingly severe in spite of the fact most people are still ignorant of the problems it brings about. Firstly, with families becoming smaller and living pace escalating, it is even graver for families to care for aged members adequately. Secondly, aging causes a relative decline in working force in that fewer people have to support the increasing aged people. Consequently, the productivity of the whole society is affected to some extent. Thirdly and most importantly, the aging of population in China resulted from the successful implementation of family planning has not been synchronized with national economic progress.

The rapidity of the populations aging has made it more urgent for the adoption of countermeasures. No doubt they key is to build a solid economic foundation. Meanwhile, importance shall be attached to overall social progress by changing the backward situation in social security, welfare and service. Whats more, family care and community services shall also be encouraged.

重要词汇：

aging population 老年人口

birth rate 出生率

mortality rate 死亡率

ignorant of 不知道 不懂

graver 更严重的

adequately 充分地

productivity 生产力

implementation 执行

family planning 计划生育

rapidity 速度 在这用rapidity比speed 好~

countermeasure 对策

solid economic foundation 稳固的经济基础

Population old age人口老龄化

Population burden人口负担

Old age social security老年社会保障

Sustainable development可持续发展

练完这篇四级作文押题预测以后，考生要注意归纳总结，以后在考试中遇到这类社会问题的作文就不用怕了。

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, your should

(1) interpret the chart, and

(2) give your comment.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

【范文】

Given is a table which clearly illustrates the striking trend of aged population in China from 1990 to 2050. During the first 22 years, the number of people aged 60 and above ascended slightly from 97.19 to 136 million, and since 2012 it is predicted that this number will surge remarkably, reaching 410 million in 2050. Meanwhile, the proportion of aged citizens revealed and will reveal the similar trend, and it will reach 27.4% in total population.

(二段版本一：分析老龄化社会问题和挑战)

Such a scenario can be naturally associated with various problems in aged society. For one thing, aged society is best characterized by the more burden for youngsters to support parents, which will enable younger generation to work harder. For another, compared with the past and today, the aged citizens will play a more important role in society. A case in point is their age for retiring will be extended. Therefore, a larger proportion of senior citizens have to take more responsibilities in work, family and society.

Accordingly, it is advisable for Chinese government to focus more eyesight on the coming challenges in the forthcoming future. Meanwhile, it is essential for China to work out comprehensive strategies to strengthen its social welfare to reduce young people’s stress.

此外二段还可以分析老龄化社会原因

Such a scenario can be naturally associated with various problems in aged society, but what resulted in this change above? For one thing, the past 30 years was best characterized by the policy of Family Plan in China, which enabled a host of families to have only one kid and enabled the proportion of youngsters to decline. For another, compared with the past, medical care and quality of life is and will be better; therefore, a larger proportion of people live longer. Consequently, the percentage of aged people showed and will show a trend of rise.

【译文】

所给是一个表格，清晰展示了中国老龄人口从1990年到2050年的明显趋势。在最初的22年中，60岁以上的人口数量从9719万缓慢增长至1.36亿;自2012年之后，据估计这个数字将飙升，并在2050年达到4.1亿。同时，老龄人口的比例也表现出并且将表现出类似趋势，将达到总人口的27.4%

这样的场景能自然联系到社会老龄化的各种问题。一方面，老龄社会典型特征将是年轻人更多的养老负担，这将使年轻一代更辛苦。另一方面，与过去和今天相比，老年人将在社会中发挥更重要的作用。典型例子就是他们的退休年龄将会延迟。因此，一大部分老年人不得不承担更多家庭、工作和社会责任。

因此，中国政府应更多关注未来的挑战。同时，中国应制定出综合性策略来提升社会福利并减轻年轻人的压力。

(此外二段还可以分析老龄化社会原因)

这样的场景能自然联系到社会老龄化的各种问题，但什么导致以上变化?一方面，过去的30年计划生育政策是个突出特征，这使得很多家庭只有一个孩子，也使得年轻人的比例下降。另一方面，于过去相比，今天的医疗和生活质量更好，将来也会持续更好。因此，很多人们寿命延长。因此，老龄人口的比重表现出并将继续表现出上升趋势。

Many countries will experience aging populations in the next century because of declining birth and mortality rates. China will soon join their ranks.

As for the issue of aging, its situation has been growing increasingly severe in spite of the fact most people are still ignorant of the problems it brings about. Firstly, with families becoming smaller and living pace escalating, it is even graver for families to care for aged members adequately. Secondly, aging causes a relative decline in working force in that fewer people have to support the increasing aged people. Consequently, the productivity of the whole society is affected to some extent. Thirdly and most importantly, the aging of population in China resulted from the successful implementation of family planning has not been synchronized with national economic progress.

The rapidity of the populations aging has made it more urgent for the adoption of countermeasures. No doubt they key is to build a solid economic foundation. Meanwhile, importance shall be attached to overall social progress by changing the backward situation in social security, welfare and service. Whats more, family care and community services shall also be encouraged.

带翻译：

在下个世纪许多国家将经历人口老龄化，由于出生率和死亡率下降。中国将很快加入他们的行列。

至于老化的问题，其情况越来越严重，尽管事实上大多数人仍然不知道它带来的问题。首先，家庭变得更小，生活节奏不断升级，甚至严重的家庭照顾年龄成员充分。其次，老化导致工作力量相对衰落，更少的人来支持不断增加的老年人。因此，整个社会的生产力在一定程度上受到影响。第三，最重要的是，中国的老龄化导致计划生育的成功实现尚未与国民经济同步发展。

人口老龄化的速度使采取应对措施变得更为紧迫。毫无疑问，他们的关键是建立稳固的经济基础。与此同时，应当附送整个社会进步的重要性通过改变社会保障的落后局面，福利和服务。更重要的是，还应当鼓励家庭照料和社区服务。

China has already begun to face an aging population. It is reported that by 2003 in China, the population over 65 years of age the proportion of the total population will reach 7%, which will allow China into the United Nations in 1956 set the population aging countries in the world. By 2020, this proportion will be increased to 10.85%, while in 2050, it will reach 20.43%.

At present, the time being will not become the worlds largest country in the elderly population. However, it is the process of aging faster than any other developing country. In fact, China will become the worlds population, one of the fastest aging process, this change brought to China unfavorable factors, it needs China to take a unique way to take care of the aging population.

Respect for the elderly project

In recent years, Chinas economy developed rapidly, with the strength becomes stronger, the state since 1990, security expenses for the elderly are more than 100 billion yuan every year, but also the state was increasing year after year, while also encouraging social and personal fund-raising, donations of non-juvenile welfare facilities set up to address a number of elderly people a sense of security, old age care issues. However, for a big country like China, but also there are other ways to those who need help to provide assistance for lonely elderly people. Care in the community, a warmth of respect for the elderly project in China, the rise of many young people took part in respecting the obligation to engineering work, they not only raised in all directions to bring the material assistance to the elderly, but also for their daily needs and get a wide range of help, thus bringing the warmth and love dedicated to the lonely and helpless old man.

This shows that the "senior citizen project," is Chinas aging population on the eve of a large number of old age to solve the problem of looking into a way to have multiple meanings, which not only brought the Gospel to the lonely elderly, but also carry forward the socialist spiritual civilization.

带翻译：

中国已经开始面临人口老龄化。据报道，到2003年，中国65岁以上人口占总人口的比例将达到7%，这将使中国在1956年联合国世界上人口老龄化国家。到2020年，这一比例将上升到10.85%，而在2050年，它将达到20.43%。

目前，暂时不会成为世界上最大的国家的老年人口。然而，它是一个过程，老化速度比其他发展中国家。事实上，中国将成为世界上人口老龄化最快的一个过程，这一变化将对中国不利的因素，它需要中国采取一种独特的方式照顾老年人。

尊重老年人的项目

近年来，中国经济发展迅速，与实力强大了，国家自1990年以来，安全费用为老年人每年超过1000亿元，而且该州增加了年复一年，同时也鼓励社会和个人募捐，捐款福利设施的设置来解决很多老年人一种安全感，老年护理的问题。然而，对于像中国这样一个大国，但也有其他方面需要帮助的人提供帮助孤独的老人。社区内照顾，温暖的尊重老年人的项目在中国的崛起，许多年轻人参加工程工作尊重的义务，他们不仅提高了四面八方，将材料帮助老人，而且对他们的日常需要和得到广泛的帮助，因此带来的温暖和爱献给孤独和无助的老人。

这表明“老年人项目，“是中国老龄化的前夕，大量的老来解决这个问题的调查方法有多个含义，这不仅给孤独的老人带来了福音，同时也弘扬社会主义精神文明。

It is expected that there will be a higher proportion of older people than young people in many countries in the future. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

据预测，将来很多国家的老龄化人口的比重将会超过年轻人。你认为这是一种积极还是消极的变化?

关键词分析

older people

“老年人”有很多说法，这个词在文章中肯定会多次出现，因此一定要做好同义替换准备。elderly people, the elderly, pensioners, senior citizens都可以，但要少用old people. ageing society (Br.E.) / aging society (Am.E.)

老龄化社会，这个词是必备的社会学术语。这个词虽然没有在题目中出现，但是考生一定会在正文中用到这个词。

关于ageing society的相关知识，请阅读维基百科。

话题评价

社会类话题共有两大分支：男女平等，人口结构与老龄化。本题在“十大话题万能分类题库”中属于母题，因此只要做好充足的复习准备，难度不大。

类似话题

1. Surveys show that in many countries, people are living longer but increased life expectancy has many implications for the aging individuals and for society as a whole. What are the possible effects of longer living for individuals and society?

2. Some people believe that in order to give opportunities to the new generation, companies should encourage high level employees who are older than 55 to retire. Do you agree or disagree?

5. Some countries have an ever-increasing proportion of population who are aged 15 and younger. What is your opinion of the current and future effects it may have in those countries?

The aging population has been regarded as a worldwide phenomenon. (交代背景)Fundamentally, such trend is an evitable outcome of the improvement of educational level and medical progress and the achievement of public health programs. (分析成因)However, disadvantages brought with such demographic change can never be neglected.(提出个人观点)

First, as life expectancy has risen and will continue to increase, the pension system will pose a far more serious financial burden on governments.(中心论点) Increase in the number of retired people means a higher pressure for those financing their pensions.(进一步论证) Such unsustainable situation calls for governments to carry out more effective measures to keep their pension systems afloat. Unfortunately, measures such as raising the retirement age to bring down huge public deficits has proved to be quite unpopular among people.(事例论证)

In addition, with more employers retiring and less workforce available, economy would definitely suffer. (中心论点)The number of job vacancies in China are predicted to reach over one hundred million in twenty years.(事例论证) If there are not enough young adults replenish the labor pool, Chinese government will probably have to rely largely on immigrants from South-eastern countries to guarantee a sufficient labor supply and even abolish one-child policy in response to its ongoing economic crisis.(反证)

From what is discussed above, different areas of aging research all point to the same conclusion that disadvantages of an aging society far outweighs its advantages.(重申观点)Therefore, countries should cooperate very closely with each other and establish more platforms for academicians and scientists to research and reverse the ongoing trend.(升华主题)

Nowadays we have to face the problem that there is a sharp increasing in population of China,and people tend to get more and more old,but many of us didnt realize it,and still ignore the Family planning,especially rural areas,4 people or even more in a family isnt a strange phenomenon.There is another important problem that more male than female needs to be paied more attention.If we all want to solve these questions,all we have to do is not only government appeal to all of us ,but als o everyone of this country get down to this.

翻译：

如今我们必须面对一个问题,那就是中国人口不断暴涨,人口老龄化趋势日益严重,可是很多人并没有意识到这一点,依然弃计划生育于不顾,特别是农村人口,常常一家4口甚至更多.男多于女是人口的另一个重要问题,需要引起我们的重视.要解决这一切不仅需要政府的呼吁还需要我们大家着手去做.

北京市户籍人口老龄比例在全国排第二，全市平均每天净增500余名60岁以上老年人，并且仍在快速增长，老龄化形势十分严峻。据预计，2030年北京将达到重度老龄化，户籍老年人口占比超过30%，随后达到超老龄化社会，这一高比例将持续50年以上。

在由市委宣传部、市直机关工委、市民政局、市委讲师团联合举办的2016年“展望‘十三五’发展谱新篇”系列形势政策第六场报告会上，市民政局副局长、新闻发言人李红兵昨天给大家吃了定心丸，表示现在正从10个方面开展50多项工作，未来将“做强养老服务业，实现老有所养”。

“421”家庭人口结构将进入常态

李红兵表示，未来养老服务面临的是一个很大的群体，是独生子女的父母。据预计，到2030年，全市将有80万人超过75岁，而他们只有一个子女。

据他介绍，从2015年开始，上世纪80年代初年龄在25岁以上的独生子女父母将相继进入60岁，这意味着“421”家庭人口结构正成为一种常态。

目前，平均每个家庭户的人口为2.45人，“空巢”老年人家庭已经占50%，其中抽样推算失能及半失能老年人共60万人，并有失智老年人10余万名。独生子女父母队伍的壮大，无疑会让“空巢”老年人家庭比例进一步增大。

“养老服务家庭担不起、政府包不起、企业赔不起，既不能由政府办，也不能完全推向市场。”李红兵说，“需要家庭、企业、社会和政府等主体共同参与，形成合力。”

李红兵表示，积极应对人口老龄化，北京正建立起以居家养老为基础、社区为依托、机构为补充、社会保障为支撑的养老服务体系。养老服务既有通行的规律，也有适应地域需求中必然的特点，所以要继承与创新并举，构建中国特色养老服务体系首都模式。

2030年进入重度老龄化社会

虽然是“十三五”发展报告，但李红兵更多地介绍了2030年之后的形势。他说，“十三五”是及时、科学、综合应对人口老龄化的重要机遇期，是抓住和用好有限窗口期的关键五年。

李红兵表示，尽管老年人口快速增长，但目前本市老龄化程度仍处于中度;不过，到2030年，本市老龄化将达到重度，户籍老年人口占比超过30%。到了2050年，户籍老年人将超过630万，每3个人中就有1名老年人，进一步迈入超老龄化社会。“并且这种人口结构和社会形态将持续50年以上。”

老龄化的同时，社会保障的压力也会急剧增大。李红兵透露，2020年本市养老金支出2000亿元，已经非常高，但到2030年这个数字将达到惊人的6700亿元，增长两倍多。

李红兵表示，老龄化超过30%后，“我们是幸福的，还是痛苦的，要从现在开始从长计议。”

10大方面54项行动应对老龄化

李红兵介绍，目前本市人口老龄化有规模大、增速快、不平衡等特点。截至2015年底，全市60岁及以上户籍老年人口约315万，占总人口的23.4%，人口老龄化程度居全国第二位。全市常住老年人口340.5万，占常住人口总数的15.7%。全市平均每天净增500余名60岁以上老年人，净增120余名80岁以上高龄老年人。此外，城六区老年人口占全市老年人口的三分之二。

在正面回答关于机构养老床位空置、“喘息”服务、老年护理险等焦点、难点问题后，李红兵介绍了北京市目前关切的内容和正在积极开展的做法。其中关注热点包括老人的就餐与营养、出行、居住、医疗、精神关怀等。

目前，本市也正从加强顶层设计、盘活现有资源、推进医养结合、培育服务品牌、壮大服务队伍等10个方面入手，总共开展了54类大项行动，积极推进养老服务。其中，今年将完善市区两级老龄工作体制、成立老龄委协调推进小组、编制发布《北京市“十三五”时期老龄事业发展规划》、出台《关于促进老龄产业发展的指导意见》。此外，还要开展城乡社区闲置设施调查、对养老服务机构和照料中心开展摸底评估、利用闲置设施解决老旧小区养老服务设施不足问题，并出台《新建居住区养老服务设施建设、移交、管理办法》和《北京市居住区配套养老设施建设协议书(示范文本)》等。

“十三五”期间，北京市老龄事业发展目标包括三个方面。一是社会养老保障体系更加完善，五项社会保险基金收缴率保持98%及以上，城乡基本社会保险实现应保尽保。二是社会养老服务体系丰富多样，养老服务市场全面放开，京津冀养老服务协同发展机制基本形成，养老服务业成为首都服务业新的支柱。三是老龄社会管理体系共建共享，涉老企业发展壮大，养老服务社会组织发挥重要作用。

虽然是“十三五”发展报告，但李红兵更多地介绍了2030年之后的形势。他说，“十三五”是及时、科学、综合应对人口老龄化的重要机遇期，是抓住和用好有限窗口期的关键五年。

李红兵表示，尽管老年人口快速增长，但目前本市老龄化程度仍处于中度;不过，到2030年，本市老龄化将达到重度，户籍老年人口占比超过30%。到了2050年，本市户籍老年人将超过630万，每3个人中就有1名老年人，进一步迈入超老龄化社会。“并且这种人口结构和社会形态将持续50年。”

老龄化同时，社会保障的压力也会急剧增大。李红兵透露，2020年本市养老金支出2000亿元，已经非常高，但到2030年这个数字将达到惊人的6700亿元，增长两倍多。

李红兵表示，老龄化超过30%后，“我们是幸福的，还是痛苦的，要从现在开始从长计议。从现在起到那个时候大概还有一万天。一万天太久，只争朝夕。”

1980年，国务院发出号召，为了争取在20世纪末把我国人口控制在12亿以内，提倡一对夫妇只生育一个孩子。1982年，国家明确把计划生育作为基本国策写入宪法。30多年来，计划生育基本国策的核心内容之一，就是在城镇居民中广泛推行“一对夫妻只生育一个子女”的政策，造就了我国一段时期的“独生子女”和独生子女父母。

现在，当年正处于人口高峰期的独生子女父母们开始进入老年了，他们的独生子女组建起的新家庭中有很多是双独生子女家庭。“有政协委员建议国家为独生子女的公民设立带薪年假，让独生子女的孩子们能有时间照顾日渐衰老和多病的父母。”他建议通过修改《职工带薪年休假条例》，确定独生子女的职工增加照顾老人带薪年假天数和使用方法。

同时，也可以按照《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》，由国家和省、自治区、直辖市完善对独生子女父母的奖励措施，继续使用《独生子女证》。“为独生子女奖励照顾父母的带薪年假，应当看作是当年计划生育和独生子女政策的组成部分，从鼓励计划生育、独生子女的生育和扶养，到现在和将来关照老年的独生子女父母，使政策具有延续性和完整性。”

​导语：人口老龄化是指总人口中因年轻人口数量减少、年长人口数量增加而导致的老年人口比例相应增长的动态。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

The problem of old age is known as one of the most serious problem in todays world. The old people can be seen everywhere. As is shown in the graph, the number of people in the world over the age of sixty will have increased to 600 million by the end of this century. And by the time, there will also be twice as many people over the age of eighty. In the ten years between 1970 and 1980, there was a 23.7% increase in the number of people aged over sixty-five in the industrial world, and an even bigger increase of 38.2% in the developing world.

With the development of economy, the rise in peoples living standards and the improvement of medical conditions, people are living longer and longer. Furthermore, birth rates are falling as the pace of population growth slows down. As a result, the number of old people in the world is experiencing an increase. Though the increase will cause manifold social and economic consequences, we can take effective measures to deal with it. So I believe a bright tomorrow for old people will be achieved through efforts of every person.

【参考译文】

老年问题被认为是当今世界最严重的问题之一。到处都可以看到老年人。如图所示，到本世纪末，六十岁以上的世界人口将增至6亿人。到那时，也会有两倍于八十岁以上的人。在1970至1980年间的十年间，工业世界六十五岁以上人口增加了23.7%，发展中世界人口增长了38.2%。

随着经济的发展，人民生活水平的提高，医疗条件的改善，人们的寿命越来越长。此外，随着人口增长速度放慢，出生率也在下降。结果，世界上老年人的数量正在增加。虽然增加会造成多种社会和经济后果，但我们可以采取有效措施加以处理。所以我相信，老年人的光明明天将通过每个人的努力来实现。

Population officials and demographers have much to worry about China’s increasingly aging population. It is estimated that the proportion of people aged 60 or older in China will rise to 11.8 percent in 2020. By the middle of this century, people aged beyond 60 will take up 27.4 percent of the total population — that means one out of every four people will be senior!

The aging population poses a serious challenge to families and the society. On the one hand, with families becoming smaller and living pace escalating, it is even graver for families to care for aged members adequately. On the other hand, aging causes a relative decline in working force. Consequently, the productivity of the whole society will be affected to some extent.

The rapidity of the population’s aging has made it more urgent for the adoption of countermeasures. There is no doubt that the key is to build a solid economic foundation. Meanwhile, importance should be attached to overall social progress by changing the backward situation in social security, welfare and service. What’s more, family care and community-based services should also be encouraged.

China has become a country with an increasing number of old people. By old people we usually mean persons over the age of sixty. We often call them senior citizens instead of old men to show our respect.

Most senior citizens retire or no longer work full-time. They usually live in their own houses not far from their childrens, while the children of a few senior citizens have gone abroad and work or study far beyond the oceans. For certain senior citizens, tile years after retirement are not very enjoyable. First, they feel that their lives lose meaning for being at home all day. In addition, they may feel lonely, especially those without children around. Moreover, they become more concerned with their health, as they grow older, and worry a lot about their safety. At the same time, many senior citizens enjoy their lives. They feel free to do things they were not able to do when they were working and raising their families. They spend their time travelling, doing exercises or watching TV. They get together with their fellow members who have the common interests and equal free time.

In fact, there are some still continuing their work, not just for money, but to show their value. However, no one really wants to be old, and perhaps all like to be young forever.

Most senior citizens retire or no longer work full-time. They usually live in their own houses not far from their childrens, while the children of a few senior citizens have gone abroad and work or study far beyond the oceans. For certain senior citizens, tile years after retirement are not very enjoyable. First, they feel that their lives lose meaning for being at home all day. In addition, they may feel lonely, especially those without children around. Moreover, they become more concerned with their health, as they grow older, and worry a lot about their safety. At the same time, many senior citizens enjoy their lives. They feel free to do things they were not able to do when they were working and raising their families. They spend their time travelling, doing exercises or watching TV. They get together with their fellow members who have the common interests and equal free time.

大多数的老人退休或不再做全职工作。他们通常住在离自己孩子的房子不远的房子里面，但是一些老人的孩子们已出国学习或者工作。一些老人，退休后的日子并不是很愉快。首先，因为整天待在家里让他们觉得自己的生活失去了意义。此外，他们会感到孤独，特别是那些孩子不在身边的。再者，随着他们年龄的增长，他们更关心自己的健康，并且很担心自己的安全。同时，很多老年人也很享受他们的生活。他们有空做一些在他们工作或者养家的时候不能做的事情。他们旅行，运动和看电视。让他们与其他有着共同兴趣和相同时间的成员在一起。

In fact, there are some still continuing their work, not just for money, but to show their value. However, no one really wants to be old, and perhaps all like to be young forever.

事实上，有一些还是继续他们的工作，不只是为了钱，更是要证明自己的价值。然而，没有人真的想变老，或许大家都想永远年轻。

[人口老龄化雅思作文

2017年4月7日 -- 今年世界卫生日的主题是老龄化与健康。这一主题与我们每个人息息相关。口号是“健康有益长寿”。开展活动和提供宣传材料的焦点是，关注有生之年身体健康如何有助于老年人度过圆满和有益的一生，并成为家庭和社会的财富。

期望寿命在上世纪显著提高。不久，世界上老人的数量将超过儿童。人口老龄化无处不在， 但是低收入和中等收入国家将经历最快和最显著的人口结构变化。这种社会转型代表着挑战和机遇并存。尤其是，各国可能只有一代人的时间为老龄化的世界在卫生和社会体系方面作准备。

在21世纪，广泛的社会发展趋势对健康起着决定性作用，并受到健康的影响。经济正在全球化，越来越多的人在城市工作和生活，家庭模式发生变化，科技迅猛发展。其中一项最大的社会转型是人口老龄化。不久，全世界老年人的数量将会大于儿童，非常高寿的老人数量将达空前水平。

世界不断变化

全世界能够活到80多岁或90多岁的人数将超越以往

例如，80岁或80岁以上老年人的数量将在2017至2050年之间增加到从前的近四倍，达到3.95亿人。像如今这样大多数中年人和老年人与其父母生活在一起的情况是史无前例的。儿童会见识自己的祖父母，甚至是曾祖父母，尤其是他们的曾祖母。女性寿命平均比男性长六至八岁。

2. 期望寿命在上世纪显著提高

192017年，智利女性的期望寿命为33岁;如今，仅仅一个世纪之后，已经达到82岁。在一个世纪内，寿命显著增加了将近五十岁，而这主要是由于公共卫生的改善。

3. 不久，世界上老人的数量将超过儿童

在未来五年中，在人类历史上，65岁及以上成年人的数量首次将超过5岁以下儿童的数量。到2050年，这些老年人的数量将多于14岁以下儿童。

4. 世界人口正快速老龄化

2017年至2050年之间，全世界60岁以上人口的占比将翻倍，从11%增长至22%。预计在同一时期内，60岁及以上老人的绝对数量将从6.05亿增长到20亿。

5. 低收入和中等收入国家将经历最快和最显著的人口结构变化

例如，法国65岁及以上人口从7%增长到14%花了100多年时间。而巴西和中国等国不到25年就达到了这一水平。

健康老龄化的决定因素

健康老龄化与生命早期阶段相关

例如，宫内营养不良可能会增加在成年阶段罹患循环系统疾病和糖尿病等疾病的风险。儿童期呼吸道感染可能会增加成年阶段罹患慢性支气管炎的风险。肥胖或超重青少年可能会在成年阶段发展成糖尿病、循环系统疾病、癌症、呼吸道和肌肉骨骼疾病等慢性病。

2. 然而，如何老龄化取决于多项因素

人体功能在生命最初一些年增长，在青壮年达到峰值，之后自然降低。降低的速度至少在一定程度上取决于个人生命全程中的行为和面临的健康风险，其中包括吃什么，身体活动如何，以及面临的健康风险，例如吸烟、有害使用酒精导致的风险或暴露于有毒物质的风险。