初中英语高效课堂实施方案【热门20篇】

I dont think our school life is colorful. Because weve got so many classes every day. I wonder whether we can change our school life someday. You see, from Monday to Friday, I have to stay at school. the only relaxation is to listen to the radio or play ball games. At weekends, we need to go to school to have classes, too. I know its very important for us to study well now. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. "I want to step into the nature. I hope we will have more activities such as visiting museums, taking part in different kinds of contests, attending some lectures and so on. Is it only a dream?

4月4日至5日我参加了《小学高校课堂教学模式培训》，通过这两天的培训使我真正懂得了什么是“高校课堂”。

所谓“高效课堂”就是用尽可能少的时间获取最大教学效益的教学活动。开展“高效课堂”研讨，其指导思想归纳起来就是两个减轻两个提高：减轻教师的教学负担，减轻学生的学业负担，提高教师教学效益，提高学生学习效益。最终达到提高学校整体教育教学质量的目的。

那么，究竟什么是高效课堂呢?

从学生角度来讲，高效课堂应具备以下两个条件：一是学生对教学目标的达成度要高。二是在实现这种目标达成度的过程中，学生应主动参与并积极思。从这个角度来说，高效课堂就是学生主动学习、积极思考的课堂，是学生充分自主学习的课堂，是师生互动、生生互动的课堂，是学生对所学内容主动实现意义建构的课堂。

从教师角度来说，高效课堂应具备以下三个条件：一是教师能够依据课程标准的要求和学生的实际情况，科学合理地确定课堂的教学目标。因为教学目标的预设与课堂的实际情况不可能完全吻合，这就需要教师在教学的过程中对教学目标作出适时调整，最大限度地面向全体学生，使其更好地体现教学目标的适应性。二是教学的过程必须是学生主动参与的过程。这种主动参与主要体现在教师能否采取灵活机动的教学策略调动学生学习的积极性，能否积极引导学生积极思维，能否给予学生更多的时间和机会进行必要的合作和展示，使全班学生分享彼此的学习成果。三是教学中适时跟进、监测、反馈、消化，以多种方式巩固学生的学习成果，使教学目标的达成度更高。

那么，如何构建高效课堂呢?

第一、抓好教师教学观念的转变和教学方式的转变。教师教学观念的转变不是一蹴而就的事，必须在推进课堂教学改革的实践过程中不断推动教师观念的转变，进而转变教师的教学方式，以逐步消除由于教师讲得过多、学生参与过少而导致的靠大量课后作业来完成教学任务的问题，逐步解决忽视学生情感、态度、价值观目标实现的问题。

第二、开展以学课标、研课本、研方法、课后反思等为主要形式的校本培训。在教学实践中我们发现，在很多情况下，课堂的低效是由教师对课标与课本的学习与研究不足所造成的，而教师这方面的不足又影响和制约了其课堂驾驭能力，课堂驾驭能力又反过来影响课堂教学的效率。

第三、抓好教师备课中的备学生问题。不少教师在备课时，只习惯于备教学内容，而忽视备学生。如果教师不去研究学生对所教内容的掌握情况，不去研究学生的个体差异，一切从本本出发，课堂教学的适应性就会大打折扣，课堂教学的高效更无从谈起。

第四、研究和设计好课堂提问。在真实、常态的课堂教学中，我常常发现教师所提的问题本身就有问题，无效问题、假问题、无价值问题充斥课堂，教师的很多提问耽误了学生宝贵的课堂学习时间，影响了课堂教学效率的提高。因此，教师要高效地完成课堂教学任务，就必须注重对课堂提问的研究，所提的问题必须是有价值的、有启发性的、有一定难度的，整个课堂的问题设计必须遵循循序渐进的原则。

第五、加强对课堂节奏的把握和管理。课堂上，有的教师刚给学生提出问题，学生还没来得及思考，就马上要求其回答，这样不仅浪费了学生课堂思考的时间，而且有效性很差。这种形式主义的教学方式使无效劳动充斥课堂，严重影响了课堂教学的效率。有的教师让学生阅读课文、讨论、交流、做巩固练习等，不提任何时间和标准的要求，学生漫无目的地阅读与交流，课堂组织松散，时间利用率低。有的教师只对学生提出比较笼统的要求，学生不明白教师要他们干什么和要他们怎么干，这样，学生就失去了教师的有效指导。因此，要给学生一定的思考时间和思维空间，要减少“讲与听”，增加“说与做”，尝试“教与评”。

第六、积极实施小组互助学习制。现阶段，大班额的班级授课制也是课堂教学效率难以提高的一大原因。在小班化教学难以推行的现实条件下，在班内实行小组互助学习可以说是一个最佳选择。教师根据学生的认知水平和个性心理特点，可以把学生划分为若干个学习小组，发挥优秀学生的优势，积极推行学生互助机制，同时，教师通过对小组的学法指导和激励性评价，进一步提高学习小组的自主学习效果。这样，可以最大限度地面向全体学生，做到因材施教，以促进课堂教学效率的提高。

第七推行作业分层布置制度。教师在布置课堂练习和课后作业时，必须充分考虑不同学生的学习水平，做到“不布置死记硬背、机械训练作业，布置启发性、思考性作业;不布置重复性作业，布置可选择性、层次性作业;不布置繁难偏旧作业，布置实践性、研究性作业”。布置的作业数量要少，质量要高，要避免进入“教师随意布置大量作业——学生应付作业——教师随意批改作业——教师再随意布置过多作业——学生再应付作业”的恶性循环，消除教师无暇顾及教学内容的研究和设计、无暇顾及研究学生的现象，从而解决学生不堪重负、疲于应付、厌学情绪滋生等问题。因此，加强作业的管理与指导，避免超负荷、重复性、低水平的作业，给每个学生留有充分自主发展的余地，是提高课堂教学效率必由之路。(以上内容来自互联网，特此说明。)

最后总结：高效课堂其本质仍然是我们对新课程改革的深入推进，是实施素质教育和道德课堂的具体体现。高效课堂的提出和实施，对我们农村学校来说是一个新的挑战和开始，俗话说:“教学有法，教无定法，贵在得法”，因此课堂效果如何关键在于课堂的实施者——教师和学生，尤其是作为课堂引导者的教师，我们要深入研究、多思善想，敢于创新、勇于实践，善于反思、总结提高。我相信我们遇到的困难一定不会不少，碰到的问题也会很多，因此我们要树立一种信念，把追求课堂教学的高效益作为自己一生孜孜不倦的追求，我始终坚信“不是一番寒彻骨，怎的梅花扑鼻香”，我们终会一定会取得高效课堂教学改革的成功。

“Try and try until you succeed.” This saying shows the importance of perseverance, I have found in my experience that only through hard work can we succeed. Many people have failed in their work or studies, precisely because they had no perseverance Life, in general, as in many things we do has never been easy. No one promised us what it would be.

So, if we want to succeed in life, we must be brave to win. The standard that differentiates people who succeed in life and those who dont is perseverance.

Many children are always looking forward to the winter vacation; This is because during the vacation, children needn’t go to school; They can do everything they like,such as playing, watching TV, traveling, or even sleeping all the day and so on.and when winter vacation come on ,It means that spring festival will come on soon.

I spent the whole day at home nearly every day, I played with my computer .I played computer games and surved the Internet. during the vacation I,I still stayed in touch with my classmates and my friends.I thinked I hasve been a potatoes mouse .

During the spring festival,I visited my relatives ,and I got a lot of red bags.

Even though my vacation wasn’t crazy and exciting, but I really learnt a lot. It was good for relaxing, and I am getting ready for the coming new term now. Good-bye, my winter vacation.

[寒假打算初中英语作文

我开始学电脑的时候才九岁。妈妈是我的启蒙老师。我学会了如何打字，如何拷贝文件，如何上网登录网站。一天，妈妈不在家。我打开电脑，开始学着上网聊天。汤姆是我在网上遇到的第一个朋友。他礼貌地跟我打招呼。当他得知我才九岁优秀作文 ，而且对网上聊天一无所知时，他开始教我如何使用聊天工具，如何下载，以及如何发电子邮件。我从他那里学到了很多东西。

I was only nine years old when I learnt how to use a computer. My mother is my first teacher. I know how to type, how to copy a file, and how to visit a web site on the Internet. One day, mom was not at home. I turned on the computer and began to learn how to chat on net. The first one I met there was a boy called Tom. He greeted me politely. When he knew that I was only a 9-year-old girl, and almost knew nothing about chatting on net,he started showing me how to use the chatting tools, how to download, and how to send e-mails. I learnt a lot from him.

Boys and girls ,

Today I’ll talk about our English club . Our English club was set up two

months ago . Now we have members of 25 . We meet once a week on Saturday

afternoon. So far we have conducted a variety of activities on English learning

, such as watching English films , holding a Christmas party and getting

together with foreign students .

Last week we held an English story-telling competition . We required that

the entries be original and interesting and be presented in English within five

minutes . Every member took an active part in the activity . Two foreign English

teachers were invited to act as judges . At last Li Ping won the first place .

Many members said the activity benefited them in many ways . Not only did it

improve their spoken English ,but also it brought them much fun . They hope many

such activities can be held .

That’s all. Thank you.

Live with thankfulness Do you know Thanksgiving Day?Do you know why human thank God? Thanksgiving falls on the fourth Thursday of November, a different date every year. The President must proclaim that date as the official celebration.

Thanksgiving is a time for tradition and sharing. Even if they live far away, family members gather for a reunion at the house of an older relative. All give thanks together for the good things that they have. In this spirit of sharing, civic groups and charitable organizations offer a traditional meal to those in need, particularly the homeless. On most tables throughout the United States, foods eaten at the first thanksgiving have become traditional. What should we thank?

The thankful great universe provides the environment of existence for us and give us sunlight, air, water and everything in keeping with we existence of space, bring storm to let us accept to toughen for us, bring to us mysterious let us look for. The thankful parents give us the life, make us feel the merriment of the human life, feel the genuine feeling of the human life, feel the comity of the human life, feel happiness of the human life, also feel hardships and pain and sufferings of the human life!

The thankful teacher works with diligence and without fatigue everyday of teach, give us knowledge ability, put on the wing which flies toward the ideal for us. The thankful classmate and friend grows up road of, let I no longer standing alone in the itinerary of life;The with gratitude is frustrated and let us become in a time the failure stronger.

[ 多与家人朋友沟通交流初中英语作文

I walk around the Peak, around the flowers are numerous, full of branches, flowers and criss-crossing, as if the fence rows. Looking down from the peak, only an immense display. full of golden-yellow flowers, Down on the ground, not for the intoxicated with the beauty of nature, this beautiful paradise like the Garden of Paradise.

Suddenly, a cold wind blowing, I began to tremble , and winter jasmine, it seems a soldier, is to resist the wind, the yellow flowers with a sword, and the wind is it a duel! I was怔住this scene, the winter jasmine as appears to be weak, so delicate, and in the cold before they are without fear.

They really tenacious vitality ah!

Whenever I remember my grade school days, I tend to be wistful over. Though no more are those days, I will never forget now wonderful they were. I was efree in my school days and all the year round I lived happily. I was not a hardworking pupil. Every day I directed my attention not to study but to how to out to how to cut classes and class leader as I was. I did not act like one; instead, I even encouraged others to cut classes, too. of course. I was caught out and severely punished. Often in preparing for a test we pupils would work together to devise ways of cheating in the test room. Though I was poor at cheating in any test. I never gave up but would again and again, hoping t way I would get high marks. With the passage of time I have gradually cast off those bad habits I once had always feel embarrassed each time I think of my foolish behavior in 1the past, I owe what I am to all my teachers. Conscientious instruction. Had it not been for them, I would not be a useful member of society as I am today, My grade school days not only added to my experience as a boy but give me now something lasting to remember by. How I wish the past days could come back, for in retrospect they were so wonderful.

放学后， I return home. We usually have supper at seven o’clock.then I begin to do my homework. I want to finish it before I go to bed. 虽然我的日常生活十分单调，之后我就开始做家庭作业，为什么？因为我打算做一个好学生，希望将来为国家服务。

I try hard to adapt myself to it. Why? Because I intend to be a good student. I wish to render service to my country. I get up at six o’clock every day. After I wash my face and brush my teeth， 我每天六点起床、洗脸刷牙后，我就回家了。

我们通常在七点钟吃晚餐。

七点钟我就去上学，希望在睡觉前把它做完 ， My dailylife 我的日常生活 Though my daily life is extremely monotonous，但我却竭力设法去适应它， I begin to review my lessons. I go to school at seven o’clock. After school is over，就开始复习功课，。

[初中生寒假英语作文

《初一英语作文范文：最美的夏天》

Summer is the great season for all sports in the open air. It is the season for baseball which is often called the national sport because of its popularity. I usually watch television and read the newspaper reports about the baseball results of the newspaper reports about the baseball results of the little leagues. During the summer I like to go to the beach often because it is very close to my home in the village. I usually go there bur in the summer vacation to relax after many months in school in the city. I feel very comfortable with the familiar quiet of the villagers.

翻译：

夏天是所有体育在露天的伟大的赛季。本赛季棒球这是通常被称作这样，因为它是普及全民运动。我常常看电视和阅读有关的关于小联盟的棒球的结果。暑假期间，我喜欢去海边，往往是因为它非常接近我的家在村里，我常常去那里放松许几个月。

[题目为最美的夏天的初中英语作文

January 1st is New Year‘s Day. It‘s a great day for all the people throughout the world. As the saying goes, A good beginning is half the battle. So, many people go all out to celebrate the important day. On that day, I went to the Book City with my classmates. We bought a lot of useful reference books and interesting story books. I believe Knowledge is power. I hope I can learn a lot from these books and improve my study. In the evening, my family had a big dinner party. All the members in my family wished me a good luck in the new year.

高效的课堂是时下课堂教学的主流，也是我们一线教师的追求，在听完仇海云老师的讲座后，感想很多如何让孩子们喜欢上这个第二语言，学在其中乐在其中，如何才能提高教学效率，打造高效课堂，我有以下几点浅显的认识：

一、激发学生学习英语的兴趣

新课标指出：激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，是学生建立自信心。养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略，发展学生自主学习的能力和合作精神：是学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、读、写技能，形成一定的综合运用语言的能力，培养学生的观察、记忆、思维、想象力和创新能力，帮助学生了解世界和中西方文化的差异、拓展视野，培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观，为他们的终身学习和发展打下良好的基础。

“兴趣是最好的老师”。这毋容置疑。作为小学生的启蒙英语老师，我们有责任有义务培养学生的兴趣，这个兴趣应该是具有持久性的、积极向上的特点的。而物质刺激的方法对任何人都适用，甚至是宠物，其所产生的兴趣只是短暂的，比较低级的。因此，老师应该从小学生的生理和心理特点出发，精心设计教法，把英语课与活动课相融合，让学生在活动中快快乐乐学英语。同时，教师可根据小学生好胜心强的特点，开展适当的竞争性游戏，通过小组竞赛的形式，采取加减分数、抢得红五星等多种方法，使学生在竞争活动中获得成功所带来的满足感、成就感。而且，这类活动还能增强学生的团结协作意识，培养学生的合作精神。

二、有效提问是提高课堂教学效率的关键

提问是触发学生思维的引言，是激发学生觉悟的契机，是教学检测的手段。提问的质量制约着教学进程能否推进，决定着教学效果的好坏。要运用好提问，应当注意这样几点：

1、提问要有计划性。一堂课要提问几个问题，对于所提问题的切入角度都要进行精心的构思。先问什么，后问什么，教师要胸有成竹，精心策划。提问要由表及里，由浅入深，步步深入。教师思路明晰，也对学生思维起着潜在的导向作用。

2、提问要有启发性。提问要促进学生思考，要减少或避免走过场的应答式提问——简单地问“对不对”、 “好不表面热闹，价值不大，好”这种应答式的提问，思维的含量很少，而这样的提问在教师实际课堂教学中大有存在。

3、提问要难易适度。有效备课中有个环节就是“备学生”， 学生接受能力有差异，所以我们说要因材施教。提问要根据学生的实际水平，不可过浅，以免走过场;又不可过难，以防学生茫然失措，产生畏难情绪。

三、采用丰富多彩的课堂活动

小学英语教学内容更多的是以日常交流语言为主，带有很强的情境性。而由于孩子随意注意稳定性较差。这就要求我们将枯燥的教学内容还原为实际生活，将课堂教学活化为交流情境。而丰富多彩的活动正是英语教学的情境化中介，是优化英语课堂的关键，是教师了解实际的策略，更是教与学的中介。英语教学活动化，教师应真正树立为学生服务的观念，遵循学生的心理发展和认识发展规律，精心设计课堂的每一个环节，采取种种方法，充分调动学生主体参与的积极性，做学生学习与活动的参谋者，引导者和组织者。从实际出发，精心设计各种新鲜的活动，全身心地投入课堂，对学生的差异要心中有数，对出现的问题及时发现，及时解决，要使学生乐于参与，使他们能够在学习中尽情地发挥自己的才能，充分地表达自己的思想，勇敢地阐述自己的观点，真诚地表露自己的感情。这样，才会有利于全面发展，使他们喜欢英语，喜欢上英语课。

四、及时的给与多种形式的积极评价

教育是一个从量变到质变的不断发展的活动过程，需要根据情况变化及时做出判断和决定，由此产生相应的教育评价。评价是英语课程的重要的有机组成部分，是实现课程目标的重要保障。传统的评价重结果，轻过程，忽视人文性，往往使很多学生一旦失败几次，从此就失去了学习英语的兴趣和信心，课堂上再也见不到往日的微笑和高举的小手。苏霍姆林斯基说：“成功带来的愉快是一股强大的情感力量，儿童想当一名好学生的愿望就是依靠这个力量。”每个儿童都渴望成功，渴望得到老师的表扬，哪怕只是一次微笑。这就需要在平时的教学中注重形成性评价，注意发现每个学生学习的潜能，让他们自主地参与活动，完成学习。

五、及时反思是提高课堂教学效率的保证。

教学反思是教师以自己的教学活动过程和课堂教学实践作为思考对象而进行全面、深入、冷静的思考和总结，对自己在教学活动过程和课堂教学实践中所作出的行为决策以及由此产生的结果进行审视和分析的过程。本人认为，每堂课后，及时认真的进行课堂反思，总结得失，是一种不断地优化课堂教学，提高课堂教学效果的很好办法。

总之，我们只要在教学中以灵活多变的教学方法吸引学生积极参与课堂活动，激发他们的学习兴趣，我们追求的小学英语课堂高效就会慢慢实现。所以，我们要在教学中不断摸索，在摸索中不断前进，为学生将来的学习奠定坚实的基础。

Whenit comes to online shopping, different people holds different ideas towards it.Some people seem extremely enjoy the way of buying things online because theyfeel online shopping is so convenient. Some just don’t believe that they can buygood quality commodities from Internet. As far as I’m concerned, I think onlineshopping creates lots of benefits to people.

Firstly,buying things online is a way of saving time. Compared with the traditional wayof shopping, we have no need to go out to pick up our favorite goods from storeto store. Just a click, we can have things in our shopping cart and just waitfor the goods to be delivered to us. To this extent, not only we can save thetime of finding things from store to store but we don’t need to spend time ontransportation. Thus, we can save lots of time to enjoy fun.

Secondly,buying things online can save our money. People buy commodities by Internet notonly because it saves us time, but also, we can save lots of money. It is oftenseen that some people just go to the physical store to check out thecommodities they want to buy and then they would search for their favoritecommodities online and take the order. People do this just because they knowthat online goods are usually cheaper than the goods displayed in shop windowbecause online shop have no need to pay the rent. So, people are more inclinedto buying things from online store.

Thirdly,convenience is the last but not least thing of shopping online. Since we canbuy things online, there is no need to go out to look for things we want tobuy. What we need to do is to simply sit before our computer, search for thingswe want to buy, click our favorite thing and then pay our order by our bankcard. And then, you just need to wait for your goods to be delivered to yourhome.

Inconclusion, shopping online is a convenient, time-saving and money saving wayof buying things. Therefore, we can benefit a lot from shopping online. That’sthe reason of why shopping online has developed faster and faster in recentyears.

六、承包人建议书

（一）图纸 ............................................................... 3

（二）工程详细说明 ................................................3

（三）设备方案....................................................... 3

1、生产设备 ..............................................................3

2、必备的备品备件 ................................................. 4

3、备选的备品备件 ..................................................4

（四）分包方案 .........................................................4

（五）对发包人要求错误的说明 ........................... 4

（六）其他 ............................................................... .4

七、承包人实施方案

（一）概述 ................................................................ 7

1、项目简要介绍 ..................................................... 7

2、项目范围 ............................................................ ..7

3、项目特点 .............................................................. 7

（二）总体实施方案 ................................................ 8

1、项目目标 ............................................................ ..8

2、总承包服务目标 ....................................................9

3、项目实施组织形式 ............................................. 10

（三）项目实施要点 ............................................... 14

1、设计实施要点 ......................................................14

2、采购实施要点 ......................................................16

3、施工实施要点 ......................................................21

4 、试运行实施要点 .................................................24

（四）项目管理要点 .................................................26

1、合同管理要点 .......................................................26

2、资源管理要点 ...................................................... 28

3、质量控制要点 .......................................................32

4、进度控制要点 .......................................................39

5、费用估算及控制要点 ...........................................46

6、安全管理要点 ....................................................... 47

7、职业健康管理要点 ................................................55

8、环境管理要点 ....................................................... 60

9、沟通和协调管理要点 ........................................... 72

10、 财务管理要点 .................................................... 77

11、风险管理要点 ...................................................... 80

12、 文件及信息管理要点 ........................................ 87

13、报告制度 .............................................................. 93

六、承包人建议书

（一）图纸

本投标人提供的设计方案图纸的完善性、建筑物的立面造型、满足招标人对主要建筑物面积和主要建筑物楼层分布的要求、充分体现招标人意图，并财政评审工程量清单计价报在控制价内。

为严格将项目造价控制在施工招标控制价内（3000.00万元），在完成施工图设计并完成施工图审查工作后，立即编制工程量清单计价报管理公司审查，管理公司初步审查通过经管理委员会批准同意后报政府投资项目评审中心评审，形成财政评审价。经财政评审价（含暂列金）的价格若高于本次施工招标控制价的，则在不降低标准和改变方案的前提下10日历天内无条件完成优化设计后，再次编制工程量清单计价报管理公司审查，确保重新报审的金额在本次施工招标控制价以内。

（二）工程详细说明

“盘县2016 年民主片区城市棚户区改造综合整治项目”位于盘县民主镇，共改造1000 户，整治面积12 万平方米；建设房屋主体结构加固、房屋外墙修缮、内部老旧管线更换、环境综合整治、配套设施完善等。本项目采用EPC总承包模式，包含设计（含方案、初步设计、设计概算、施工图设计及后续技术服务、设计技术交底、解决施工中的设计技术问题、服务及咨询工作和竣工验收等全部设计工作）；施工总承包（含施工、竣工交付、竣工试验、工程保修等）等全部相关内容。 （三）设备方案

1、生产设备

满足设计施工需要及发包人要求。

2、必备的备品备件

满足设计施工需要及发包人要求。

3、备选的备品备件

满足设计施工需要及发包人要求。

（四）分包方案

完全响应招标文件的如下要求：

1、不得将其承包的全部工程转包给第三人，也不得将其承包的全部工程肢解后以分包的名义分别转包给第三人。

2、不得将设计和施工的主体、关键性工作分包给第三人。除专用合同条款另有约定外，未经发包人同意，也不得将非主体、非关键性工作分包给第三人。

3、分包人的资格能力应与其分包工作的标准和规模相适应。

4、发包人同意分包工作的，应向发包人和监理人提交分包合同副本。

（五）对发包人要求错误的说明

无

（六）其他

1、由建设单位（或监理单位）主持日常的监理例会，协调解决参建各方施工安全、施工质量、施工进度、等相关问题。

2、为了保证整个工程的质量、工期、造价都能达到使各方满意的效果，并按国家有关建设法规的要求，建设单位应支持总承包商对工程进行全面统筹管理，以便于协调各方工作。对于专业性很强的工作，由建设单位直接委托有关单位承建，也应在该分项工作的安全、质量、进度方面配合总包商的全面协调安排，以避免不必要的沟通障碍。

3、按施工招标文件要求，总承包商全面负责工程的建设。但有关的监督部门、监理以及当地行政管理部门都需要加强沟通。希望建设单位在此方面加强沟通，以便为工程顺利开展创造良好的外部环境。

4、编制科学合理的施工计划。项目部根据工程总进度计划及时编制各分部分项施工进度计划，充分采用交叉施工、流水作业等手段，科学安排施工的各要素，并严格落实，减少窝工、停工等现象，提高劳动生产率。

5、项目部在满足施工进度的前提下，科学编制月、季度要料计划；加强现场材料管理工作，做到用料计划准确无误，按工程进度需要，组织不同品种、规格的材料分批进场。材料、设备的采购要货比三家，最后确定供货单位，批量材料争取由厂家直接供应，以减少中间流通环节，降低材料采购的成本。进场的材料的设备要减少露天堆放的时间，防止自然损耗的丢失，减小保管费用。施工时做到限量领料，合理用料，降低材料的损耗量。

6、加强劳动力的调度与管理，按工程进度的需要配备劳动力，对施工班组采取比较彻底的责任承包办法，工资分配同所完成的工程挂钩，提倡一专多能，减少间歇窝工及非生产用工。

7、施工机具配备要合理，选用效率高的施工机械，提高生产率及机械化施工水平。

8、选用先进合理的施工工艺及施工方法，充分利用施工场地，提高施工效率。

9、合理组织施工，对安装工程来说，工程前期，施工配合工期长，耗工量大，后期工程量集中，工期紧、压力大，在施工安排上要及早采取相应的措施，做到边配合，边加工，有安装条件的抓紧

Born on 7th March, 1915 in Australia, Allan Stewart got his first degree in 1936 and several years later he became a Doctor of Medicine.

In his eighties he decided to study law and then he got his master’s degree in 2006 when he was the oldest one, setting a world record. In 2012 he received his fourth degree by means of e-learning. He was always good at arranging hid reasonable time of learning, and therefore his teachers appreciated him very much.

He firmly holds his views that he will challenge himself and never too late.

出生于1915年3月7日的澳大利亚人艾伦·斯图尔特在1936年获得第一个学位，几年后他成为了一位医学博士。

在他80多岁的时候，他决定学习法律，然后他在2006年取得了硕士学位，在当时他是获得该学位中年龄最大的一位，并创造了世界纪录。2012年，通过网络学习他取得了第四个学位。他总是善于合理安排学习的时间，因此他的老师非常欣赏他。

他坚持他的观点，那就是他在挑战自我的路上，永远为时不晚。

An Activity

Someone said here Lei Feng comes in March and goes in April. I thought they were wrong. This afternoon the students of our class went to the bus stop to help the drivers clean the buses.

As soon as the bus stopped at the station, a group of students got on it. Some cleaned the windows, some swept the floor, and others cleaned the wall inside. We worked hard while talking and laughing. When we found some coins lying on the floor, we picked them up and gave them to the conductors or the drivers.They were very happy and said, "It is very nice of you."

When I got home, it was five o’clock. I felt a little tired, but I was very happy to have done a good deed.

[初中初二英语作文

There is a big table in it. The table is pink and brown. There is a yellow story book on the table. Look! There is a green trash bin under the table. Where is the teddy bear? Oh! It’s on the bed. The teddy bear is cute. My bed is so big. It’s pink and blue. There is a picture on the wall. There is a mat on the floor. In front of the mat, there is a closet. The closet is beautiful. Over the closet, there is an air- conditioner.

I like my room. It’s the most beautiful room.

With the improvement of living conditions, more and more people can live

longer. However, many old people always suffer from loneliness, which is one of

the major problems in today’s society. To make the old people live better, some

good advice must be followed. Firstly, the young should spare more time to talk

and communicate with their parents, so as to relieve their loneliness. Secondly,

the old ought to understand the work pressure and family burden of the young.

Furthermore, the society are supposed to organize more activities for the old,

so that they can make more friends and have more joys and happiness in their

life.

一、积累词汇

初中学生在阅读理解方面最大的障碍就是词汇量的缺乏，而扩大词汇量绝非死记硬背就能做到。最有效的方法就是大量接触各种不同体裁的英语文章，利用“在句中记，在文中记”的方法来积累词汇。因此我们指导学生依据英语报刊的特点，按栏目、话题、题材、体裁归类收集常用词，将出现频率较高的常用词汇积累到单词本子上，查字典写例句，初步学会这些单词的运用，放在身边，利用零散时间反复记忆，加强印象。还要求学生给出与单词有关的同义、近义、反义和词形相似的词，使词汇量得到最大限度的复现。如：反义词appear/disappear， crowded/uncrowded，polite/impolite/rude.词形相似的词except/expect，chance/change/challenge.这样，通过大量的词汇练习不仅仅能有效地积累词汇，还为组句打下了基础，同时还能训练学生的发散性思维和总结、归纳、比较的能力，为学生正确使用词句奠定了良好的基础。

二、活用词句

当学生有了一定的词汇量的时候，教师在教学中可以采用先易后难的方法，让学生用简单的词组成句子，再以句子的构成作为学生进行写作训练的起点，引导学生从对单个句型的掌握，逐渐过渡到多种句型的混用，直到学生能连贯自如地表达思想。一句多译，句型转换，是书面表达能力的关键。总的来说，教师在平时的教学中要将日常生活中经常出现的词、句作为材料让学生训练，使学生乐于接受，轻松完成，享受成功感。

例如：以study为中心组成句子。

I study in No.3 Middle School.I study very hard.My sister studies in the same school.But she studies harder than me.等等。

三、创设情景

例如，学生举行运动会，开“生日聚会”，以“A sports meeting”和“My birthday party”为语境，让学生在活动中仔细观察，亲身体验，然后试着用自己所学的语言知识，表达“A sports meeting”和“My birthday party”这些话题。在我们新教材的每个单元中，都设有写作训练题，它们用英语设置语境，用英语提示内容，这些写的练习，与我们平时用汉语给语境、用英语完成段落的方式相比，更为理想。当然，教师在设立语境话题时要与学生的水平和能力相适应，应从简到难，从浅到深进行。否则，学生会无从下笔，久而久之，他们会失去信心。

四、注重听、说和阅读的培养

在英语写作中听、说、读、写应同步发展。写作是一种语言输出形式，只有语言输入大于语言输出，语言输出才有可能。英语写作训练作为英语综合能力训练之一，是与英语的听说读不可分割的，它们是相互影响、相互作用的有机统一体，必须注重听、说、读、写能力的同步发展。

比如笔者实施多年的“五分钟课前演讲”：在上正课前五分钟里，要学生用英语讲述一个故事(积累素材);或者课前朗读一篇短小精 的文章，让大家课后模仿;或者就大家平时关心的话题写一个发言稿或演讲稿进行课前发言;或者让学生自立主题，围绕自己喜欢的主题写一段话。这种课前训练取得了很好的效果。

五、写英文日记

要养成记英语日记勤练笔的习惯。经常用英语记日记等于天天在练笔，这无疑是提高英语写作行之有效的好办法。在记日记时，不要总是用简单句，要有意识地用一些好的词组、句型和复合句等，使文句更优美生动。对一些所给情景写的文章，写好后要对照一些范文，找出差距，然后再去练习，不仅能促使学生及时巩固所学的知识，还能锻炼他们的恒心和学习毅力，同时对提高英语作文也是很有帮助的。只有这样，学生才能通过多练习提高英语写作水平。

总之，学生英语写作水平的提高不是一朝一夕的事，英语写作能力培养的训练方法也是多方面的，因此需要我们英语教师在教学工作中不断探索、不断研究，总结出一些更富有创新活力的英语写作方法。鼓励学生平时要多积累语素材，要求他们坚持长期写作训练，做到善于思考、勤于训练、勇于探究，充分发挥学生的潜力。久而久之，学生的写作水平就会有大幅度的提高。

There is a library in our school. It is open from eight oclock in the morning till half past five in the afternoon. We often go there to borrow books.

We can borrow five books at a time and keep them for two weeks. If we cant finish reading them in two weeks, we can go and renew them. The librarian is always ready to help the students. If the book you want is out, she will help you to choose another one. We always take good care of the borrowed books. We can also look through newspapers and magazines in the reading-room, but we are not allowed to take them out of the reading-room.