我的家庭英语作文200词【热门20篇】

I live with my father and mother in a very big house in dongguan. my parents are both very busy. they leave for work very early in the morning and don’t return home until late in the evening.

When i am home on weekends from school, we spend a lot of time together. we talk about my studies, my health and my school life. i love my parents very much.

My grandparents are still living, but they don’t live with us. their health is good and they both do sports very early in the morning. my grandmother does gymnastics with elderly women her age in the park. both of my grandfathers play basketball in the morning and sometimes they go swimming.chinese people eat rice for every meal, but i don’t like rice because i think it is tasteless! we eat meat, fish and vegetables. my family eats noodles and congee. my favorite is noodles.

I often play computer games because i like it so much. i often watch japanese cartoon movies with my parents on the weekends. on long holidays we take trips, too.

That is my description of typical family life in china.

The average family income in our Kangming City increased from 8,000 yuan per year in 1998 to 20,000 yuan in 2008. In the meantime, the structure of the average family expenses has changed, too. These graphs show the change clearly.

The biggest part of the average family expenses is housing. In 1998, the average family spent 25 percent of its income on housing. In 2880, expenses on housing rose to 42 percent. Food and drink are the second biggest part of the average family expenses. In 1998, about 18% of the average income was spent on this item. In 2008, the figure grew to 30%. As a result of such increase in the expenses on housing and food, expenses on other items have been reduced from 57% in 1998 to 28%in 2008.

Thus, a conclusion can be drawn that as income increases, people can improve their living step. But still the average family has to spend a large part of income to meet the basic needs.

[写家庭消费的变化英语作文

I have a warm family of four, is composed of father, mother, sister and I. This home no villa of exquisite, also does not have a person of extraordinary powers curtilage the broad, but I feel very warm. I have an industrious mother and the father of a diligent, studious.

Then a week is the first day of school. In the evening, I in the orange light, pen sasha vujacic and write a lot, I wrote a hours continuously, also in writing. Then the third is more than ten in the evening. All of a sudden my pen. It is a puzzle interrupted my train of thought. I am also tired, have at my desk, and then I heard a sound behind familiar and friendly care: "tired?"

Looked up, I saw my father beside, looked at me and said to me: "this essay is to make you feel sweet feeling the usual written." Some reluctantly I pick up the pen to continue writing, because it cant figure out how to do. But dad seemed to see my thoughts. Then he picked up my pen, carefully explained, until I finish this article. I got up to drink water, wash up, ready to go to bed.

I lay in bed, into a thoughtful mood. May not be entirely warm I feel warm home, but have a warm and strong, they are like two wind blew me, I want to good grasp of the steering wheel, I dont sweet words sank, and wont be defeated by those tough words, this is my home.

我有一个温馨的四口之家，是由爸爸、妈妈、姐姐和我组成的。这个家没有别墅的精美绝伦，也没有豪宅的宽阔，可是我觉得格外温暖。我有一个勤劳的母亲和一个勤思好学的父亲。

再一个礼拜是开学的第一天。晚上，我在橙黄色的灯光下，笔沙沙的写个不停，连续写了一个小时的我，还在写着。这时巳是晚上十点多钟。突然我的笔不动了。原来是一道难题打断了我的思路。我也累了，巳经趴在桌子上，这时我的身后传来了一声熟悉而亲切的关怀：“累了吗?”

抬头时，我看到爸爸在旁边，看着我跟我说：“这篇作文就是让你把平常觉得温馨的感觉写出来。”我有些不情愿地拿起笔来继续写，因为实在想不出来怎么作。但爸爸似乎看出了我的心思。于是他拿起我的笔，仔细地讲解起来，直到我做完这篇文章为止。我起身喝水，洗漱完毕，就准备睡觉了。

我躺在床上，陷入了沈思。我觉得温暖的家不一定完全温暖，但有温馨和强硬，它们就像两股风向我吹来，我要掌握好手中的方向盘，使我不被甜言蜜语沈没，也不会因那些强硬的话而打败，这就是我的家。

Every family has a lot of housework. I think its our duty to help our parents do some housework.

I often help my parents wash the dishes, clean the room and make the bed. I think Ive learned how to take care of myself and my family by doing housework.

It can make me happy,too. And doing housework is also a kind of exercise.

The summer holiday is coming. Im going to do some shopping and water the flowers every week.

I will learn how to cook delicious dishes,too.

I think ill have a busy and happy holiday.

[有关我的家庭英语作文5篇

I have a happy family.I like my family forever.

I love my family, because I have a happy family.

My father is an English teacher. His name is Jacky. He is thirty-eight. He likes playing basketball. What’s my mother job? Is she a teacher? Yes, you’re right! My mother is very kind and nice, she is thirty-seven. My mother is always laborious work. I love my parents!

On Saturday and Sunday, I often go to the library and play the piano, My father go to play basketball. Sometimes, we watch TV and listen to music at home.

I love my family. Because I’m very happy to live with my parents together!

[介绍我的家庭英语作文5篇

Sunday， May 18th

I am Zhou Yu. Im eleven years old. I live near the school. I go to school from Monday to Friday every week. In my family there are three people. My father， my mother and I. My father is a bus driver. He is friendly. He has a lot of friends. My mother is a teacher. She teaches in my school. She does housework every day. I love them.

参考译文：我的家庭

我是周宇，今年11岁，我住在学校附近。我每周星期一到星期五上学。我家有三口人，父亲、母亲和我。我父亲是公共汽车驾驶员，他待人友好，有很多朋友。我目前是因为教师，她在我的学校任教，她每天做家务。我爱他们。

I have a big family. There are 6 people in my family. They are my grandparents, my parents, my sisiter and I. My grandparents are both teachers. My father is a doctor and my mohter is a nurse. They both work in the same hospital. They work very hard. My sisiter and I are both students. But we study in different schools. Both of us study very hard and do well in our lessons. I love my family. I think it is the happiest one in the world.

我的家庭(My family)

I love my family,because I have a happy family.

My father is an English teacher.His name is Jacky.He is thirty-eight.He likes playing basketball.What’s my mother jop?Is she a teacher?Yes,you’re right!My mother is very kind and nice,she is thirty-seven.My mother is always laborious work.I love my parents!

On Staurday and Sunday,I often go to the library and play the piano,My father go to play basketball.Sometimes,we watch TV and listen to music at home.

I love my family.Because I’m very happy to live with my parents together!

译文：

我的家庭

我爱我的家庭,因为我有一个快乐的家庭.

我的爸爸是一名英语教师,他的名字叫Jacky.他今年38岁.他非常喜欢打篮球.我的妈妈是赶什么呢?她是一名教师吗?是的.你说对了!我的妈妈是一个很亲切、友善的人,她今年37岁.我妈妈总是勤劳的干活.我爱我的父母.

在星期六和星期天里,我经常去图书馆和弹钢琴.我爸爸去打篮球.有时侯,我们都在家看电视和听音乐.

我爱我家.因为我和爸爸妈妈一起生活得很开心!

[我的家庭(My family)英语作文

导语：我的家里每天都有欢笑声，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

In my big family, there are six members. They are my grandfather, my grandmother, my father, my mother, my little brother and I. We live together happily.

My grandfather and grandmother are in their seventies. My grandfather has something wrong with his heart, while my grandmother is in good health. Last summer, I taught her to play chess. She was so intrested in it that I had to play with her all day on weekends!

My father is a doctor and my mother is a middle school teacher. They are all very busy and hard-working. Although sometimes they disagree with each other, they respect each other.

My little brother is only two years old. He is very lovely. He has a round face and two big black eyes. There are two dimples on his cheeks when he smiles just like me. I often can’t help kissing him. Sometimes he is very naughty. When I don’t want to get up in the morning, he comes to pinch my ear to wake me, and runs away quickly when I open my eyes angrily.

What a harmonious family we have! I love my family forever!

【参考译文】

在我的大家庭里，有六个成员。他们是我的爷爷，奶奶，爸爸，妈妈，弟弟和我。

我爷爷和奶奶七十多岁了。我爷爷的心脏有点问题，而我的祖母身体很好。去年夏天，我教她下棋。她很感兴趣，我只好跟她玩一整天在周末!

我父亲是医生，我母亲是中学教师。他们都很忙，工作很努力。虽然有时他们意见不一致，但他们彼此尊重。

我的弟弟只有2岁。他非常可爱。他有一张圆圆的脸和两只大大的黑眼睛。他的脸上有两个酒窝，他笑得跟我一样。我常常忍不住吻他。有时他很调皮。当我早上不想起床时，他会来抓我的耳朵叫醒我，当我愤怒地睁开眼睛时，我很快就跑开了。

我们的家庭和睦和睦!我永远爱我的家人!

My Hometown

No matter where I am, I find it hard to resist the tempting call of my hometown. Situated at the northern tip of Anhui province, my hometown, Dangshan county, is the junction of four provinces. They are respectively in Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong and Henan.

My hometown is the northern gate of Anhui province, located in the southern end of the Huanghuai plain, and also a bridgehead for the Eurasia continental bridge.

Dangshan has a long history. During the warring states period, it is called Dang city. With the migration of history, in 1950, with the establishment of people’s government, it would not have been the size of the now.

Profit from rich natural humanities landscape, my hometown have been gave birth to the large number of historical figures, such as Zhuwen, who is the Ming emperor, famous military Xuexian, famous painter Qibaishi, and so on. At the same time, many people are attracted by the unique scenery in my hometown; one of the most distinguished is Libai.

Today, my hometown has also a lot of very beautiful scenery, the most famous is the beautiful Yellow River old river way. This beautiful scenic area is the best place for a holiday in summer. Mention my hometown, have to mention is a pear. The pear in my hometown is well-known throughout the country. Here has the world’s largest pear flower sea. There is a poem that as if the vernal breeze had come back overnight, adorning thousands of pear trees with white blossoms, exception is the pear flower here.

I love my hometown. She is where I have lived for 18 years with my patents, my good friends, and my teachers who have supported me. She has almost all my memories. No matter where I would go I will never forget her. Yes, everything that it gave me could be given by other places, but my love won’t be changed, because it is my hometown.

Everyone has his own family, have a happy, happy, sad, despair; There are broken... But my family is happy, happy

I think the family is a inseparable, everyone stood in their respective positions, the number of my family is very energetic, love to laugh I have a brother, resistance to bears father, love clean, mom like nagging grandpa. My family in big cradle grow slowly, at the same time my family also opens a branch to leaf in a step by step.

My father is a farmer, every day in the sun insolates, but he no matter how hard, dont complain to me, blame, what pain are buried in the heart, dont let me know, so a person silently bear.

My mother is a housewife, every day to clean the house, waiting for dad to go home.

My brother loves me, no matter how busy every day, he will be fit to teach me homework.

My grandpa is my talisman, met with him to help me with everything, for fear that I will receive a little bit of damage.

My position in the home is happy, whenever I feel home atmosphere wrong, I can speak a joke to let everybody burst into laughter, for this, mom and dad is very familiar, also take me as a three-year-old as care for the kids, I am very happy. Whenever I meet what unhappy things, to the house will wipe all light, because dad said: "what happened no matter, want to think you have a warm home, can at any time to the safe haven, because it is your life not lose home."

My family and I are always together, no matter how big the storm will not break up.

每个人都有属于自己的家庭，有幸福的，开心的，有伤心的，绝望的;有支离破碎的……不过我的家庭是幸福的，美满的

我觉得家庭是个分不开的手，每一个人都在各自的岗位上站着，我的家庭人数很充沛，我有一个爱笑的哥哥，耐吃苦的爸爸，爱干净的妈妈，喜欢唠叨的爷爷。我在家人的大摇篮里慢慢地成长，同时我的家庭也在一步一步地开枝散叶。

我的爸爸是个农民，每天在太阳底下暴晒，可是他不管有多辛苦，都不会向我诉苦，埋怨，把什么辛苦都埋在心里，不让我知道，就一个人默默地承担。

我的妈妈是个家庭主妇，每天打扫着家里，等待爸爸回家。

我的哥哥很爱我，每天不管有多忙，他都会抽空来教我功课。

我的爷爷是我的护身符，遇到了什么事他都帮我顶着，生怕我会收到一丁点的伤害。

我在家里的定位是开心果，每当我感觉家里气氛不对的时候，我都会讲笑话让大家哄堂大笑，为此，爸爸妈妈很宠，还拿我当三岁小毛孩一样呵护着，我很幸福。每当我遇到了什么不开心的事，到家里就全部消灭光了，因为爸爸说过：“无论遇到了什么事，都要想着你有一个温暖的家，随时可以来这个避风港，因为它是你人生中不可失去的家。”

我和我的家庭是永远系在一起的，无论有多大的狂风暴雨都不会拆散。

I have a happy family. My dad and mom love me so much.

there are six people in my family, my mom, my dad, my grandparents, my sister and me.

My dad is a boss. He is 39 years old. He’s tall and strong. He is very strict, too. He likes cars. I always goes to car show when he has time. My mom is my dad’s assistant. She is in charge of the company. She is 34 years old. She is tall, thin and very kind. She likes going shopping and reading books.

My grandfather live with us. He’s old, short， and a little bit fat. He loves us very much. He likes listening to the Yue-Opra. My grandmother lives with us, too. She is old, short, thin and very kind, too. She likes planting trees and flowers. My younger sister is only three years old. She isn’t a student. She is very lovely. She is in Media Kindergarten. She likes watching TV. I am a student of Grade Six. I study very hard now.

I love my family. My family love me, too.

My home have a better, she is my mothers grandmother, a 97 - year - old, has been living in the center of the NingXi endowment, client care. Our family is going to go and see her. Along the way, I wonder: how old is she?

We came to the pension center, I saw many sunshine old man sitting in the courtyard, small eyes staring at us. Mom took me to a wheelchair, necking, cried: "grandma! We came back to see you!" I carefully looked at my grandma, she with white hair and wrinkled face, staring at us and smiling, pale hand pull me, uttered not dumb clearly in mouth: "who are you?" I, with a smile sweetly said: "I am too grandma, you dont know me? How are you now?" "Good! Good! I eat well, live well! Health!" Her with the wave, proudly said, "you dont have to worry about me."

I heard that too grandma compared to previous years, although the ear also very spirit, but the life cannot provide for oneself, want to rely on a wheelchair step the progenies, speak also some hard, still couldnt figure it out to see who she is. Every time someone come, she always pulls people chat, total want to come up with something to eat, to make the others eat, more and more like a naive child.

While they are in chat, I looked the yard of the other old men, some of them in the chat, some in silence in the sunshine, smiling looking at us. I think: if they miss their loved ones in? I hurriedly bring fruit among them to eat. They were very polite dodgery, eat up satisfactorily.

The setting sun is going to down the mountain, we reluctantly bade farewell, "too grandma, we come to see you again next time." I said. "Well, come again next time." Too grandma SOB to say. With his sleeves secretly wiped the tears is eyeful. Our heart suddenly hard up, determined to more time to accompany her next time.

我家有一位老寿星，她是我妈妈的奶奶，有97岁高龄了，一直住在宁溪养老中心，托人照顾。我们全家打算去看看她。一路上，我在想：她是怎样的老人呢?

我们来到了养老中心，只见院子里坐着许多晒太阳的老人，一个个目不转睛的注视着我们。妈妈带着我来到一张轮椅旁，亲热的喊了一声：“奶奶!我们回来看您了!”我仔细的打量着我的太奶奶，只见她满头白发，脸上布满皱纹，笑眯眯地盯着我们，伸出苍白的手用力拉住我，嘴里发出不清晰地哑声：“你是谁呀?”我笑着，甜甜地说：“我的太奶奶，您不认识我了吗?您现在身体好吗?”“好!好!我吃的好，住的好!身体也好!”她摆了摆手，自豪地说，“你们不用担心我。”

我听说太奶奶和前几年相比，虽然耳朵还很灵，但是生活已不能自理，要靠轮椅子代步了，说话也有些吃力，还认不清看她的是谁了。每次有人来，她总要拉住人聊天不放，总要拿出一些吃的东西，逗着别人吃，越来越像天真的小孩子了。

趁着她们在聊天，我瞧了瞧院子的其他老人，他们有的在聊天，有的在默默地晒太阳，有的微笑的打量着我们。我想：他们是否在想念他们的亲人呢?我赶紧带来的水果分给他们吃。他们很客气的推托后，满意地吃了起来。

夕阳快要下山了，我们依依不舍地告别，“太奶奶，我们下次再来看您。”我说。“好好，下次再来。”太奶奶哽咽着说。偷偷地用衣袖擦去已是满眶的泪水。我们的心一下子沉痛起来，下定决心下次要多些时间来陪伴她。

Look at the photo of my family,the girl is me.Im fourteen years old.Im in Dongzhou Middle School.I like reading, listening to music and drawing pictures. Im a happy girl. On the left is my mother. She is a teacher. She wears a pair of glasses.

Her hair is short.She looks young.On the right is my father.He is a teacher,too.He loves his students very much.But he likes smoking.My grandmother is behind my mother. She is a housewife.She washes clothes and cooks every day.My grandfather is behind my father. He is a chef.But now he has retired.I have a big family.I like my father, mother,grandfather, grandmother and they like me,too.

[有关我的家庭的英语作文

There are six people in my family, I, father, mother, sister, sister, brother, you dont see many of my home, but my family is a happy, warm family. My dad is knowledgeable, we often get together to discuss difficult problem, also often discuss laughed; My mother is not a knowledgeable person, but my mother also often accompany we get together to discuss the topic, out some questions for us; My sister and I are in the same school, if dad is not, some problem I will ask my sister, she always patiently explain for me; My sister and brother are two naughty kids, they two often play together.

When we dont go to school, the family often get together to open a family meeting, father and sister always say: "you guys want to good good study, cant live up to what we hope to you, you must concentrate on learning, cannot careless, dont let other people say our kids stupid." Whenever Im learning, I always write mom and dads words in the ears, we often together to tell jokes, riddles, and often laugh, neighbors heard, will always come and "patrol" again, added: "you see your familys crazy, doing?" Sister immediately chimed in: "we are telling a joke?". We often open a family meeting together, not only to tell jokes, riddles, and also often watch TV together,. To solve the problem. I am proud of I was born in the happy family, this is my family, a happy, warm family.

我们家一共有六口人，有我、爸爸、妈妈、姐姐、妹妹、弟弟，你们别看我家的人多，但我的家庭是一个幸福、温馨的家庭。我的爸爸知识渊博，我们经常会在一起讨论比较难的题，还经常会讨论得哈哈大笑;我的妈妈虽然不是一个知识渊博的人，但我的妈妈也经常会陪我们在一起讨论题，为我们出一些思考题;我的姐姐和我在同一所学校，如果爸爸不在的话，遇到一些难题我会问我姐姐，她总是耐心地为我讲解;我的妹妹和弟弟是两个调皮捣蛋的小鬼，他们两个经常会在一起玩耍。

在我们不上学的时候，我们一家人经常会聚在一起开家庭会议，爸爸和姐姐总会说：“你们几个要好好学习，不能辜负我们对你们的希望，在学习上你们一定要全神贯注，不能马虎，不要让别人说我们家的孩子笨。”每当我在学习的时候，我总会把爸爸妈妈的话记在耳边，我们还经常在一起讲笑话，猜谜语，还经常讲的开怀大笑，邻居听到了，总是会过来“巡视”一遍，还说：“你看你们家‘疯’的，在干吗?”妹立即附和道：“我们在讲笑话呢”。我们不仅经常在一起开家庭会议，讲笑话、猜谜语，还经常在一起看电视、做题。我为我出生在这个幸福的家庭而骄傲，这就是我的家庭，一个幸福、温馨的家庭。

the typhoon  is coming. it comes with the heavily wind and rains. this is my first time to see the wind so strong. i got sleeplessness on sunday night. the windows were making noises by the great wind. even i could hear the voice of the iron sheet down on the street. we could not go out while the typhoon coming. it was very dangers because we might be hit by the trees, ad signboards or others things. anyway, stayed at home was the best choice for the foul weather.

this afternoon, we play a game called ‘family tree’. this game is very interesting. i’m very interested in it. our teacher’s family is very large. she has many brothers and sisters. but i am unlucky, i has only a sister and i without brothers. but i think i have the best parents in the world. they are very friendly to me. i live in a good family. my grand parents loves me, too. when they buy meat, they will give the best parts of the meat to me.

when i was a child, i can’t undertand them. i want to have bread. my grand father took a bike to qu tang. because in our village there is no ‘bread house’. qu tang is far from our village. now i grow up. i understand them when i think of this things. i will cry i can’t use words to say i love them.

i love my family!

[我爱我的家庭的英语作文

In my family, dad, have a strong sense of humor is a concern, education my mother, and a lively and lovely to me.

My father work very hard, once every three days come back, to tell the truth, when he was not at home, the home is always lack of a joyous laughter.

But his job as the pursuit of life, seriously every job. Never care about little things, he often use some living examples to education I how to be a man, he often use some jokes to amuse my mother and I, when I was unhappy with some happy things make me happy. He also very hard-working, what are his in front, but sometimes he is very lazy, to sleep in every Sunday he didnt get up at half past nine, but also lets wake him up, so my father is a humorous, diligence and lazy people.

My mother is a housewife, she for us every day cleaning, cooking, washing clothes... Are her bag, but she never felt tired, serious with the housework, is particularly concerned about me. Homework and writing have very strict requirements, mathematics is her strong point, so she always gave me some really, often also teach me how to use x equation, equations of the complicated formulas to do, is to let I expanded aspect of knowledge. Think is useful to my life, so she will use these knowledge let me it is difficult for training. Her temper is very big, on a short fuse, but she can understand the how I mood, so we often communication, to find each other. This is my mother, strict and care about my people.

This is my home, warm and harmonious home.

在我家里，有一个非常幽默的爸爸，有一个关心，教育我的妈妈，还有一个活泼可爱的我。

我爸爸的工作很辛苦，每隔三天才回来一次，说实话，在他不在家的时候，家里总是缺少一份欢乐的笑声。

但是他把工作当做生活的追求，认真的对待每一份工作。从来不计较一些小事，他常常用一些生活的例子来教育我怎样做人，他还常常用一些笑话来逗我和妈妈开心，在我闷闷不乐的时候会用一些开心的事情让我高兴起来。他还非常勤劳，什么事都是他抢在前面，可是他有些时候又非常懒，每到星期天他都会睡到9：30才起床，而且还要让我们叫醒他，所以我爸爸是一个幽默，勤劳而又懒的人。

我妈妈是一名家庭主妇，她每天为我们打扫卫生，做饭，洗衣服……都是她包了，但她从来不嫌累，认真的干这些家务活，还特别关心我。作业和书写方面都要求的非常严格，数学是她的强项，所以她总是给我布置一些奥数题，还常常教我用x等式，方程组那些复杂的式子来做，是让我扩充知识面。觉得对我一生都有用，所以她才肯用这些难度大的知识让我进行训练。她的脾气很大，动不动就发火，但是她能体会到我是怎样的心情，所以我们常常沟通，来发现对方的不足。这就是我妈妈，严格又关心我的人。

这就是我的家，温馨而和睦的家。

My family day is very busy.

In the morning, mother always wakes up at 6:00, she does many housework: wash clothes, sweep the floor and clean the bedroom. I usually get up at 7:00 a.m. Because I will go to school. My father is lazy, he often gets up at half past seven.

When I get up, I brush my teeth and wash my face. Then I eat breakfast wish my mother. We eat egg, milk and bread, we are full. Father never eats breakfast at home, he eats breakfast at his company.

At 7:40a.m, father takes me and mother to school. Sometimes his driver takes us to school.

In school, mother teach Chinese class for her students. I have Chinese class, math class, English class and science class. After school, I go swimming, I’m very happy.

At 6:00, we arrive home. I eat so much junk food. Father usually eats dinner with his friends, hardly ever he eats dinner in the home.

At night, I do my homework, then go to bed. My mother usually reads books, sometimes she watches TV.

Hi! My name is Zhang Chong Hao. I have a happy family . There are three people in my family. My mother, My father and I .

My mother likes sleeping, her name is Wang YaJun. My father likes reading books, his name is Zhang Hai Hua . I’m 11 years old .I like play ping-pang. My favorite animal is koalas.

There are four people in my family. They are my father, my mother, my sister and I. My father is tall and thin.He likes to watch TV and movies and read books. My mother works in an office. She cooks very well. She is short and thin. My sister is a student. She is very clever. I am a student, too.I study hard. I like to play football and listen to music very much. I love my family a lot.

My family only there peoples, there are my father, my mother and me.

I’m fourteen year old. I’m very active, so I like playing with my friend, and I like playing computer.

My father is driver. He is strong and tall, but he looks very funny. He likes watch newspaper very mach.

My mother works at a factory. She is beautiful and tall too. She likes sports ,so she is very thin .

This is my family. Do you like my family? I like it very mach.