my favorite festival春节英语作文初中【合集20篇】
没有一回的快乐是无烦扰的。Thereisnopleasurewithoutbeingdisturbed.……小编带你了解更多有趣的内容,接下来要给大家提供的是:2024英语封信,希望你认真看完,会对你有帮助的!
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3075作文
1000初中英语满分
全文共 900 字
+ 加入清单We take a holiday of 7 days because of the National Day.As we all
know,October 1 is the National Day of China in Gregorian calendar.
In the holiday I went to visit the Yellow River Forest Park togeter with
three of my classmates.It was very boring when staying in the bus for a long
time,which made me doze off all the time,and at some time,I nearly struck my
head on the chair in the front of me.After two hours journery by bus,we finally
got to the park.But to my disappoint,there was nothing interesting here,except
some quiet normal things. Compared with the my school I stayed in,here was very
noisy and messy.
Though the park is beside the Yellow River,the air is still a little smelly
because there are a lot of animals such as horses,cocks and so on here,which
make lots of wastes every day while few people clean them. In a word,the park is
not so good as I had expected,and I felt unsatisfied about it.
更多相似作文
篇1:2024年春节初中
全文共 802 字
+ 加入清单春节,多么喜庆又令人期待的节日啊!可2020年的春节,却是那么特殊,因为,我们遭遇了一场突如其来的由“新型冠状病毒”引发的疫情灾难。
这“新型冠状病毒”的爆发点是在湖北省武汉市,听说这种病毒可能是从人类乱吃蝙蝠等野生动物开始的。简直太恐怖了,人类为什么要吃野生动物?书上不是说要我们人类和动物成为好朋友的吗?我真有点不敢相信。疫情爆发后的武汉全面封城,我从新闻里看到了武汉医院里人满为患,医生、护士冒着被感染的风险日夜奋战,在生死一线抢救病人;武汉市民被隔离在家,隔着电视屏幕,我都能感觉到他们的害怕和无助。幸好,全国各地人民向他们伸出了援手,有捐款的,有捐医疗物资的,还有捐蔬菜和食物的,大家纷纷为武汉捐献自己的一片爱心。我也通过妈妈的微信捐赠了20元钱。虽然钱不多,但我相信,只要有更多的人献出自己的爱心,我们就一定能战胜这场疫情灾难!
作为一名社区干部,我的老爸也奋战在防疫一线。从大年三十到今天,他一天也没有休息过,每天在社区指导工作,带领工作人员挨家挨户进行排查:从武汉、浙江回来的,去过湖北、浙江的,途径湖北、浙江的,老爸他们都要上门登记并叮嘱他们在家隔离,每天定时上门给他们测量温度,上报数据。除此之外,他每天还要开很多会,听取上级工作布置,汇报社区情况……我已经一个多星期没有见到他了。上次回来,他一进家门就冲进卫生间洗澡,生怕把病毒传染给我和妈妈。每次跟他通电话,他都心不在焉,三句话讲不到就跟旁边的人讨论工作的事情,唉………真是不忍心打扰他。听妈妈说,老爸每天都要工作到半夜,饭也不能按时吃,真是太辛苦了。我跟妈妈说:“我有点想爸爸了,而且老爸不在家,我有点缺乏安全感。”妈妈摸摸我的头说:“爸爸维护的是更多人的安全,这叫‘舍小家,为大家’,我们应该尽全力支持他。”妈妈说得很有道理,我为老爸的敬业精神点赞。
希望这次疫情能快点结束,还我们一个喜庆、团圆的春节,给我们一个健康、平安的中国!
篇2:2024庆祝虎年春节初中
全文共 332 字
+ 加入清单新的一年又悄悄地来到了我们的身边,这是中国人最兴奋、最激动的时刻。新的一年,新的气象,让我们在这新的一年里快快乐乐地成长吧!
扫房子
今天是腊月二十四,一大早,我就看见爸爸妈妈拿着扫帚,戴着口罩,好像大闹天宫似的,我就问爸爸:“爸爸,今天是什么日子,好像很隆重似的?”爸爸笑呵呵地对我说:“今天是腊月二十四,家家户户都在扫房子
放烟花
就这样,天色也不早了。之所以晚上是小孩子们的乐园,那是因为我们可以放烟花
拜年
一大早,我看妈妈从外面买来牛奶,酒……我心里就想着:哇!妈妈买来这么多好吃的,一定是我这几天表现非常好,所以才给我买这么多好吃的。我连忙跑过去兴奋地说:“这么多零食是给我的吗?”妈妈扑哧一笑说:“你这个小馋猫,这些是用来拜年
您瞧,这就是我家搞笑、快乐的春节了!
篇3:如何准备春节英语
全文共 1793 字
+ 加入清单Spring Festival is approaching, every household in hurry to buy Hui-chun, paintings and so on. On this night, I and my mom went to the fathers father held a Spring Festival party.
After a few minutes by car, we came to the destination. Has just entered the scene, I was attracted those colorful lights, as well as colored spotlights and turn the ball it! I made him look happy because I was the first time I saw such a beautiful stage.
My father and mother to find space to sit down. Soon, the hosts said: "The Chinese New Year Party now!" I think: Todays show will be very interesting. So, I would stare at the moderator. "The first program is Miss Xie Jimin the plateau, we welcome the applause!" Heard here, I have involuntarily clapped her hands, because Aunt Min is the father of the most friendly partner. With the music playing, sensitive mothers sister sang together, the audience cheers came from time to time, finally, Aunt Min to an ultra-high end audio in the program. The audience broke into thunderous applause, and some Han Qi a fathers slogan: "On, Yes!" Applause and shouts break out.
Show host came out and said: "The second program is the next Miss Zhu Xiaohong dance performances, we welcome the applause!" Soon, we saw one wearing a red dress and holding a big sister, tai chi fan out from the crowd, When she was up to the table, I suddenly felt the fire of the Chinese people have a continuously burning. "Deng, Deng, Deng." Music sounded, and immediately waved the big sister who played in the hands of Tai Chi fans, jump wonderful dance. She Shenqingruyan, action one by one, totally inexperienced, we can see his big sister rehearsal, how hard ah!
Unconsciously, this Chinese New Year party in a Unit, thunderous applause ended, the Spring Festival party really happy ah!
篇4:寒假英语作文初中
全文共 589 字
+ 加入清单The winter holiday is coming. I am very excited. I want to better my
holiday plan. Now let me tell you my plan.
I’m going to read some books and listen to music and relax for a few days
first. On the fifth day, I’m going to do my homework. Of course, I’m also going
to do some housework. Lunar New Year’s Day, I’m going to take a trip with my
parents. I think it must be very happy. I can hardly wait! In the first six days
of February, I’m going to visit my relatives. It’s going to be fun! After a few
days, I’m going to finish my homework, because I am going back to my school on
February 16th.
篇5:家乡的春节英语作文
全文共 1781 字
+ 加入清单In our hometown, the new year from La eight began almost at the beginning of the month, people continued to prepare the streets but also some special purchases for the Spring Festival, set up a stall, selling new year paintings. Although it is not in the real sense of the new year, but from peoples busy, also revealed a strong flavor of the year.
It should be the most important day after the number of the twelfth lunar month twenty-three, great to hear people say, this day to Jizao God, but also it Clay oven rolls. Its the small sugar pancake, which children love most.
Next to the most important is the year thirty, that is, the new years Eve, the street is more lively. The afternoon of every family busy couplets, grave worship their ancestors. In the evening, there is a very important task, it is in the evening, staying-up late on new years Eve, in addition to the very small children, other people have to stay up until the wee hours of the morning, to twelve points after another appeared in the sound of firecrackers, impression, then began to grandma and bread dumplings. For children, there is an important thing for — — put firecrackers, the children always love to take some brightly coloured cannon to put, the child is no exception, they are even larger than some children also love shooting.
In the first day of the year, we should go to the elderly and bring the money. At noon, the family will have to sit together and eat a reunion meal. The second day, mostly to pay New Years call relatives. During this period, children always like to follow the adult to join the relatives, because they can get a lot of age money.
In a word, although the Spring Festival in the hometown is roughly the same as other places, there is always a strong flavor of the hometown.
篇6:最新春节初中日记怎么写
全文共 703 字
+ 加入清单中国的节日有很多,其中让我最感兴趣的就是过春节,春节又叫“过年”,在农历的正月初一这一天,为什么叫过年呢?传说在很久很久以前,有一种凶猛的怪兽叫“年”,它平时待在海底,但每到除夕夜里的时候,“年”便出来伤害百姓,后来人们知道年很怕红色和响声,便在除夕夜这一天,每家每户都在门上贴上大红纸、点蜡烛、放鞭炮,再后来这个习俗就慢慢的流传了下来。
关于过春节的习俗还有包饺子、贴对联、吃年夜饭、和看春节联欢晚会,一家人会团聚在一起。在春节里,我最喜欢和家里人一边包饺子,一边看春节晚会。我最喜欢吃的是三鲜馅的饺子,爸爸负责擀皮,妈妈奶奶和我负责包饺子,我们在饺子里包入了五个硬币,奶奶说:“谁吃到带硬币的饺子,就会给谁带来好运”。不一会儿饺子就包好了,又煮了几分钟,美味可口的饺子就上桌了,因为饺子里有硬币,我便大口大口的吃起来,没想到,爸爸一下子就吃到了两个硬币饺子,我也不服输,也吃到了两个硬币饺子,最后一个在哪里呢,我在盘子里夹来夹去,终于找到了一个闪闪发亮的饺子,我连忙用筷子扎开了饺子皮,果然是最后一个硬币饺子,我开心的说了一声“YES”!然后便哈哈的大笑起来。
我很喜欢和爸爸一起放鞭炮,我们准备了各种各样的鞭炮,爸爸用打火机点燃了“震天雷”,只听见“啪”的一声,一个大火球腾空而起,蹿上了天,很过瘾。接着,我们又点燃了几种鞭炮,那些五颜六色的花火,就像是一片片迎风飘扬的彩色花瓣,美丽极了。
过春节还有很多有趣的事情,每年的春节我都过得很快乐,春节是中国人的节日,也是全世界华人的节日,春节也代表着辞旧迎新,这不禁让我想起了王安石的一首诗“爆竹声中一岁除,春风送暖入屠苏。千门万户瞳瞳日,总把新桃换旧符。”
篇7:2024初中英语教师个人工作计划
全文共 1062 字
+ 加入清单一、指导思想:
围绕课改完善和深化学科教学常规,严格执行教研室、学校的各项教育、教学制度和要求,加强英语学科与信息技术的整合,聚焦常态课堂,关注教师成长,强调团队合作精神,全面提高英语教学质量,切实抓好校本科研、校本培训,从而促进全体英语教师的业务水平。
二、基本思路:
1、教学目标:培养兴趣,加强学法指导,抓常态课堂、高效课堂,稳固提高英语教学质量。
2、教研目标:组织进行校内外的教学研究活动,认真撰写论文,组织老师上研究课、示范课,通过研讨、评课等形式,做好课后反思,使本组教师理论与实践水平共同提高。
三、具体工作:
1、加强理论学习,更新教学理念,全面推进素质教育。全体英语教师都要抽出时间学习新理论,以先进的教育理念指导自己的教育教学实践。改进评价内容和评价方法,即努力做到关注学生学业成就的同时,还要关注学生情感态度、行为方式的发展,注重培养学生综合实践的能力,全面提高学生的素质。
2、强化教学常规的落实,提高课堂教学效率,组织教师认真学习学校教学常规,指导检查教师的教学工作,特别抓好“备课”、“上课”、“课后辅导”、“培优辅导”等主要环节,鼓励教师充分发挥教学特长,有效提高教学效率。
3、加强集体备课仍是本学期教研组工作的重点,因此要做到有计划、有目标、有实效,不走形式,各备课组每周至少活动一次,时间固定,要紧紧围绕教研组活动的主题,并有活动记录。以集体力量、集体智慧来提高英语组全体教师的业务水平。
4、打造“常态课堂、高效课堂”。教研组各教师认真学习常态课堂的基本要求,并每人按计划上一次公开课,要求集体备课,及时评课,找出不足,共同学习,共同促进,以学生的主体作用为重点,以合作学习的时效性为重点,从而来实现高效课堂。
5、加快信息技术学习进程,从而推动学科教学与信息技术的整合。组织所有教师运用现代教学理念设计多媒体教学辅助课件,组织多媒体教学观摩活动等,达到能将多媒体高效运用于英语教学中。
6、加强初三毕业班工作的研究,提高毕业班教学效率,组织全组成员认真学习《大纲》、《中考说明》,加强对中考动向的信息收集和试题研究。抓好听、说、读、写综合技能的培养,特别注重学生阅读能力的训练,另外所有英语教师要协助九年级教师搞好中考复习和模拟考试,力争中考第一仗顺利。
7、组织本教研组教师撰写论文。英语组要确定教研专题,全体英语教师通过理论学习和校本培训,不断反思、探索,并联系实际积极撰写英语教育教学论文。
总之,在校领导的带领下我们英语组全体组员会开拓进取,不断完善自己,将教学质量放首位,为学校的教育事业贡献力量。
篇8:初中英语作文大全
全文共 653 字
+ 加入清单Chinese is the necessary subject for students to learn. Even though some
students learn Chinese all the time, they know little about Chinese culture.
Today, the world is crazy about learning mandarin. A lot of foreigners are
interested in Chinese culture, and they learn the traditional thoughts from
Chinese great minds, such as Confucious. They also learn Tai Chi and they love
it. On the contrary, many Chinese students are not interested in our culture,
and they feel bored to learn. We should learn and get to know our culture well.
It is our duty, or someday we will be kicked out and lag behind others. In the
future, China will take the lead on economy.
篇9:关于春节的英语作文
全文共 1072 字
+ 加入清单New Year Party
On New Years Eve,our class had a party. The atmosphere was good. It was out of the ordinary from the very begining. The boy student from one bedroom gave an unusual performance. We saw a boy named Li Xinmin turn off all the lights in a sudden snap. Then with three resounding(响亮的) crow of a cock echoing in the hall,the hall was again brightly lit in a snap.
Then,the representative of the bedroom Zhu Guozhang asked us to guess a line of a poem related to the above situation. He added that Li Xinmin alone was born in the year of the dog and the other three were all born in the year of the chicken. They left us all in confusion. And it was our monitor who was quickwitted(机智的). He shouted our, "The day breaks as the cock crows three times at dawn." The hall After that,they had another item. This time Li Xinmin was placed in the middle of the circle. While he was standing there,the other three stood around him,each bowing down to him at an angle of 120 degrees. It was an idiom. This time I got it right:"The dog stands out among a group of chickens."
篇10:有关交流英语作文初中
全文共 741 字
+ 加入清单Once, I talked to the foreign people, he was staring at me all the time,
which made me feel not comfortable, so I chose to avoid his eyes and kept a
little distance from him. When I talked about this problem to my foreign
teacher, she told me that it was natural for them to look at you during
communication, which meant respect. While in China, people do the opposite
thing. They try to avoid eye-contact, because it is not eased to look at each
other. The different culture sometimes creates distance. The foreigners always
feel strange when they look at Chinese people’s eyes and every time when they
want to come closer to hear more clearly, Chinese people will walk away. So the
more we learn about the culture, the more we know about the world.
篇11:关于春节英语作文
全文共 1985 字
+ 加入清单There are a lot of good things in the spring festival, I want to talk about good things today is very common, for you may be a little insignificant.
Spring festival is near, but the archduke is not beautiful. It s been snowing for 50 years. Snow is more than 15 cm thick, hanging under the eaves of ice hanging more than 10 cm long, frozen into disaster. Road freezing caused traffic disruption, material shortages, many poles " waist". The problem of power failure and water shortage ensued. Winter was cold, without electricity can t bake the fire, it is worse. After the power failure, my candle used up, the market did not sell, had to eat dinner early, it was dark and went to sleep. And the headache is that water stopped after the blackout. Every day in order to water to go far away to mention, water is more precious than gold! Just start to wash a face once a day, to the next two days, take a shower more " Arabian nights". This kind of life makes us return to the " primitive society" all messed up. Although the spring festival is coming, but there is no festive atmosphere, very anxious to end this " dark without light day" life immediately.
Thirty in the morning, call, water! I turned on the light, the light lit in an instant; Open the electric heating furnace, immediately hot; Tap water, immediately water " wow" flow out. I am happy to dance, " primitive society" is finally over, our life is back to normal.
I saw premier Wen visit Hunan twice in 44 hours on the special TV " fight against ice and snow" program, and climbed up the mountain to comfort the power hero regardless of danger. I can t help but sigh with emotion at the touching scene: premier Wen is so kind! How warm the party and the government are! Don t care about electricity at ordinary times, at this time is how precious, is the power hero for life.
Have such a prime minister, have such a party and government, have such a hero, isn t it a joy to us? This joy is not personal, belong to everyone!
篇12:我的春节英语
全文共 947 字
+ 加入清单My Sheep year Spring Festival is special. My uncle and my aunt came back from Shanghai. My family were very happy to keep the Spring Festival with them. And it was the most exciting festival of all the festivals.
On New Year’s Eve, my father and my uncle talked about their work together. My mum did some cooking with my aunt Grandparents and I watched the New Year TV programmes. At about six o’clock, we had a special family dinner. We all thought the dumplings were delicious.
On the first day of the New Year, we visited our relatives. In the afternoon, we went shopping in Jiefanf Road. My uncle bought some Jay’s CDs. He likes Jay’s music very much. There were so many people on the road. It was more alive than any other time of a year.
On the second and the third days, we spent a wonderful weekend in the country. There were much bigger trees than in the city. And the animals were more beautiful than in the city. We all enjoyed ourselves.
篇13:初中英语满分
全文共 791 字
+ 加入清单With the development of the Internet, many people are used to shopping
online。 It has become a fashion in our daily life。 Some of us students also join
the group.
Shopping online has many advantages. Just by a click of the mouse, you can
buy what you’re interested in without going outdoors。 You can avoid getting
tired and being trapped in the crowded people and cars and save time。 When
shopping online, you can choose from more varieties of goods, whose prices are
generally lower.
Every coin has two sides。 Its disadvantages are obvious, too.On the one
hand, it’s very easy for you to buy goods different from the pictures you see on
the Internet。 On the other hand, shopping online may cause people to buy goods
that are not badly needed.That’s a waste of money.
All in all, I love shopping online.
篇14:读书的好处英语作文初中
全文共 1456 字
+ 加入清单I am a love reading girl, since I was young, I very love books, and book
the indissoluble bond. I put the book as an indispensable nourishment, he saw a
book like the hungry to see bread, fondle admiringly. Because the book is the
source of human wisdom, is the ladder of human progress. Book give me knowledge
and wisdom, and also gave me strength and courage. In my room, there is a large
bookcase, there are all books, every birthday, mom and dad asked me to want what
gift, I will blurt out: "a book, I as long as the book." When reading, I often
forget all about eating and sleeping, as if into another world.
Reading, can make us grow many knowledge, solve the problem. On one
occasion, grandmother domesticated some hares, hares to depilate, grandma see
hares like bite lice, gradually to open mouth, the neck fur with red meat, and
then use the tongue to the sides, and behind them in a hurry to say to me: "you
see how this rabbit. Red meat are exposed, it doing?" . I to grandma said with a
smile: "it is the hair removal, then fluff will regrow of glistening." My
grandma listened to, smiled and said to me: "how do you know?" I proudly said:
"from the book to see." It seems that these reading useless really big ah.
Colorful in the book, read the "lei feng diary let me know how people live
to be more of others, read" how the steel was tempered "which I understand the
difficulties cannot be back, have the perseverance and strong will to overcome
difficulties.
篇15:初中英语作文:我爱学习英语
全文共 1521 字
+ 加入清单Dear teacher and classmates:
I am very glad to make a speech here in this class again! This time, Id like to talk something about English.
I love English. English language is now used everywhere in the world. It has become the most common language on Internet and for international trade. Learning English makes me confident and brings me great pleasure.
When I was seven, my mother sent me to an English school. At there, I played games and sang English songs with other children . Then I discovered the beauty of the language, and began my colorful dream in the English world.
Everyday, I read English following the tapes. Sometimes, I watch English cartoons.
On the weekend, I often go to the English corner. By talking with different people there, I have made more and more friends as well as improved my oral English.
I hope I can travel around the world someday. I want to go to America to visit Washington Monument, because the president Washington is my idol. Of course, I want to go to London too, because England is where English language developed. If I can ride my bike in Cambridge university, I will be very happy.
I hope I can speak English with everyone in the world. Ill introduce China to them, such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City and Anshan.
I know, Rome was not built in a day. I believe that after continuous hard study, one day I can speak English very well.
If you want to be loved, you should learn to love and be lovable. So I believe as I love English everyday , it will love me too.
篇16:我的春节英语
全文共 372 字
+ 加入清单Spring Festival is the most importantand popular festival in China。Before Spring Festival ,the people usually clean and decorate their houses。And they go to the Flower Fairs to buy some flowers。During Spring Festival ,the adults usually give lucky money to children。People often get together and have a big meal。Some people eat dumpling for dinner。
I love Spring Festival 。
篇17:有关手机控的初中英语作文
全文共 992 字
+ 加入清单As the drawing presents, there is a man walking across the street absorbedly focusing on his cell phone without noticing the surroundings. This sort of phenomenon is not uncommon and rare in some metropolis, especially among the youngsters.
What the picture illustrates is the prevailing situation that has long existed in todays China. That is the mobile phone obsession. With the advent of information age, people are becoming increasingly fascinated on the electronic products, especially the cell phones. Not surprisingly, you could easily notice that most of us are obsessed in sending messages, playing online games with their mobile phones. It cannot be denied that this phenomenon may negatively impact the relationship among people, and therefore they will become estranged and isolated.
Personally, in view of the overuse of mobile phones, I hold that we individuals should raise the necessary awareness that good relationship are reinforced by sincere and face-to-face communication.
篇18:关于初中春节作文600字
全文共 570 字
+ 加入清单回忆起老家的春节,真是三天三夜也说不完啊!
街上的人行色匆匆,大包小包地往家里提,小贩们也挂出了红红的春联和福字……“年”的脚步又响起来了。
过年前夕,许多人都十分忙。许多去外地打工的人都带着大包小包的年货,向家走去。
在我们老家东北,大年三十晚上辞旧迎新,一定要吃饺子,在众多的饺子中只包上几只带有硬币的(现在人们讲究卫生,就用花生或其他果仁来代替。),谁吃到了这样的饺子就预示着在新的一年里会交好运,有吉祥之意。大年三十要点长寿灯,彻夜通明。大年三十一直到正月十五元宵节,每家每户都要挂红灯笼,到了晚上就要点亮灯笼,而且要点一晚上,不能关灯,意味着益寿延年,香火不断。
初一的一大早我就被鞭炮声吵醒了。 鞭炮四响,礼花冲天,大家的欢声笑语增添了过年的气氛.本是冷清的街道变得热闹,传统的春节就这样年复一年,一代人传一代人的延续着,灯火通明的居民区家家户户贴上了春联,请来了门神和财神以求全家人幸福安康,也寄予了新年的希望。在我们东北,上了年纪的老人都有这样一个说法,大年初一、初二这两天不扫地,就是不愿将好运气、财气扫走。所以只有等着到了初三才可以扫地。
正月不剪头。大年初一到农历二月初一之前不能剪头,如果剪头会克(死)舅舅,没有人会在正月里剪头。“二月二,龙抬头”这表示着二月初二这天人们剪头会很吉利,所以在这一天很多人都会争相剪头,讨吉利。
篇19:初中英语满分
全文共 575 字
+ 加入清单People always say that we are lacking of the eyes of realizing the beauty
in life. I can’t agree with it anymore. Last week, I woke up very early in the
morning, so I decided to take a walk. The street was very quiet and there were
many old people dancing in the square. Without many cars, I realized the city
looked so clean and beautiful. Some coffee shops decorates so well, which
attrated my eyes. The city was coverd by the green trees, which made it a green
city. I liked this feeling so much. At this moment, I found the city was so
lovely, I just ingored its beauty usually.
篇20:关于失败英语作文初中
全文共 1158 字
+ 加入清单When the national entrance examination is over, people always pay more
attention to those who are enrolled by colleges and universities. Those who
failed the examination are treated coldly. Being enrolled by colleges and
universities is, of course, worth congratulating. But giving the successful
candidates excessive praise and neglecting those who failed the examination
might send the wrong message: young people do not have a bright future unless
they go to college or university.
Teachers, parents and society, therefore, should give more attention to
students failing the examination. They are in more urgent need of understanding,
warmth and encouragement. We should tell them that to go to college is not the
only way to success, and that, if they make enough effort, they can still
develop talents in other occupations that will serve society.
Personally, the country’s economic development requires not only
specialized scientists and technical experts, but also knowledge-based workers
and skilled laborers. After some vocational training, these senior high school
students can also become backbones in their own fields and contribute their
wisdom to our society.