英语六年级写作基础知识(精品20篇)

英语写作中积累很重要。下面是语文迷网为大家整理的英语四级作文精彩句式，希望对你有帮助。

一.开头句型

1.Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.

2.Recently the problem has been brought into focus.

3. Nowadays there is a growing concern over ... .

4. What calls for special attention is that...

5. There’s no denying the fact that...

6. what’s far more important is that...

7.It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.

8.It is well-known that…

9.Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...

10.According to a recent survey, ...

11. With the rapid development of ..., ...

二.结尾句型

1.From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...

2.In conclusion, it is imperative that ...

3.In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. 4.With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.

5.Taking all these into account, we ...

6. Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...

7.All things considered, ...

8.It may be safely said that...

9.Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...

10. It can be concluded from the discussion that...

11. From my point of view, it would be better if...

三.表原因句型

1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.

A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).

2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.

3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...

4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...

5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...

6. Part of the explanations for it is that ...

7. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...

8. Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...

9. Perhaps the primary factor is that ...

10. But the fundamental cause is that ...

四.表比较句型

1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.

2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.

3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...

5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.

6.Like anything else, it has its faults.

7.A and B has several points in common.

8.However, the same is not applicable to B.

9. A and B differ in several ways.

10. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.

五.表证明句型

1. No one can deny the fact that ...

2. The idea is hardly supported by facts.

3. Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...

4. Recent studies indicate that ...

5. There is sufficient evidence to show that ...

6. According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...

六.表结果句型

1. It may give rise to a host of problems.

2. The immediate result it produces is ...

3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...

4. Its consequence can be so great that...

七.表反驳句型

1. It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.

2. There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.

3. Many of us have been under the illusion that...

4. It makes no sense to argue for ...

5. Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...

6. Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...

In the early winter, the wind is a little strong, at this time, it is perfect to fly the kite. I am so excited about this activity, my friends and I will always compete to see who can fly the highest kite. When I see the kite, I play with my friends and we have the good time. Running in the playground makes me so happy.

早期的冬天,风有点大,在这个时候,是非常适合放风筝的。对这个活动,我感到很兴奋。我和我的朋友们总是竞争,看谁能飞最高的风筝。当我看到风筝,我就会和朋友们一起玩耍，我们度过了美好的时光。在操场上奔跑让我感到快乐。

1.有很多同学早晨上学不吃早餐，这是一个不好的习惯，对身体有很大的危害。请根据提示写一篇短文，指出不吃早餐的危害。70个词左右。?

提示：1.不吃早餐对身体有害;2.不吃早餐会影响上午听课。

Every morning we

have to go to school very early, so many of us don’t have breakfast. It’s very

bad for our health. In the morning we usually have four classes. It’s a long

time before lunch. If we don’t eat anything for breakfast, we may feel hungry

and we can’t listen to the teacher carefully. We need energy very much while we

are growing. I really think that we should have a good breakfast.

2

. How to keep healthy

If we want to keep our

bodies healthy, we must have a good habit. We should get up and go to bed early

and sleep at least eight hours every day. Do more exercise, such as walking,

swimming, playing balls and so on. We should also eat healthy food——more fruit

and vegetables and less meat. If you don’t feel well, you’d better see a doctor

at once. And we should wash our hands before meals and drink enough boiled

water every day. It’s necessary for our health.

We should not throw

litter about, keep long fingernails and smoke etc. It’s also very important.

3.假如你的爸爸是个医生，曾参加了2003年的非典防治工作，虽然非典已经过去了，但是他对一家人的健康仍然很重视。请你写一篇60词左右的短文，讲一下只要预防得当，疾病并不可怕。

参考词汇：personal health个人健康 spit吐痰

overwork使……过于疲劳 food and drink饮食

Keeping healthy

3.My father is a doctor. In 2003,

he took an active part in the battle against SARS.

He said,“We don’t have

to be afraid of catching the illness. If we have good habits, we can keep the

illness away.”

My father and I like

running in the morning. We keep the windows open so that the air in the room is

clean and fresh. We wash our hands before meals. We have healthy food and

drink. We don’t spit here and there. He told us not to overwork because too

much work will make us tired and make it easy to get sick.

写论文的目的是大学生对自己4年的高等艺术专业本科学习进行一番梳理与总结，将艺术感性经验，以理性论证的方式写出来，供人供己以鉴真确，以存参考。然而，自上世纪80年代以来，艺术类学生写论文，常出现不是学生发愁，就是教师头疼的现象。究其原因，是学生能力较差，教师经验不足。故而，形成今日高等艺术教育中艺术论文写作的怪相。

笔者通过几年来的毕业论文辅导，以及与其他院校教师的交流，剖析艺术类本科学生论文存在的问题，总结自己的实践经验以提供一些有益的参考。

许慎《说文解字》说：论，思也、叙也、议也。文，错画也。其意是对事物进行整体把握、反复论证、交错描述，以求正解。因之，论文是一种特殊文体，是运用理性和逻辑方法提出和解决问题的一种文体。17世纪笛卡尔在方法论中提出理性主义，把如何有效地获取知识变为可能。笛卡尔强调人要正确地运用才智。他所说的才智就是判别真假是非的理性。自笛卡尔的方法论问世后，世界各大学均采用这种文体来分析和解决问题。目前，大学论文目的是检验学生通过4年本科的专业学习后，是否能熟练运用所学的专业知识分析和解决问题。论文并非要求学生有什么重大的科学发明和发现，而是通过论文写作教学环节，让学生学会和掌握一种比较思考、分析范式、逻辑推理、辨析结论的科学认知方法，为一生的人生实践打好基础。

然而，艺术类本科学生在论文最基本的选题、结构、内容、用词等方面存在一定的问题，分析如下。

首先是选题。很多学生写论文论题很大，论文喜欢冠以“中国”“社会”“西方”等大而不当的标题。以学生20多岁年龄，尚未步入社会的学识和经历而言，如此大的论题是难以驾驭的。由于论题过大，学生在写作时，常常出现跨出和超越专业知识边界的情况，降低其专业性。针对以上问题，探究原因，不外乎三方面：一是教师、二是学生、三是社会。从教师的层面来分析，可能是论文指导教师受知识结构所限，不能深入指导，未达到庄子所谓“尽精微，致广大”的治学境界，反而出现指导粗疏的情况。学生“跨出和超越专业知识边界”写作的现象，实质上是对自己专业内涵和定位认识是否清楚的问题。不同专业有不同的专业知识体系，如果说学生借用其他专业的知识来论证自己的论点尚可，但如果是专门研究一个新的专业领域就是严重的“跑题”。教师至少要起到“把关人”的作用，让学生在正确的道路上深入下去。也可能是教师在指导过程中没有把知识有效传达给学生，讲述方法不得当，学生未听明白;也有可能是“教不严，师之惰”，教师自身教学、科研、管理等诸事繁多，无暇顾及等。从学生方面来说，这和自身对论文写作的认识态度有关，有些学生写论文只是毕业需要和求职需要，并非兴趣所在，也并非要试着去研究一个问题。当然，也不乏有学生想认真写篇好论文，但苦于不知如何下手，对于这种情况，即使有教师的指导，但时间有限，对学生从头开始的论文写作训练也非短时间内能明显奏效。解决此问题，应从整个课程设置上全盘考虑，要提前安排与未来的毕业论文写作有关的课程，对学生进行提前训练，至少要先掌握写论文的方法。从学校环境小社会来讲，由于受到时下浮夸、躁动风气的浸染，与《大学》中所谓“格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下”八条目的要求，多少已出现了背离。

其次是结构。大多数学生的毕业论文结构宏大，章节繁复。一般格式是绪论概述、案例分析、未来展望、结论教条的新八股论文模式。一篇几千字的论文可以拼装成5—10章10—20节的庞大结构。造成论文论题还未展开、论点还未摆出就草草结论，因而出现论证不够、字数拼凑的问题，形成章节与文字、章节与章节、章节与题目之间的脱节。

分析其原因，此类书籍章节似的论文写作，与大学之前的应试教育有关。学生习惯往现成的框架里填材料，根据框架结构去找资料，不是从收集材料到发现问题或有兴趣点的有感而发，很多学生是想当然地开始写论文，常有学生还没收集多少资料，题目和大纲已经完成，写到后面的结果只能是削足适履。章节之间的逻辑联系问题，则反映出艺术类学生理性思维能力薄弱的问题，对此问题，就得在教学过程中，教学内容按科学和理性的方法进行讲授，这早在上个世纪的德国包豪斯大学就已经进行了探索。如何激发和培养学生的理性认识能力，在教学上不妨好好研究和利用国外成功的培养模式以合理进行课程设置。此外，艺术类本科生论文写作依然要遵循文科生论文写作的要求，体系规范，逻辑严谨，非艺术感想和散文写作。最后，教师可以鼓励学生多阅读，也可有意去选修一些人文课程，比如哲学和理工科课程，完善知识结构，丰富认知。

再次是内容。由于毕业论文题目太大和结构繁杂，论文内容自然不实，论述时凑字数，论证自然也无以构成有说服力的逻辑链，因为所有论据不是来源于生活和实践，甚至有学生从网上拷贝、剪贴、拼凑论文。出现论点与论述不符、行文论述不平衡、论证无力等问题。

论文写作要有感而发，发现问题，又有兴趣之后，就要用科学、理性的方法去研究和分析，不能停留在现象表面，要努力揭示现象背后的本质。无感而发或为论文而论文的写作，只能是凑字数，论证无力。

“读万卷书，行万里路”对于学习艺术的学生来说同样重要。社会生活是艺术创造取之不尽，用之不竭的源泉，“手中之竹”是建立在“眼中之竹”和“胸中之竹”的基础上的。北京高校的艺术类学生有着地方院校无法比拟的资源和信息优势，798艺术区、草场地艺术区、中国美术馆、今日美术馆、首都博物馆、故宫博物院、高校内部艺术馆等艺术类展览集中的地方，都是学生课本学习之外丰富学识、获取灵感的地方。虽不要求学生有一鸣惊人的创新研究，但至少要有感而发，通过论文写作学会和掌握一种理性分析和思考问题的科学认知方法。

最后是用词。论文语言表述要求准确无误。这里涉及语文的词汇运用问题。论文写作一般从解词入手，特别是关键词理解和使用尤为重要，而学生毕业论文中忽略对基本词义的准确理解，常常望文生义，似是而非，结果失之毫厘谬以千里。这是一个语文基础问题。主要是缘于学生语文基础知识的薄弱，以至于对遣词造句和语法没有很好地掌握。针对此类问题，主要是大量阅读经典范文，在老师的指导下根据兴趣和专业方向，有针对性地阅读一些治学严谨的大家、学者的专著或论

如何写好高中作文，对于学生作文的写作基础也要好好的训练，话题作文的基本要求：话题作文还是要审题，所写内容必须在话题范围之内。“立意自 定”，关键要读懂话题关键词的意旨，若给出导语提示，还应划出导语中包含归结的关键语词。一般初学者，首先要注意让这些关键词贯穿在自己作文的始终，统帅 自己的文意。以下是为大家分享的高中语文话题作文的写作基础，供大家参考借鉴，欢迎浏览!

如何写好高中作文，对于学生作文的写作基础也要好好的训练,实际效果又发现学生完全没有一般思想认识的基础，真正可见现在所谓合格教育的成效，和高中教学要求的“架空作业”。

一、文章形式的革命——夹叙夹议

尽快脱离初中只重记叙，笼统归结的写法。高中的作文记叙只向最高水平开一条缝，你得复杂记叙，融情思与哲理于一炉，有最动人的细节和最精美的表达，巧妙蕴 含深刻的思辨和无穷的回味，这不是一般人能做到的，更不是学不会议论抒情的同学的避难所。所以，比自己多练议论，远比固守初中记叙的窠臼要有前途。高中的 记叙必须简约，只提炼能说明自己观点的内核，而尽量舍弃叙述的完整过程与细节。叙，惜墨如金；而起始学写议，应力求具体多点分析阐述。

二、文章立意的升华——深入浅出

叙完笼统归结是初中模式作文的又一通病，常常文章的结尾具有宽泛的普适性，而缺乏对文章应有之义作具体针对性的挖掘阐发，常常文章的“穿鞋戴帽”大到可以 套在无数篇文章上，却没什么真正的思考。高中作文倘使还用夹叙夹议，也要对叙的材料反复推敲，找出几例可以统一在一个观点里的材料，就材料的不同侧面来评 析议论，最后上升归结出恰当切题、言之有物的中心。

三、文章表达的提高——点睛生花

好的文笔追求更高效率、更多意蕴。描述中就渗透情思与评析，这是较高水平的表达。一般的叙议分段，也应注意所叙材料紧贴自己的议论，议论应采取逐层推进， 前后分界，避免相互缠绕。但又必须前后连贯，形成一个整体。在文章中一定写好精心组织的关键议论，努力使文章多处呈现运用一定修辞的文采。

话题作文训练举隅

话题作文的基本要求：话题作文还是要审题，所写内容必须在话题范围之内。“立意自定”，关键要读懂话题关键词的意旨，若给出导语提示，还应划出导语中包含归结的关键语词。一般初学者，首先要注意让这些关键词贯穿在自己作文的始终，统帅自己的文意。

规定“题目自拟”，一定不要用话题作标题。1、标题范围尽量要小，不要太大太泛；要合理出新，不落俗套。2、标题不能过长，可以采用副标题的方式对主标题加以限制。3、标题要含蓄，把思维蕴涵于形象的标题之中。

1、建安文学的代表作家是曹操、曹丕、曹植父子，合称“三曹”。

2、“老骥伏枥，志在千里，烈士暮年，壮心不已”是曹操《龟虽寿》中的名句，表现了英雄人物老当益壮的胸怀。

3、蔡琰，字文姬，是建安时期的女诗人。她的五言《悲愤诗》表现汉末政治动乱所造成的人民疾苦。

4、阮籍是正始时期文学成就最高的作家，有五言诗八十二首，总名为《咏怀诗》。

5、陶渊明，东晋(公元317---420年)大诗人。他的诗表现田园恬淡宁静的生活情景，被人们称为“田园诗人”。

6、陶渊明较晚时期所写的《桃花源诗并记》标志着他思想和艺术的新高度，诗人在这里提出了“世外桃源”的社会理想。

7、抒情长诗《西洲曲》代表了南朝(公元420——589年)民歌在艺术发展上的最高成就。

8、“天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊”是北朝民歌《敕勒歌》中的诗句，描写了北方大草原的风光。

9、《木兰诗》是北朝民歌的杰出代表作，描写了女英雄花木兰代父从军的动人故事。

10、南朝诗人谢灵运是山水诗派的开创者。

11、干宝的《搜神记》是魏晋南北朝志怪小说的代表。

12、刘义庆编写的《世说新语》是纪录魏晋南北朝时期一些人物言行和趣事的小品文，生动活泼，文笔简洁。

13、《文心雕龙》是一部评论文学的著作，对后代文学评论有很大的影响。

14、锺嵘的《诗品》是一部评论诗歌的著作，对后代诗歌评论有很大的影响。

15、唐代(公元618——907年)的诗歌、散文和小说都十分发达，尤其是唐诗的成就最高。

16、唐代出现了很多的伟大诗人，象李白、杜甫、白居易、刘禹锡、李商隐等等。

17、唐代文学家韩愈和柳宗元发起了古文运动。

18、唐代诗歌发展一般分成四个阶段：初唐、盛唐、中唐、晚唐。

19、流传到今天的唐诗有5万多首，是这以前诗歌总和的两三倍。

20、唐代诗歌分古体和近体。古体句数不限，每句的平仄也较自由。近体分律诗、绝句两种。律诗格律较严，每首四联八句，中间要对仗。律诗、绝句平仄都有规定。古体、近体都有五言、七言之分。

一个句子必须按照一定的模式来组织，这个模式称为句式。下面是语文迷为大家提供的高考英语写作优秀句式，供大家参考。

1) on the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

2) due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

3) since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

4) furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

5) from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

6) there is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

7) According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

8) The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

9) No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

10) People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

11) An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

12) When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

13) Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

14) Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

15) An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

16) Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

17) There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

18) An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

19) A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

20) Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

21) Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

22) In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

23) The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

24) It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

25) Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

26) No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

27) People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

28) In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

29) In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

30) We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

31) People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

32) The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

33) Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

34) This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

35) For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

36) Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

37) This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

38) Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

39) Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

40) In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

41) Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

42) Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

43) Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

44) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

45) There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

46) This issue has caused wide public concern.

47) It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

48) A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

49) As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

50) It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

51) Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

52) It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

53) For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

54) There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

55) This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

56) Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

57) In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

58) Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

59) In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

60) It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

61) Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

62) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

63) Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

64) There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

65) Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

66) However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

67) Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

68) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

69) Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

70) Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

71) But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

72) Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

73) Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

74) From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

75) Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

76) There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

77) An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

78) It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

79) Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

80) Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

81) Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

82) An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

83) For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

84) For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

85) There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

86) By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

87) Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

88) Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

89) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

90) These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

1、写作的综合性特点是指：它是________的综合。

A、社会性和个体性B、创造性和实践性C、作者的思想、生活、技巧

D、作者的生活、思想、技巧及思维活动、心理活动、审美活动

2、________对于“中国人失掉自信力了”的论调，鲁迅先生曾批驳道：“我们从古以来，就有埋头苦干的人，有拼命硬干的人，有为民请命的人，有舍身求法的人……这一类的人们，就是现在又何尝少呢？他们有确信，不自欺，他们在前仆后继的战斗，……说中国人失掉了自信力，用以指一部分人则可，若加于全体，那简直是诬蔑。”这里所运用的驳论方法是________

A、独立证明B、引申证明C、归谬反驳D、反驳论证

3、悬念是________的艺术手段。

A、结构情节，塑造人物形象，更广泛地展开社会生活画面

B、结构情节，塑造人物形象

C、结构情节

D、更广泛地展开社会生活画面

4、在现代文章分类中，“游记”属________文体。

A、文学类B、地志类C、实用类D、介于文学类和实用类之间的边缘类

5、“支点”为作品选取、安排文章材料，进行艺术概括提供了一个立足点，规定了一个确定的方向和范围，它是________的核心部分。

A、形象活动或情节B、形象活动C、情节D、议论

6、写作是一项综合性的精神劳动，自成一个复杂系统。其“综合性”是指：它是由________等因素构成的综合活动。

A、生活、思想、技巧。B、思维活动、心理活动、审美活动。

C、生活、思想、审美、技巧。D、生活、思想、技巧；思维活动、心理活动、审美活动。

7、一般说来，在构思的定型阶段，作者对于传达有两个层次上的考虑，即传达的________。

A、有序化和审美化。B、明晰性、准确性和特殊效果。

C、有序化、凝聚化和最优化、审美化。D、有序化和特殊效果。

8、描写从方法或技巧上分，可划分为以下诸种类型：________。

A、正面和侧面描写，动态和静态描写，细描和白描。

B、人物描写，环境描写，场面描写。

C、肖像描写，行动描写，心理描写，言语描写。

D、正面和侧面描写，动态和静态描写，人物和环境描写，细描和白描。

9、李季《王贵与李香香》中有这样的诗句：“千里雷声千里的闪，陕北红了半个天”。这里运用的表现手法叫作________。

A、比B、兴C、烘托D、陪衬

10、下面所列诸文体中属介于文学类和实用类之间的边缘类文体是：________。

A、传记、科学小品、杂文。B、新闻、传记、报告文学。

C、报告文学、杂文、传记。D、报告文学、科学小品、杂文。

11、调查报告一般由________三个部分构成。

A、总提、主体、结语。B、正文、结语、写作时间。

C、标题、正文、写作时间。D、总提、正文、结语。

I have a pair of big, eyes, a small mouth, and a head of long hair. Do you want to know my hobby? Read on.

I really like the car, especially lamborghini and F1. Hundreds of thousands of car video my tablets. When you walked into my house, you will find, there is an ocean of car? Especially the guest lounge that lamborghini, very conspicuous. Yes, he is the classic lamborghini, do manual work is very delicate. As long as look, you will buy. The origin of it is unique: I when eight years old birthday, to go to the auto show, I looked into the distance, you found it. So he said to his mother: I want it. "Mother said:" that is all right. I can jump three feet high! Extremely happy.

You know my hobby, thats right, is the car!

我有一双大大的、水灵灵的眼睛，一张小嘴巴，和一头长长的秀发。想知道我的爱好吗?往下看吧。

我十分喜欢赛车，特别是兰博基尼和F1赛车。我的平板电脑里有数不胜数的赛车视频。当您走进我家，你就会发现，这里难道是车的海洋吗?特别是客人休息室的那辆兰博基尼，十分引人注目。没错，他就是兰博基尼的经典款，做工十分精致。只要看上一眼，你就会入迷。它的来历也非同一般：我过8岁生日时，去参加车展，我往远处一望，就发现了它。于是便对妈妈说：‘我想要它。“’妈妈说：”那好吧。‘我一蹦三尺高!高兴极了。

我的爱好你知道了吧，没错，就是爱车!

时间就像海绵里的水，只要愿挤，总还是有的。下面是语文迷为大家提供的关于时间的英语谚语，希望对你有帮助。

Time is money.

(时间就是金钱或一寸光阴一寸金)

Time flies.

(光阴似箭，日月如梭)

Time has wings.

(光阴去如飞)

Time consecrates: what is gray with age becomes religion.

(时间考验一切，经得起时间考验的就为人所信仰)

Time reveals(discloses) all things.

(万事日久自明)

Time tries all.

(时间检验一切)

There is no time like the present.

(现在正是时候)

Take time by the forelock.

(把握目前的时机)

Time is a file that wears and makes no noise.

(光阴如锉，细磨无声)

Time stays not the fools leisure.

(时间不等闲逛的傻瓜)

Time and I against any two.

(和时间携起手来，一人抵两人)

Time is life and when the idle man kills time, he kills himself.

(时间就是生命，懒人消耗时间就是消耗自己的生命。或时间就是生命，节省时间，就是延长生命)

Time spent in vice or folly is doubly lost.

(消磨于恶习或愚行的时间是加倍的损失)

Time undermines us.

(光阴暗中催人才。或莫说年纪小人生容易老)

Time and tide wait for no man.

(岁月不待人)

Time cannot be won again.

(时间一去不再来)

Time brings the truth to light.

(时间使真相大白。或时间一到，真理自明。)

Time and chance reveal all secrets.

(时间与机会能提示一切秘密)

To choose time is to save time.

(选择时间就是节省时间)

Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today.

(今日事，今日毕)

Procrastination is the thief of time.

(拖延为时间之窃贼)

One of these days is none of these days.

(拖延时日，终难实现。或：改天改天，不知哪天)

Tomorrow never comes.

(明天无尽头，明日何其多)

What may be done at any time will be done at no time.

(常将今日推明日，推到后来无踪迹)

Time works wonders.

(时间可以创造奇迹或时间的效力不可思议)

Time works great changes.

(时间可以产生巨大的变化)

Times change.

(时代正在改变)

Time is , time was , and time is past.

(现在有时间，过去有时间，时间一去不复返)

Time lost can not be recalled.

(光阴一去不复返)

Time flies like an arrow , and time lost never returns.

(光阴似箭，一去不返)

Time tries friends as fire tries gold.

(时间考验朋友，烈火考验黄金)

Time tries truth.

(时间检验真理)

Time is the father of truth.

(时间是真理之父)

Time will tell.

(时间能说明问题)

12月1日是世界爱滋病日。每年的12月1日都被作为“世界艾滋病日”以号召全世界人民行动起来，共同对抗艾滋病。

目前，我国的毒品和艾滋病形势非常严峻，学校是禁毒与预防艾滋病的重要阵地。艾滋病的全称为获得性免疫缺陷综合症，是一种由逆转录病毒引起的人体免疫防御系统方面的疫病。人体处于正常状态时，体内免疫系统对机体起着良好的“防御”作用，抵抗各种病原体的袭击。一但受艾滋病病毒感染之后，人体的这种良好防御系统便会受到破坏，防御功能减退，因而这时病原体及微生物得以乘机经血行及破损伤口长驱直入。此外，身体中一些不正常的细胞，例如癌细胞，也同样乘机迅速生长、大量繁殖起来，发展成各类癌瘤。也就是说，艾滋病病人主要表现为免疫系统受到严重损伤，机体抵抗力下降，以至诱发严重感染和一些少见的癌瘤。

1981年美国发现首例艾滋病之后，艾滋病病病毒在全球范围内的传播速度惊人。为了提高公众对艾滋病危害的认识，世界卫生组织将每年的12月1日确定为世界艾滋病日，号召世界各国在这一天举办各种活动，宣传和普及预防艾滋病的知识。据统计，近20多年来我国艾滋病感染者已超过100万。

艾滋病是一种可怕的病，一旦感染，我们目前的医疗水平是无药可救的，但是只要我们洁身自好，科学预防，是完全可以避免患上艾滋病的，作为学生我们应该做到以下两点：

1、首先要学会保护自己，要远离可导致性骚扰和性暴力的环境和场所，比如不要出入夜总会、歌厅;晚上不要单独外出;休息时间在网吧、游戏厅等场所不能玩得太晚等。

2、不和他人共用牙刷、不共用电动剃须刀，不吸毒品，不纹身，不纹眉，不纹唇线和扎耳朵眼，不和别人共用针头和注射器。不到消毒不规范无营业执照的医疗机构和诊所拔牙治牙。

同时我们也要知道一般性的接触，比如握手，共同进餐，共用学习用品，公用电话机，打喷嚏、咳嗽，蚊虫叮咬，游泳等均不会感染爱滋病。

如何写通顺的英语

英语写作是语言应用的一个重要方面，也是语言能力测定的重要手段，衡量写作水平的标准便是看其是否能用学过的语言材料，语法知识等用文字的形式来表达描述。

书面语言表达一般分为三个过程：思维、组织、表达。先是思维，把要写的东西在脑中思考，这往往是个别的，孤立的一些素材，很凌乱琐碎；因此要对此进行组织，把这些思维作出整理，使其条理、系统化，但这还是较粗糙的，可能还有一些用词不当或语言错误；最后才是表达，把组织过的材料仔细推敲，确无问题了再落笔成文。

在撰写时要注意主谓语一致，时态呼应，用词贴切等，这就是写作。上述的三个过程，最难的就是第三个过程，这需要我们有较好的语法知识，掌握一定数量的句型，习惯用语，熟练的写作技巧，这样才能写出通顺生动的文章来。

总之，要提高英语写作水平，需要两方面的训练：一是语言基础方面的训练，要有扎实的造句、翻译等基本功，即用词法、句法等知识造出正确无误的句子；二是写作知识和能力方面的训练以掌握写作方面的基本方法和技巧。

那么，究竟怎样才能写好作文呢？

阅读优秀范文

首先要搞好阅读。阅读是写作的基础，在阅读方面下的功夫越深，驾驭语言的能力也就越强。所以要写好英语先要读好英语，在语言学习方面狠下苦功，教科书要读透，因为教科书中的文章都是一些很好的范文，文笔流畅，语言规范，精彩的一些课文段落要背诵。再就是要进行大量课外阅读，并记住一些好文章的篇章结构。

加强练词造句训练

其次，要加强练词造句的训练。词句对作文相当于造房的材料，无好材料就造不出好房子。平时在学习阅读时要注意收集积累，把好的词语、短语、句型做好笔记。平时在练习中的错误也要做好记录，再对照正确句子，使地道的英语句子如同条件反射，落笔就对。

了解英语写作格式

还有，要了解英语写作的不同体裁与格式。可以先看一本介绍英语写作入门的书，对英语写作有一个初步的概念，如怎么写议论文，如何提出论据，如何展开，如何确定中心句；又如，英语信的格式，如何根据不同身份写不同结束语等，然后根据不同的体裁进行写作练习。

用英语写日记

要养成记英语日记勤练笔的好习惯。经常用英语记日记，等于天天在练笔，这无疑是提高英语协作的行之有效的好办法。在记日记时，不要总是用简单句，要有意识地用一些好的词组、句型、关联词和复合句等，使文句更优美生动。还有要按照题目或所给情景写文章练笔。写好后对照范文，找出差距，然后再练习，这对提高英语作文也很有帮助，在游泳中学会游泳，只有多练习才能练好。

总之，平时学习语言素材积累多了，体裁格式记住了又经常练习不断提高，到作文下笔时就会得心应手，水到渠成。

Today, I went to the park with my parents. I saw monkey, giraffe and so on. When we took a break in the lake, I saw a lot of goldfish in the lake. People threw food into the water, then suddenly all the fish came and ate the food. It was a crowd of fish, and I was shocked, but then they went away quickly.

今天，我和父亲母亲去公园了。我看到了猴子，长颈鹿等。我们在湖边休息的时候，我看到湖里有许多金鱼。人们把食物扔到水里，突然所有的鱼都来抢食物。很大一群鱼，我震惊了，不过很快它们就散开了

4月4日这一天，天气晴朗，气温不高也不低，正好是踏青的好日子。我和外婆一大早出发，去松江郊外踏青。

On the day of April 4th, the weather is sunny, the temperature is not high not low, it is a good day for an outing. Starting with my grandmother in the countryside to Songjiang early in the morning.

郊外的空气真是清新呀!我看到了一片黄色的油菜花，我问外婆：“油菜花是做什么的呀，是吃的吗?”外婆回答我说：“油菜花的菜籽可以榨菜油的。”于是我就去采了几朵油菜花，我试着咬了一口油菜花的根，哇，原来油菜花的根水份那么多呀!外婆连忙说：“油菜花的根吃但是不能多吃，否则会中毒的。“

The air is really fresh ah! I see a yellow flowers of rape, I asked my grandmother: "rape is doing what it is to eat?" She answered: "the rape of the rapeseed mustard oil can." So I just pick a few rape, I tried to bite the rape root, wow, the original root moisture rape so much! She quickly said: "the rape of the root to eat but not eat, otherwise it will poisoning. "

走着走着，我们又看到了开得正鲜艳的桃花，真美的桃花呀!盛开的桃花就像小朋友的笑脸，香香甜甜，我真喜欢春天的桃花儿呀!桃树林的边上有一条小河，河水清清的，河上有一群鸭子在游泳，像是在比赛一样的。我们沿着河边走去，又走到了一片麦苗边，我又问外婆：”麦苗是做什么的呀?”外婆说：“麦苗可以打成面粉，你吃的馒头和面条都是麦苗做出来的。”我看着青青的麦苗想，原来绿色的麦苗还可以打成白色的面粉呀，大自然真神奇呀!

Walked, we saw the opening is bright beautiful peach, peach blossom! Peach blossom in full bloom like the smiling faces of children, fragrant and sweet, I really like the peach blossom spring! There is a river, peach trees on the side of Kawazu Kiyoshi, a group of ducks swimming in the river, like in the game. We walked along the river, and go to the edge of a piece of wheat, I asked my grandmother: "wheat is doing what?" Grandmother said: "the wheat into flour can play, you eat Steamed buns and noodles are made from wheat." I looked at the green of the wheat seedling to, the original green seedlings can also play into a white flour, nature is really amazing!

一天很快就过去了，我和外婆开心满意地回家了，我要回家告诉爸爸妈妈我今天看到的、闻到的、听到的大自然的美好的东西。

The day passed quickly, and I was happy to go home, I want to go home to tell mom and Dad I see, smell, hear the beautiful nature.

一、审题的“精确性”

在上篇中，笔者已经介绍了部分考题中的“绝对性”的应对措施，而根据专家对于过去2年独立写作考题的分析，发现有90%以上的题目属于“支持/反对”型：

2011.01.30

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Because the change of the society is so rapidly, people are less happy or less satisfied with their life than people did in the past time.

而剩下的则是由“对比论述型”构成的：

2011.03.13

Some people think children should spend most of their time in studying and playing while others think they should help their parents with the household chores. What’s your opinion?

在审题时，考生必须首先把题目通读1-3遍，彻底把握题目主旨后，方可进行段落布局。在这里，笔者结合自己的经验给考生们一些建议：首先，判断题目是否包含“绝对”含义的词，若有，则按照上篇讲过的建议布局，若没有，则对于同意或者反对的理由进行快速的brain storming, 然后根据分论点的数量及论点的可延展性来敲定立场：

Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Disagree:

1) Endangered animals are valuable because of their limited quantities

2) Environment balance

3) Endangered animals sometimes stand for the country, so they are more valuable than farmlands

Agree:

1) life quality is the top priority

2) endangered animals can be raised in the zoos

经过一番考量，假如考生得出了上述的一些分论点及想法，这时候，主体段的布局基本就可以敲定大方向了。第一种就是完全反对题目的说法，采用五段式结构布局，每个主体段论证上述三个分论点中的一个;第二种也是反对题目的说法，采用五段式结构布局，但是前2个主体段从三个分论点中选二个去论证，而第三个主体段从“同意”的二个分论点里去选一个，最后的结论还是倾向于反对的。第三种是采用四段式结构布局，即第一个主体段从三个反对意见中选择二到三个分论点去写，而第二个主体段则从赞同的分论点里去选择，数量上比前一段少一个即可，最后结论还是倾向于反对多一点。这样说是不是有些同学看了会有点“晕”呢?那下面笔者就再举个简单点的例子吧：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities. Use specific reasons and details to explain your opinion.

Disagree:

1) Most people are common, so they want to know something about famous ones

2) Famous people stand for some fashion

3) Constrain the public figures

4) Celebrities can improve the national cohesion and unity

又经过了几分钟思考，我们得出了上述的四个分论点，但是一时半会赞同的理由实在是想不出。若考试的时候遇到这种情况，千万别犹豫不决，马上从已经想好的观点里面进行挑选。于是，这个题目我们就采用完全反对的立场，以五段式结构布局全文，主体段的分论点从上述四点中挑选三个展开论述即可。这样一来，大家是不是明白一点了呢?

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

Agree: Parents make decision for children.

1) Parents have more experience

2) 15-18 years old children are not adults, so they cant take responsibility

还有一种情况就是我们只能想出两个分论点，这时候考生应该果断采用四段式布局，而这一次，两个主体段都分别论述一个同意的理由，而在结尾时，可以顺便提一些反对的理由，这样也不失为一种灵活的方法，希望考生们可以借鉴。

二、分论点的排列原则

专家提醒考生们，在布局的时候我们不是随意编排分论点的先后顺序，而是需要有一定的逻辑性和合理性。一般说来，五段式的三个主体段，若都是同意或者都是反对的理由的话，一般这些分论点有两种逻辑顺序，即第一种按照“重要性”来排，将你认为最主要的理由放在第一个主体段中详细论证;第二种是按照“小到大”的原则，即个人方面的理由先写，然后再是家庭，公司，最后再是社会，国家等。倘若所有的论点都是在一个范围内的，比如都是属于个人的论点，则这个时候要看这些分论点后续的论证内容的多少，比如某一个分论点你既举得出例子，又可以进行对比或者因果论述的话那肯定应该先写这个分论点，若某一个分论点后续能够阐述的理由只有一句话的时候那就应该果断地将其排在后面写。若文章是四段式的结构，则在一个主体段中的排列顺序和前面讲的原则是一致的。

一、记叙文（写人，写事，写景，写物）

1、含义：记叙文是以记叙、描写为主要表达方式、以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容的一种文体。

2、记叙文结构：

事件的起因、经过、结果、人物、地点和时间六大要素。（可根据内容需要，穿插使用 描写、抒情、说明、议论等手法。）

3、记叙文的一般要求：

（一）感情真实。

（二）内容具体而有重点。

（三）结构清晰而完整。

二、说明文

1、含义：说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用来介绍或解释事物的状态、性质、构造、功能、制作方法、发展过程和事理的成因、功过的一种文体。

2、说明文的特点：

（1）内容上具有高度的科学性

（2）结构上具有清晰的条理性

（3）语言上具有严密的准确性

三、议论文

1、含义：议论为主要方式，通过事实、摆道理，直接表达作者的观点和主张的常用文体。

2、议论文分类

按内容目的分：①一般性政论文②评论③杂文（随笔、杂谈、笔记） ④读后感 按论证方式分：①立论文 ②驳论文

3、议论文的一般要求：

（一）开头时，根据题目所规定的范围，定下一个立场或论点。

（二）以所持论点为基础，提出有力的论据或道理来令读者信服。

（三）层次须分明、语言要简练

四、应用文

1、含义：应用文是一种切合日常生活、工作及学习的实际需要，具有一定格式、篇幅短小、简明通俗的实用文体。

2、应用文的种类

（1）书信类 一般书信、专用书信（感谢信、表扬信、慰问信、介绍信、公开信、证明信、申请书、建议书、倡议书、聘请书）、电报、汇款

（2）笔记类 日记、读书笔记

（3）公文类 通知、通报、报告（调查报告、科学报告）、请示、计划、总结、会议记录

（4）宣传类 广告稿、演讲稿、板报、新闻、通信、产品说明书

（5）告示类 启示、海报

（6）礼仪类 请柬、祝辞（贺信、贺电）、唁电、唁函

（7）契据类 条据（收条、借条、领条、欠条、请假条、留言条等）、合同（协议书）、公约

（8）传志类 传记、地方志、家史（校史、村史）

基础知识：

一、两种语言类型：口语、书面语。

二、三种人称：第一人称、第二人称、第三人称

三、三种感情色彩：褒义、贬义、中性。

四、四种文学体裁：小说、诗歌、戏剧、散文。

五、句子的四种用途：陈述句、问句、祈使句、感叹句

六、六种病句类型：1 成分残缺；2 搭配不当；3 关联词语使用不恰当；4 前后矛盾；5 语序不当；6 误用滥用虚词（介词）

七、表达方式：记叙、描写、抒情、说明、议论

八、表现手法：象征、对比、烘托、设置悬念、前后呼应、欲扬先抑、托物言志、借物抒情、联想、想象、衬托（正衬、反衬）

九、修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张、排比、对偶、引用、设问、反问、反复、互文、对比、借代、反语、双关

十、记叙文六要素：时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果

十一、记叙顺序：顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙

十二、叙述方式：概括叙述、细节描写

十三、记叙线索：实物、人物、思想感情变化、时间、地点变换、中心事件（找线索的方法：标题、反复出现的某个词语或某个事物、抒情议论句）

十四、描写角度：正面描写、反面描写

十五、描写人物的方法：语言、动作、神态、心理、外貌

十六、描写景物的角度：视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉、触觉

十七、环境描写分为：自然环境、社会环境

十八、 描写景物的方法：动静结合（以动写静）、概括与具体相结合、由远到近（或由近到远）、移步换景

十九、景物描写的作用：渲染气氛、烘托人物心情、推动情节发展、表现人物的品质、衬托中心思想

二十、抒情方式：直抒胸臆、间接抒情（借景抒情）

二十一、说明顺序：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序（逻辑顺序六种形式：1 一般—个别 2 现象—本质 3 原因—结果 4 概括—具体 5 部分—整体 6 主要—次要

二十二、说明语言：平实、生动

二十三、说明文类型：事理说明文、事物说明文

二十四、说明方法：举例子、列数字、打比方、作比较、下定义、分类别、作诠释、摹状貌、引用、列图表

二十五、议论文三要素：论点、论据、论证

二十六、论据：事实论据、道理论据

二十七、论证方法：举例（或事实）论证、道理论证（有时也称引用论证）、对比（或正反对比）论证、比喻论证、引用论证。

二十八、论证方式：立论、驳论（可反驳论点、论据、论证）

二十九、议论文结构：提出问题（引论）、分析问题（本论）、解决问题（结论）

三十、 结构形式：总分总、总分、分总（分的部分常有并列式、递进式）

三十一、小说情节四部分：开端、发展、高潮、结局

三十二、小说三要素：人物形象、故事情节、具体环境

三十三、 引号的作用：1 表引用 2 表讽刺或否定 3 表特定称谓 4 表强调或着重指出 5 特殊含义

三十四、破折号用法：1 表注释 2 表插说 3 表声音中断、延续 4 表话题转换 5 表意思递进

三十五、省略号的六种用法：1 表内容省略 2 表语言断续 3 表话未说完 4 表心情矛盾 5 表思维跳跃 6 表思索正在进行

[语文作文的分类及基础知识

导语：如何写好高中作文，对于学生作文的写作基础也要好好的训练，话题作文的基本要求：话题作文还是要审题，所写内容必须在话题范围之内。“立意自 定”，关键要读懂话题关键词的意旨，若给出导语提示，还应划出导语中包含归结的关键语词。一般初学者，首先要注意让这些关键词贯穿在自己作文的始终，统帅 自己的文意。更多作文写作基础尽在。

如何写好高中作文，对于学生作文的写作基础也要好好的训练,实际效果又发现学生完全没有一般思想认识的基础，真正可见现在所谓合格教育的成效，和高中教学要求的“架空作业”。

一、文章形式的革命——夹叙夹议

尽快脱离初中只重记叙，笼统归结的写法。高中的作文记叙只向最高水平开一条缝，你得复杂记叙，融情思与哲理于一炉，有最动人的细节和最精美的表达，巧妙蕴 含深刻的思辨和无穷的回味，这不是一般人能做到的，更不是学不会议论抒情的同学的避难所。所以，比自己多练议论，远比固守初中记叙的窠臼要有前途。高中的 记叙必须简约，只提炼能说明自己观点的内核，而尽量舍弃叙述的完整过程与细节。叙，惜墨如金；而起始学写议，应力求具体多点分析阐述。

二、文章立意的升华——深入浅出

叙完笼统归结是初中模式作文的又一通病，常常文章的结尾具有宽泛的普适性，而缺乏对文章应有之义作具体针对性的挖掘阐发，常常文章的“穿鞋戴帽”大到可以 套在无数篇文章上，却没什么真正的思考。高中作文倘使还用夹叙夹议，也要对叙的材料反复推敲，找出几例可以统一在一个观点里的材料，就材料的不同侧面来评 析议论，最后上升归结出恰当切题、言之有物的中心。

三、文章表达的提高——点睛生花

好的文笔追求更高效率、更多意蕴。描述中就渗透情思与评析，这是较高水平的表达。一般的叙议分段，也应注意所叙材料紧贴自己的议论，议论应采取逐层推进， 前后分界，避免相互缠绕。但又必须前后连贯，形成一个整体。在文章中一定写好精心组织的关键议论，努力使文章多处呈现运用一定修辞的文采。

导语：When there is no hope there can be no endeavour.下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Actions speak louder than words.

事实胜於雄辩。

Adversity leads to prosperity.

逆境迎向昌盛。

A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.

吃一堑，长一智。

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

患难朋友才是真朋友。

A friend is a second self.

朋友是另一个我。

A friend is best found in adversity.

患难见真友。

All time is no time when it is past.

光阴一去不复返。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy; all play and no work makes Jack a mere boy.

只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子要变傻;尽玩耍，不学习，聪明孩子没出息。

A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.

远亲不如近邻。

An idle youth, a needy age.

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

Business before pleasure.

事业在先，享乐在後。

Diligence is near success.

勤奋近乎成功。

Diligence is the mother of good luck.

刻苦是成功之母。

Diligence is the mother of success.

勤奋是成功之母。

Education has for its object the formation of character.

教育的目的在於培养品德。

Every brave man is a man of his word.

勇敢的人都是信守诺言的人。

Every man is the architect of his own fortune.

每个人都是他自己命运的建诛师。

Every man is the master of his own fortune.

每个人都是他自己的命运的主宰。

Failure is the mother of success.

失败是成功之母。

Faith will move mountains.

精诚所至，金石为开。

Friendship ---- one soul in two bodies.

友谊是两人一条心。

Grasp all, lose all.

贪多必失。

He alone is poor who does not possess knowledge.

没有知识，才是贫穷。

Health is above wealth.

健康胜於财富。

Health is better than wealth.

健康胜於财富。

He who does not advance falls backward.

不进则退。

Honesty is the best policy.

诚实是上策。

Hope is life and life is hope.

希望才有人生，人生要有希望。

Idle young, needy old.

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

If you dont aim high you will never hit high.

不立大志，难攀高峰。

I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort.

成功之道唯三点∶努力、努力、再努力。

Improve your time and your time will improve you.

珍惜时间，时间才会珍惜你。

In doing we learn.

行而知。

Industry if fortunes right hand, and frugality her left.

勤勉是幸福的右手，节俭是幸福的左手。

In lifes earnest battle they only prevail, who daily march onward and never say fail.

在人生的搏斗中，只有日日前进不甘失败的人，才能获胜。

It is dogged does it.

天下无难事，只怕有心人。

Judge not according to the appearance.

不要以貌取人。

Labour is often the father of pleasure.

勤劳常为快乐之源。

Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is perilous.

学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

Like tree, like fruit.

有其因必有其果。

Manners make the man.

礼貌造就人。

Never neglect an opportunity for improvement.

抓住大好时机，切莫等闲错过。

Never too old to learn.

学到老，学不了。

No great loss without some small gain.

塞翁失马，安知非福。

No one can call back yesterday.

往日不复返。

No sooner said than done.

言而必行。

No sweet without some sweat.

不劳则无获。

Nothing is difficult to a man who wills.

世上无难事，只怕有心人。

Nothing is impossible to willing mind .

有志者事竟成。

Nothing is impossible to the man who will try.

天下无难事，只怕不努力。

Nothing is really beautiful but truth.

只有真理才是真美。

No time like the present.

只争朝夕。

One cannot put back the clock.

光阴一去不复返。

Overdone is worse than undone.

过犹不及。

Paddle your own canoe.

自立更生，自食其力。

Perseverance is vital to success.

不屈不挠是成功之本。

Second thoughts are best.

三思而行，再思可也。

Selt-trust is the essence of heroism.

自信是英雄的本色。

Self-trust is the first secret of success.

自信是成功的首要秘诀。

Success belongs to the persevering.

坚持到底必获胜利。坚持就是胜利。

Success grows out of struggles to overcome difficulties.

成功来自於克服困难的斗争。

The first element of success is the determination to succeed.

成功的首要因素是要有成功的决心。

The more a man knows, the less he knows he knows.

懂得越多，就越知道自己懂得不多。

Union is strength.

团结就是力量。

Virtue is a jewel of great price.

美德是无价之宝。

Waste of time is the most extravagant and costly of all expenses.

浪费时间是一切花费中最奢侈豪华的费用。

When there is no hope there can be no endeavour.

没有希望就不会努力。

Without a friend the world is a wilderness.

没有朋友，世界就等於一片荒野。

You cannot judge a tree by its bark.

人不可貌相。

看图作文是以图画或图表来提供目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等情景，要求作者借助图画，通过联想将一组画面的直观内容转换成传神达意的文字形式，用于反映图中所表现的思想内容。

从写作体裁上看，可说明介绍，可叙事记人、可写景状物，也可以发表议论。

1.仔细审题、弄清题目要求

看图作文主要考查考生的观察能力、分析能力、想象能力、创造能力和语言表达能力。

想写好看图作文，必须遵循以下步骤：

首先，必须通读试题中的每一个字，认真观察所给的每一幅图画，正确理解提示所提出的各种要求，从而明确作文的中心思想，判断文章的类型、特点，了解文章的重点内容，力求切中题意。

2.审好图，确定要素

认真观察图中的故事发生于何时?何地?图中的人物为何人?他们做了什么事情?结果如何?

3.考虑用恰当的词语、句型和时态

弄懂了图上的大意后，在内心构思一个基本的框架，考虑用什么样的句型、词语、时态来充分表达文章的内容，尽可能用你熟悉的词语或句型，力求语言准确、意思明了。

4.列出要点，组织语言

在认真审题、弄清题意的基础上，我们应逐个完整无误地把内容要点列出来，我们可以在每幅图画的旁边用简单的词语标出其所表达的要点，这样，既可以提醒自己不要漏写了要点，又能防止过分发挥。接着就可以将内容要点译成英文词语或句子，以便下一步组织语言，形成短文。要注意使用适当的连接词或过渡性语句，以使上下文更为连贯，过渡自然。

5.详细得当

对一些细节方面的内容，如果是文章必不可少的细节，在写作时不可将这些细节忽略;如果是可有可无的细节，则可视具体情况进行增删。因此，我们在审图时，一定要注意各图中的一些细节内容，看其是否影响文章的内容。

6.仔细检查、修改

文章写完后，应进行必要的检查、修改，力求全文内容表达准确、完整，并最大限度减少错误。

具体从如下做起：

(1)核对图中要点是否有遗漏;

(2)时态、语态是否正确;

(3)文章句、段、篇是否连贯;

(4)用词是否得当、词数是否符合要求;

(5)单词大小写、拼写、标点是否准确无误。

最后提醒大家：一篇好的作文不但要内容写得好，字迹也要美观、工整、漂亮。

俗语写作

根据下面中文提示写一篇150词左右的短文。

俗话说：早起的鸟儿有虫吃。请根据你生活中亲身经历的一件事，说明一切成功源于干凡事早做规划，不断追求，辛勤劳作。

The early bird will catch worms

【猜题理由】2010年高考写作题应该是学生较为熟悉的、身边的与他们生活、学习和当今的教育密切相关的话题。一些俗语具有教育意义。2010年有些省份可能对考生进行人生规范、立志等方面有关的俗语进行考查。

【构思点拨】本题属于题目、提纲式作文，给出的要点虽然不多，但要求考生根据生活中亲身经历的一件事，说明一切成功来源于凡事早做规划，不断追求，辛勤劳作这个道理。因此要注意结合自己的经历，谈出自己对此的感受即可。

【参考范文】

The early bird will catch worms

An old saying The early bird will catch worms reminds us that if people want to be successful and outstanding, they must plan ahead of time and make their efforts to overcome all the possible difficulties.

For example, the Chinese athletes excellent performance in 2010 Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver is definitely the result of their early planning and hard training. If they don t set the aim and word work, even though they have the best talents, they cant compete with others and get more medals.

Another case in point is my learning experience. I was good at English, but I couldnt pass the exam, for I wasnt prepared well before the examination. I had many things to solve at that time. As I met the complex things, I was at a loss. The reason was that I had no plan and involved in many things and didnt study more hard, so I failed.

In short, the saying shows us the important of planning, working hard and constantly trying.

其论文写作过程和结构基本，同样需要经过：命题，开题，正文写作，定稿等几个重要的步骤。小编收集了2016年事业单位考试论文的写作基础知识，欢迎阅读。

首先，论文具有几下几项特征：

①科学性，即选题科学，研究方案合理;数据准确无误;结果与讨论的数据依据充分，具说服力，不出现无数据和现象支持的主观臆断的结果和结论。

②创新性即新颖性;即有别于他人(它文)的本质特征;刻意阐明创新点;应用研究着重实验设备、测试分析技术、工艺方法等方面的更新或改进;基础研究着重理论上的新见解，计算方法的另辟新径;

③学术性，即透过对所研究的客体外象的观测，分析探讨其内在本质，将感性认识进行理论上的深化;切忌将一连串现象无分析归纳的无序堆砌，而将论文写成实验报告或工作总结。

④真实性，即错误、虚假、失实将导致论文科学性和学术性的丧失，甚至可能涉嫌有剽窃行为;不凭主观臆断和好恶随意舍取数据和素材 ，引证他人成果必须给出出处，但只提取与文章密切相关的重要信息用以引证。

⑤标准化和规范化，即书写格式的标准化和规范化，是要按规定的格式书写，即符合信息传递与交流、科技文献管理、以及电子化、数字化等方面的要求。

论文写作的相关依据主要来自国家标准局的文件《科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文的编写格式》。按照该格式，论文主要分为主体部分和前置部分。

1.前置部分。主要包括①封面——报告、论文的外表面，提供应有的信息，并起保护作用;②封二——可标注送发方式，包括免费赠送或价购，以及送发单位和个人;版权规定;其他应注明事项;③题名页——对报告、论文进行著录的依据;④分类号——中图分类号是按照《中国图书馆分类法》;⑤题目(可加副标题)——以最恰当、最简明的词语反映报告、论文中最重要的特定内容的逻辑组合;⑥署名——姓名、工作单位;⑦摘要——报告、论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述，是独立的短文，概括文章主要信息。⑧关键词——为了文献标引工作从报告、论文中选取出来用以表示全文主题内容信息款目的单词或术语。⑨目次页——长篇报告、论文可以有目次页，短文无需目次页;⑩插图和附表清单——报告、论文中如图表较多，可以分别列出清单置于目次页之后。

2.主体部分。主要包括①引言——(绪论/导论/引论)简短介绍研究的目的、意义、方法、范围、背景等;②正文——实事求是、合乎逻辑、结构严谨、层次分明、论证充分、表达规范、行文流畅;③结论——文章的研究成果，准确、完整、明确、精炼;④致谢——可以在正文后对进行方面致谢;⑤引文——所引用的他人的研究成果(观点、理论、数据等);⑥注释——注明引文的出处;⑦参考文献——写作中所参考、借鉴的重要文章和著作(作者、文章标题，期刊/著作名、出版社、年份、页码等详细情况);⑧附录——作为报告、论文主体的补充项日，并不是必需的。