英语原版小说阅读app（最新20篇）

We may obtain knowledge by reading. The more books we read, the more we accumulate the knowledge. Is it right? I dont think so. Its not wide reading but useful reading that leads to excellence.

And only good books can benifit us.So choosing books is very important for reading. Many students spend a lot of time reading legends and swordsman novels.Its a waste of time. Some students even read some bad books and it is harmful for them.

So be as careful of the books we read, as of the company we keep, for our habit and character will be as much influened by the former as by the latter.

[阅读方式初二英语作文

“英语说明文”，顾名思义，就是一种以“说明、解释”为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等等做科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度增大了。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。

一、说明文阅读理解的特征 一般说来，英语说明文与其它文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即Who→What→When→Where→How→Why。

1. Who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）

2. What：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）

3. When和Where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）

4. How：通过什么方式表现出来的？

5. Why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？

做说明文阅读阅读的时候，一定要记住上面的Wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。

二．说明文阅读理解的类型 掌握说明文阅读理解题的类型对考生来说非常有必要。一般来说，高考对阅读理解的命题类型主要有以下几种：

1. 细节理解题

说明文中考查的细节理解题大致与记叙文相似。命题区域都有其共同点。⑴在列举处命题。如用First(1y)、Second(1y)、Third(1y)Finally、not only…but also、then、in addition等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。试题要求考生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。⑵在例证处命题。句中常用由as、such as、for example、for instance等引导的短语或句子作为例证，这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。⑶在转折对比处命题。一般通过however、but、yet、in fact等词语来引导。对比用unlike、until、not so much…as等词语引导，命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。⑷在比较处命题。无端的比较、

相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，经常出现在干扰项中，考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰。⑸在复杂句中命题。包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。

细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处，只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。

2. 语义猜测题 说明文为了把自然规律，事物的性质等介绍清楚或把事理阐述明白，因此学术性强的生词较多，所以常进行生词词义判断题的考查。命题方式多以The underlined part “…” in Paragraph…refers to….或What does the underlined word mean?或What is the meaning of the underlined word?为设问方式。解题时考生应认真阅读原文，分析其对某些科学原理是如何定义、如何解释的，并以此为突破口抽象概括出生词词义。也可以通过上下文来猜测某个陌生词语的语意。或者找出某个词语在文章中的同义词。要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。说明文在阐述说明对象时易发生动作变换、人称转变的现象，这类题目常以 it，they，them 等代词为命题点，因此考生要根据上下文语境，认真阅读原文，分析动作转换背景，弄清动作不同执行者，以便准确判断代词的其实际指代对象。

3. 主旨理解题

说明文常用文章大意判断题考查考生对通篇文意的理解。即对文章的主题或中心意思的概括和归纳。主要考查考生对文章的整体理解能力。命题形式常以This passage mainly talks about ____.What is the main idea of the passage?为设问方式。这种试题多以This passage mainly talks about the major

surprising findings about….为回答方法。答题时首先阅读题干，掌握问题的类型，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。

4. 判断推理题。

这种试题常以The passage is intended to...(2) The author suggests that...(3) The story implies that…(4) Which point of view may the author agree to?(5) From the passage we can conclude that...(6) The purpose of the passage is to...为设问方式。这种题型的答案在原文中不是直接就能找到的，它要求考生进行合理的推断。如因果关系，文中的某些用词、语气也往往具有隐含意义，考生要将这种含义读出来。说明文常出现图示判断题，这种试题可以事物之间正确的依赖关系为命题点，要求考生判断其正确的流程顺序相互关系等。考生一定要认真阅读原文，并对照原文介绍的情况，弄清图示的差异，根据题干需要最终做出正确判断。如：动物介绍性说明文常出现动物能力判断题，考查考生对特定动物所具有能力的判断。解题时考生应认真阅读原文对动物形态活动能力的判断，了解动物的生存环境和是否会使用工具，是否善于爬行、飞翔和游泳等。

观点态度题也是判断推理题考查的内容之一。说明文的对象为客观事实,但设题以议论的表达方式抒发对该说明对象的想法。如对某种新发明的赞赏,或对某个事物的批判。这类题目常见的题干表达方式有"What was the author?s attitude towards ...?" 等。

【实例探究】 Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of "desertification". This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.

【问题设计】

According to the passage which is NOT likely to cause "desertification"?

A. Climate changes. B. Cutting down trees.

C. Digging up grass. D. Saving water.

碎片阅读的好处

Many people read on digital devices like cell phones and e-books. The fast pace of life leaves many people no time to sit and read a whole book, so making use of fragmented time to read is sure to be a trend. Fragmented reading has its advantages. People can get hold of large amounts of information, knowledge, and entertainment in a short time. Digital reading is faster and more interactive than traditional deep reading.

Fragmented reading makes it harder for people to reflect on what they read. People may not bother to remember facts because they know they can always just search for answers online. It is important to read quality books in a deeper way, even if that means forcing yourself to do so. We read not only for knowledge and for practical use, but also for spiritual satisfaction.

[高考英语作文话题:碎片阅读的好处

Pick up a book, read the sentence, there are a few words I also full of love, full of nostalgia.

Such as: the direction of the tree, is decided by the wind; The direction of the people, their own decisions. So, I must, in todays I, me yesterday; In tomorrows me, me today!

Yes, fate is in our own hands, only you can go to dominate it.

At the same time, cherish the good one single moment of every day, dont let yourself feel have not full, and dont live without a goal, this is what I feel, also in the moment remind myself.

Read the contents of the jar TXT umd of square and round, so there is a writing: the golden key to success in life is to believe in yourself, brave action, have great enthusiasm to the life and career, if you grasp the three golden key, then the road to success will show in front of you...

This sentence will become one of my motto, while I was reading, but the work is at hand, so Im going to shop for your own life, a road to success.

拿起一本书，读到里面的句子，有几句我还满喜欢，满留恋的。

如：树的方向，由风决定;人的方向，自己决定。所以，我一定要——以今日之我，胜昨日之我;以明日之我，胜今日之我!

不错，命运是掌握在自己手中，只有自己能去主宰它。

同时，珍惜好每一天的一分一秒，不要让自己觉得过得不充实，也不要毫无目标的生存着，这是我所感受到的，也在时刻的自我提醒。

读到了丁远峙着的《方与圆》中的内容，有一句是这么写的：人生成功的金钥匙就是相信自己，勇敢行动，对人生、事业怀有无比的热忱，如果你把握了这三把金钥匙，那么成功之路就展现在你眼前……

这一句话将成为我的座右铭之一，虽然我还在读书，但距离工作已是近在咫尺了，所以我要努力，为自己的人生铺一条成功的道路。

导语：我们很多知识都是通过书本得来的，通过书本，我们知道历史，了解了生活的方方面面，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Speaking of reading, many people are excited because reading brings them both knowledge and entertainment. By reading, we can learn lots of information and know our history. But for some people, reading is not their priority. They will choose to watch movies to have fun. However, I think people can benefit a lot by reading.

First of all, reading can let us know what have happened in history. Since history is recorded in books, if we read books, then we can not only know what have happened in history but also we can better understand the great figures of the age.

Secondly, reading can enrich our knowledge. By reading, we can know different kinds of things, how things happen and how to avoid bad things from happening. Books record a wide range of things about life. Through reading, we can know various aspects of life.

All in all, we can find lots of benefits through reading.

【参考译文】

说到读书，很多人都感到很兴奋，读书不仅能带给他们知识，而且也能带给他们娱乐。通过读书，我们能得到很多信息，了解我们的历史。但是对于一部分人来说，阅读并不是他们的首选。他们会选择看电影来找乐子。但是，我认为，读书能让我们获益。

第一，读书能让我们知道历史。历史都被记录在书中，如果我们读书的话，我们不仅能了解历史上发生了的事，而且我们也能更加了解时代伟人。

第二，读书能让我们丰富我们的知识。通过读书，我们能了解很多事物，了解到事件是怎么发生的，怎么避免不利事件的发生。书本记录着社会的方方面面。通过读书，我们能了解生活的方方面面的知识。

总之，我们能够通过读书收获很多。

Of course, the little stone didnt catch his eye at all.

Every morning the sea and sky were condensed into a single blue, and the glassy water began to flow again. There was a place where there was no trace of flora and fauna, and the reverberation was of a screeching laugh, and the unknown secrets that kept hovering in the air.

Through a mans dark eyes, a hole appeared in front of him, deep in the dark, a faint smell of mould. What followed was a roar - come out!

The people did not mind the third shout, still throwing their trash, thought it was the mans prank. The sound of the moment, the wind rolled up, ravaging peoples black face. Suddenly falling from the distant horizon, the irregular "snowflakes" are crashing into each other and making a noise. "What a snow! A man who was pushing out what glasses he knew was expressing. On the side of it was a sigh of ignorance. As the snow grew closer, people began to look at these things with their eyes wide open. It was a blank sheet of paper printed with a dense print of paper. The crowd caused a stir. A man in a suit of "dry barbs" rubbed his eyes several times. "This, this is?" Then he looked flustered, and with a great change of temper, he cried out, "look at what! This is who has nothing to do, printing so many garbage files!" But it didnt stop people from looking like wolves.

There are many plans on the documents. Most of these are national core confidential documents, specific data changes, and some unannounced technological developments and measures that need to be improved. But until that time, the so-called rich ankang was as pale as white paper; Those high prescience is the talk of the paper; All these people have not been achieved with the development of The Times. At this time, people in the hearts of all indignation, mouth ceaselessly spit out some scolding words. The Shouting worker was afraid to look up and chose silence in the corner. The governments "two-faced" is indeed worth complaining about, but it is worth their attention.

The stench of smell is on people, and the smell is enough to suffocate people. Its like the dirty water of the whole century. A handsome man dressed in a fashion red. For the director of one of his factories, he was caught in his own work, and he had no reason to resist. He was lost in a daze. In the middle of this discontent, he dropped the corpse, diary, photograph, plastic bag, waste battery... There is less noise in the crowd, but more and more. The scholars face was white and his ear could never stop that howling cry, and the reporter was wrapped in rope. The boys and girls who were trapped in their lives were almost full of them.

Documents, sewage, corpses, at the feet of people, thighs, palms, chin... "Save me... "A thousand voices tore at the heart. Then came a voice: "save you? Not anymore. Long ago, you never thought of saving me. Now let me return all of this. My own thing always wants to get back! And something, its too late!

There is a hole waiting for people to heal!

readingcan make us roam in the ocean of knowledge, I am very fond of reading.

Every time after school, I walk while thinking, "read yesterday? The book in there? Well... left... right, right? Right! Second row seventh on the right." The thought that can read a book, I am very happy, want to get home soon. I just came back home a voracious reading, often back too monographs and forget to do my homework, until it grew dark, I was reluctant to put down the book, open the exercise books. When do the car, because I often read a book and sat to the terminal. The book I have ever seen, there are many "five thousand years" "one thousand nights" the young big world... Every day I swim in the sea of books, go to the piranha, go to ancient savage, went to the alien to see building... Now, my belly ink also has a few barrels!

After reading can let a person growth knowledge, I also read more books!

看书可以让我们遨游在知识的海洋里，我就十分喜欢看书。

每一次放学时，我就边走边想：“昨天读到了什么地方?那本书放在了那里?恩....左边...不对，右边?对!右边第二排第七个。”一想到可以看书了，我就特别高兴，想马上就到家。一回到家里我就如饥似渴地看书，常常回因为太专著而忘了做作业，直到天色渐渐暗了下去，我才恋恋不舍地放下书，打开作业本。每当做车时，我也常常因为看书而一直坐到终点站。我看过的书有许多《上下五千年》《一千零一夜》《少年大世界》....每一天我都畅游在书的海洋里，去看食人鱼、去远古看野人、去外星看建筑.....现在，我的肚子里的墨水也有几桶了!

看书可以让人增长知识，我以后还要读更多的书!

There are celebrities in the world since the ancient times have introduced the benefits of reading, some scholars also once said, reading a good book is like a conversation with noble people.

Reading, can make you gain understanding, and every day to read an article is your knowledge increase many. Reading not only makes you augmented stories, still can increase the extracurricular knowledge. In the textbook knowledge is not enough, want to rely on yourself to read reference books, so read enough to digg.

Reading can help you more, when wonder at you, you can read a book, take a look at the article, can help you TaoYang temperament...

In addition, you can also choose different books to read, for example: adventure of detective novels, deep-rooted love novels, history books about the history... Can read science fiction and fantasy is leading role, to recall within the scene, books have aftertaste. Read some books about travel, like to visit all over the world...

Reading can not only grace to static, digg,, and the way is to increase knowledge, so everyone should take time to read every day.

由古至今，世界上有很名人都曾介绍阅读的好处，也有学者曾说过读一本好书，犹如同高尚的人谈话。

阅读，可以令你增广见闻，每天阅读一篇文章已令你的学问增加不少。阅读不但令你增广见闻，还可以增加课外知识。课本里的知识是不足够的，要靠自已去阅读课外书才行，因此读书足以博采。

阅读更可以帮助你解闷，当你十分纳闷时，你可以读读书、看看文章，就可以助你陶养性情……

除此之外，你还可以选择不同的书籍来阅读，例如：惊险刺激的侦探小说、刻骨铭心的爱情小说、有关历史的历史书……阅读科幻小说，可以幻想自已是主角，再回想书内的情景，已经回味不已。阅读一些有关旅游的书籍，犹如到世界各地游览……

阅读不但可以怡到静、博采、，而且是增加知识的不二法门，所以大家应该每天抽点时间阅读。

合上《活着》的时候，落日酡红的脸蛋恰好沾上了地平线，那一片黄土便愈发迷蒙，让我仿佛看到了福贵与牛。福贵蹲靠在光秃秃的树干下，一杆烟袋冒着丝缕白烟，老牛许是倦了，耷拉着脑袋，不知在思索还是睡着了。阳光扫过略有雾气的黄土地，将镂刻的剪影慢慢投射过来，印在了我的心上。

福贵的爹是掉下粪缸死的，或许还要更早。在福贵败光了家产后，福贵的爹便已经没有了奔头，生的念头没有了，人也就算死了，不管他是否还是如常吃饭、睡觉、蹲粪缸，行尸走肉与死有什么分别呢?这让我想起了春生。春生的死又何尝不是如此呢?到底他们是没有看透，有什么能比活着更美好呢?老子曰：祸兮福之所倚;福兮祸之所伏。龙二设下赌局骗光了福贵的家产，可下场呢?龙二死前说了一句：福贵，我是替你去死啊。是福是祸，当真难以定论。

福贵的娘是病死的，家珍也是病死的。要说唯一的不同，就是福贵的娘临死没能见上福贵一面吧。生老病死，谁又能左右呢?她们最欣慰的，可能也就是福贵娘死前一遍遍重复的话：福贵是不会去赌钱的。是的，经历了浮沉，钱财再多又能怎样呢?

家珍应该说是福贵的福星了。婚礼上他们常说：你是否愿意无论是顺境或逆境、富裕或贫穷、健康或疾病、快乐或忧愁，都毫无保留的爱他，对他忠诚?家珍从来没有接到这样的提问，却成为了“我愿意”这三个字忠实的践行者。家珍的心栓在整个家上，拴住有庆和凤霞的身上，直到有庆和凤霞全都走了，她也便跟着去了。

有庆死于抽血过多，凤霞死于生孩子。有庆这个善良的孩子，却死于他的善良，让人唏嘘不已;凤霞为了一个生命的诞生而献出了自己的生命，让人愈发感受到生命的可贵。读后感·两个人都死于医院，这让福贵对医院产生了深深的恐惧。那种白发人送黑发人的痛苦，也暗暗锻磨了福贵的生存意志。

二喜放不下的或许只剩苦根了。凤霞死后，他所有的生存意念都放在了儿子身上。可造化弄人，他还是死了。临死前那把胸膛都喊破的苦根，像极了另一个版本的《呐喊》，只不过这个呐喊的主题是活着。

苦根也死了，整个家庭唯一的香火死于穷苦。因为穷苦，他连豆子都很少吃，结果一次性吃了很多豆子，撑死了。所有的亲人都死去了，只剩下孤零零的福贵。

不，还有一头同样年迈的老牛。

夕阳渐渐沉下了地平线，福贵起身，牵着老黄牛渐渐走远。我不敢猛然合上书本，怕把最后一抹生命夹死。扉页的“活着”二字愈来愈显眼，我却突然想起了《红楼梦》，想起了那句：好一似食尽鸟投林，落了片白茫茫大地真干净!

The reader is reading from the literature (recorded knowledge of the carrier) to obtain and use information and knowledge of social practice, the process of physiological and psychological processes. Reading is a basic human access to knowledge and means an important way, as is the text of which have begun, is a text record of human understanding of natural and social practice experience as a symbol, a symbol that they start to have all kinds of literature, , And will have to read the information on the documents. With the social development so far, with the emergence of computer technology, digital and network technology popularization and development of electronic audio book market, expanding the carrier carrying information resources has changed, peoples reading habits and books published by the Also means increasing occurrence. According to the 2006 Fourth National Survey of the National Reading: Chinese on-line reading from l999-year rate of 3.7 percent to 27.8 percent in 2005, the average annual growth rate of 107%. Experts point out that digital technology and the development of the Internet has changed the Chinese peoples reading habits. The author believes that such a major impact in the following aspects.

A digital network for the promotion of reading

Access to information resources more convenient and efficient. Computer technology has brought about in areas such as storage and retrieval facilities, so that the carrier of information resources in the form of great changes have taken place, most of the information resources have been digitized, from paper to electronic resources, changes in resources, making many In looking for information resources and access to really become faster and more convenient. With the emergence of the network, the Earth is reduced to a "village", the distance is no longer an obstacle to the dissemination of information, access to a more simple and quick. In addition, the network is also promoting the digital information resources to enhance the process, more and more digital information resources, networking, in order to more convenient and efficient access to needed resources, the emergence of Baidu, Google, Sohu, and other search engines, which Greatly changed the way people access information model, greatly improved peoples reading needs

一、关于人物：

1、辨识小说的主人公。

最能表现小说主题的人物，是小说的主人公。

2、概括人物形象。

姓名+性格（品行）+身份（职业、评价）

3、指出塑造人物形象的方法。

①正面描写。也叫直接描写，即通过直接地描写人物的肖像、行动、语言、心理、神态、细节描写来揭示人物思想品质及性格特点，反映作品主题。

②侧面描写。也叫间接描写，即通过他人的言行间接地描写主人公。

小说对××人进行了××××描写，表现了他的××××性格。

4 、概括人物的性格特征。

A、抓人物的行动、语言、外貌、心理活动。

B、抓富有表现力的词语。

C、抓人物的多个方面和不同表现。从一个方面一件事概括人物特点是不全面的，所以，在概括人物特点时，要从多个材料，多方面地分析人物的表现和变化来归纳人物的特点。

二、关于环境：

A社会环境描写：①交代时代背景。②交代社会习俗。③交代思想观念。④交代人与人之间的关系。⑤揭示小说的主旨。

公式：这是××××描写，交代了××××，揭示了××××。

B景物描写：①交代故事发生的背景。②推动故事情节的发展。

③烘托人物的心理活动及感受。④渲染气氛。

公式：这是××××描写，渲染了××××气氛，烘托了××××心情，

为下文××××作铺垫。

三、关于情节：

1、概括故事情节。

××人干××事。

××人在××时××地××干××事。

2、如何做填空题。

A 、由已知推未知。故事情节，指的是开端、发展、高潮、结局。要看清楚题目要求填的是什么。

B、读懂所给的示例 ，格式、语气要一致。

四、关于标题：

1、标题的含义。

表层义（即字面义）+深层义（比喻义或引申义或指代义）。

2、标题的作用。

①点明小说的中心。②高度概括小说的主要内容。③是贯穿全文的线索。

④交代主要人物。⑤引起读者阅读的兴趣。

3、 给小说拟标题。

A、看中心句。B、看开头和结尾。C、看文中反复出现的句子。

五、指出关键性词语的含义并赏析关键性词语。

表层义（即字面义）+深层义（比喻义或引申义或指代义）。

××词语用得很好，它的原意是××××，在这里的意思是××××，表现了××××（结合小说主题）。

六、赏析关键性句。

A、从修辞的角度。

修辞方法+效果+语境作用+表达了××××感情（或××××主题）。

B、从哲理的角度。

表层义（即字面义）+蕴涵了××××哲理。

C、从用词的角度。

××词用得很好+效果+语境作用+表达了××××感情（或××××主题）。

七、概括小说的主旨。

通过××××，表达了（揭露了、赞扬了） ××××。

比如：这篇小说通过菲利普夫妇对亲兄弟于勒的态度反复变化最终弃而不认的故

事，揭露了资本主义社会人与人之间的关系是赤裸裸的金钱关系。

八、赏析小说的写作特色。

①正面描写与侧面描写相结合。②衬托。③对比。④象征。⑤设置悬念。

⑥铺垫。⑦照应等。

九、揣摩人物的情感。

一抓，抓住句子中直接表现人物情感的词语。比如：“他高兴地说”中的“高兴”。

二析，即分析重点词语。比如：《生日》一文中，“百感交集”一词，是形容很多感情交织在一起的，那么体会人物情感时，应该是很多种，而不是一种。

There were three of them. There were four of us, and April lay on the campsite and on the river, a mixture of dawn at a damp extreme and the sun in the leaves at cajole. This was Deer Lodge on the Pine River in Ossipee, New Hampshire, though the lodge was naught but a foundation remnant in the earth. Brother Bentleys father, Oren, had found this place sometime after the First World War, a foreign affair that had seriously done him no good but he found solitude abounding here. Now we were here, post World War II, post Korean War, Vietnam War on the brink. So much learned, so much yet to learn.

Peace then was everywhere about us, in the riot of young leaves, in the spree of bird confusion and chatter, in the struggle of pre-dawn animals for the start of a new day, a Cooper Hawk that had smashed down through trees for a squealing rabbit, yap of a fox at a youngster, a skunk at rooting.

We had pitched camp in the near darkness, Ed LeBlanc, Brother Bentley, Walter Ruszkowski, myself. A dozen or more years we had been here, and seen no one. Now, into our campsite deep in the forest, so deep that at times we had to rebuild sections of narrow road (more a loggers path) flushed out by earlier rains, deep enough where we thought wed again have no traffic, came a growling engine, an old solid body van, a Chevy, the kind I had driven for Frankie Pike and the Lobster Pound in Lynn delivering lobsters throughout the Merrimack Valley. It had pre-WW II high fenders, a faded black paint on a body youd swear had been hammered out of corrugated steel, and an engine that made sounds too angry and too early for the start of day. Two elderly men, we supposed in their seventies, sat the front seat; felt hats at the slouch and decorated with an assortment of tied flies like a miniature bandoleer of ammunition on the band. They could have been conscripts for Emilano Zappata, so loaded their hats and their vests as they climbed out of the truck.

"Mornin, been yet?" one of them said as he pulled his boots up from the folds at his knees, the tops of them as wide as a big mouth bass coming up from the bottom for a frog sitting on a lily pad. His hands were large, the fingers long and I could picture them in a shop barn working a primal plane across the face of a maple board. Custom-made, old elegance, those hands said.

"Barely had coffee," Ed LeBlanc said, the most vocal of the four of us, quickest at friendship, at shaking hands. "Weve got a whole pot almost. Have what you want." The pot was pointed out sitting on a hunk of grill across the stones of our fire, flames licking lightly at its sides. The pot appeared as if it had been at war, a number of dents scarred it, the handle had evidently been replaced, and if not adjusted against a small rock it would have fallen over for sure. Once, a half-hour on the road heading north, noting it missing, wed gone back to get it. When we fished the Pine River, coffee was the glue, the morning glue, the late evening glue, even though wed often unearth our beer from a natural cooler in early evening. Coffee, camp coffee, has a ritual. It is thick, it is dark, it is potboiled over a squaw-pine fire, it is strong, it is enough to wake the demon in you, stoke last evenings cheese and pepperoni. First man up makes the fire, second man the coffee; but into that pot has to go fresh eggshells to hold the grounds down, give coffee a taste of history, a sense of place. That means at least one egg be cracked open for its shells, usually in the shadows and glimmers of false dawn. I suspect thats where "scrambled eggs" originated, from some camp like ours, settlers rushing west, lumberjacks hungry, hoboes lobbying for breakfast. So, camp coffee has made its way into poems, gatherings, memories, a time and thing not letting go, not being manhandled, not being cast aside.

英语作文阅读：AnEmptyBox

Once upon a time, a man punished his 5-year-old daughter for using up the familys only roll of expensive gold wrapping paper. Money was tight, and he became even more upset when on Christmas Eve, he saw that the child had pasted the gold paper so as to decorate a shoebox to put under the Christmas tree.

Nevertheless, the next morning the little girl, filled with excitement, brought the gift box to her father and said, "This is for you, Daddy!"

As he opened the box, the father was embarrassed by his earlier overreaction.

But when he opened it, he found it was empty and again his anger flared. "Dont you know, young lady, " he said harshly, "when you give someone a present theres supposed to be something inside the package!"

The little girl looked up at him with tears rolling from her eyes and said: "Daddy, its not empty. I blew kisses into it until it was all full."

The father was crushed. He fell on his knees and put his arms around his precious little girl. He begged her to forgive him for his unnecessary anger.

An accident took the life of the child only a short time later. It is told that the father kept that little gold box by his bed for all the years of his life. Whenever he was discouraged or faced difficult problems he would open the box, take out an imaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautiful child who had put it there.

In a very real sense, each of us as human beings have been given an invisible golden box filled with unconditional love and kisses from our children, family, friends and God.

There is no more precious possession anyone could hold.

英语作文阅读：HappinessEquateswithFun

I live in Hollywood. You may think people in such a glamorous, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.

Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more abiding emotion.

Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends.

I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful inpiduals have constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells "happiness".

But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children, profound loneliness.

The way people cling to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equates happiness actually diminishes their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness, then pain must be equated with unhappiness. But, in fact, the opposite is true: More times than not, things that lead to happiness involve some pain.

As a result, many people avoid the very endeavors that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, civic or charitable work, and self-improvement.

英语作文阅读：TodayisaGift

Two men, both seriously ill, occupied the same hospital room. One man was allowed to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon to help drain the fluid from his lungs. His bed was next to the room‘s only window. The other man had to spend all his time flat on his back. The men talked for hours on end.

They spoke of their wives and families, their homes, their jobs, their involvement in the military service, where they had been on vacation. And every afternoon when the man in the bed by the window could sit up, he would pass the time by describing to his roommate all the things he could see outside the window. The man in the other bed began to live for those one-hour periods where his world would be broadened and enlivened by all the activity and color of the world outside.

The window overlooked a park with a lovely lake. Ducks and swans played on the water while children sailed their model boats. Young lovers walked arm in arm amidst flowers of every color of the rainbow. Grand old trees graced the landscape, and a fine view of the city skyline could be seen in the distance. As the man by the window described all this in exquisite detail, the man on the other side of the room would close his eyes and imagine the picturesque scene.

One warm afternoon the man by the window described a parade passing by. Although the other man couldn‘t hear the band - he could see it in his mind‘s eye as the gentleman by the window portrayed it with descriptive words.

Days and weeks passed. One morning, the day nurse arrived to bring water for their baths only to find the lifeless body of the man by the window, who had died peacefully in his sleep. She was saddened and called the hospital attendants to take the body away.

As soon as it seemed appropriate, the other man asked if he could be moved next to the window. The nurse was happy to make the switch, and after making sure he was comfortable, she left him alone. Slowly and painfully, he propped himself up on one elbow to take his first look at the world outside. Finally, he would have the joy of seeing it for himself. He strained to slowly turn to look out the window beside the bed. It faced a blank wall.

The man asked the nurse what could have compelled his deceased roommate who had described such wonderful things outside this window. The nurse responded that the man was blind and could not even see the wall. She said, "Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you."

英语作文阅读：IsPackingImportanttoYou

A young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had admired a beautiful sports car in a dealers showroom, and knowing his father could well afford it, he told him that was all he wanted.

As Graduation Day approached, the young man awaited signs that his father had purchased the car. Finally, on the morning of his graduation, his father called him into his private study. His father told him how proud he was to have such a fine son, and told him how much he loved him. He handed his son a beautiful wrapped gift box. Curious, but somewhat disappointed, the young man opened the box and found a lovely, leather-bound Bible, with the young mans name embossed in gold.

Angrily, he raised his voice to his father and said, "With all your money you give me a Bible?" He then stormed out of the house, leaving the Bible.

Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and a wonderful family, but realizing his father was very old, he thought perhaps he should go to see him. He had not seen him since that graduation day. Before he could make the arrangements, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and take care of things.

When he arrived at his fathers house, sudden sadness and regret filled his heart. He began to search through his fathers important papers and saw the still new Bible, just as he had left it years ago.

With tears, he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages. As he was reading, a car key dropped from the back of the Bible. It had a tag with the dealers name, the same dealer who had the sports car he had desired. On the tag was the date of his graduation, and the words… "PAID IN FULL".

How many times do we miss blessings because they are not packaged as we expected? I trust you enjoyed this. Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you have not; but remember that what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for. Sometimes we dont realize the good fortune we have or we could have because we expect "the packaging" to be different. What may appear as bad fortune may in fact be the door that is just waiting to be opened.

英语作文阅读：TheBabyEagle

Once upon a time there was a baby eagle living in a nest perched on a cliff overlooking a beautiful valley with waterfalls and streams, trees and lots of little animals, scurrying about enjoying their lives.

The baby eagle liked the nest. It was the only world he had ever known. It was warm and comfortable, had a great view, and even better, he had all the food and love and attention that a great mother eagle could provide. Many times each day the mother would swoop down from the sky and land in the nest and feed the baby eagle delicious morsels of food. She was like a god to him, he had no idea where she came from or how she worked her magic.

The baby eagle was hungry all the time, but the mother eagle would always come just in time with the food and love and attention he craved. The baby eagle grew strong. His vision grew very sharp. He felt good all the time.

Until one day, the mother stopped coming to the nest.

The baby eagle was hungry. "Im sure to die," said the baby eagle, all the time.

"Very soon, death is coming," he cried, with tears streaming down his face. Over and over. But there was no one there to hear him.

Then one day the mother eagle appeared at the top of the mountain cliff, with a big bowl of delicious food and she looked down at her baby. The baby looked up at the mother and cried "Why did you abandon me? Im going to die any minute. How could you do this to me?"

The mother said, "Here is some very tasty and nourishing food, all you have to do is come get it."

"Come get it!" said the baby, with much anger. "How?"

The mother flew away.

The baby cried and cried and cried.

A few days later, "Im going to end it all," he said. "I give up. It is time for me to die."

He didnt know his mother was nearby. She swooped down to the nest with his last meal.

"Eat this, its your last meal," she said.

The baby cried, but he ate and whined and whined about what a bad mother she was.

"Youre a terrible mother," he said. Then she pushed him out of the nest.

He fell.

Head first.

Picked up speed.

Faster and faster.

He screamed. "Im dying Im dying," he cried. He picked up more speed.

He looked up at his mother. "How could you do this to me?"

He looked down.

The ground rushed closer, faster and faster. He could visualize his own death so clearly, coming so soon, and cried and whined and complained. "This isnt fair!" he screamed.

Something strange happens.

The air caught behind his arms and they snapped away from his body, with a feeling unlike anything he had ever experienced. He looked down and saw the sky. He wasnt moving towards the ground anymore, his eyes were pointed up at the sun.

"Huh?" he said. "What is going on here!"

"Youre flying," his mother said.

"This is fun!" laughed the baby eagle, as he soared and ped and swooped.

"Yes it is!" said the mother.

[英语作文阅读：The Three Fishermen

除散文这种常考文体之外，小说也是最近几年尤其是新课程高考中非常热门的一种文体。由于湖南省语文新课程实施中必选了一门《外国小说欣赏》，从而凸显了外国小说阅读在今后湖南省高考中的地位，需要引起广大考生的高度重视。《外国小说欣赏》由叙述场景主题人物情节结构情感和虚构等八个话题知识组成，因而这些话题知识很可能就是高考出题的八个考点，试题一般以主观简答题的形式出现。所以

在外国小说阅读的复习中，考生宜紧扣教材的八个话题知识展开，细密梳理八个话题知识及掌握答题要领，规范作答话语。具体而言：

1．理解叙述角度、人称及其表达效果

【考点梳理】

叙述角度有全知视角和有限视角两种。全知视角大多见于传统小说，叙述者如上帝一般俯瞰人间，对所发生的故事、各个人物都了如指掌，有时候还跳到前台对人物评头论足。如雨果的《一滴眼泪换一滴水》。全知视角不受时间空间和人物的限制，方便读者了解故事的来龙去脉。

有限视角的特点是叙述讲究遮蔽作者意图，故意隐藏一些环节，留给读者自己去推理、判断与评价。完全依赖于人物的眼睛来看小说里的世界，完全靠叙述者带领读者走进情节的各个环节，让读者参与其中。这使得读者变得不像在阅读传统小说那样只是被动地听故事，而必须调动自己的知识、经验和想象力。如海明威的《桥边的老人》。

全知视角与有限视角无优劣之分，选择怎样的视角完全依照小说的具体需要。一篇小说可以通篇都用全知视角或有限视角，也可能有视角的转换。如鲁迅的《祝福》。

叙述人称主要有第一人称我和第三人称他。第一人称的叙述只能局限于叙述人的所见所闻，与有限视角一样会受到一定的叙述限制，但它能使小说显得真实亲切，拉近与读者的距离，同时便于抒发感情。相比较而言，第三人称叙述则更自由，与全知视角一样，对人物和故事无所不知，但它的叙述并不那么亲切没有距离感。小说家选择何种叙述人称完全是根据小说的具体叙述需要而定的，也无所谓孰优孰劣。

小说用第二人称你来叙述的情况很少见，严格上说不是一种叙述角度而是小说中的一个人物。用你，倾注的是叙述者对这个人物一种抒情目光，将之当作朋友，更加拉近叙述者与人物之间的距离，使得他们之间别有一种依恋和欣赏的意味。

【命题形式】

小说采用的是什么叙述视角（或人称）？这样的叙述视角（或人称）能够取到怎样的表达效果？等等。

【答题要领】

准确识别叙述视角与叙述人称，对叙述视角或人称的表达效果进行分点作答，要能结合文本进行具体分析。

2．把握场景的功能

【考点梳理】

场景这个话题主要应把握场景的5点功能：①如果场景在小说开头，那么其功能是给全篇定调。或者定下情感的基调或者定下叙述基调，使得叙述更舒缓自然或顺理成章。②营造特定的意境与渲染特定的气氛，以感染读者或人物。③如果场景出现在人物出场前，那么其功能便是导引人物出场。如果置于小说的某个情节，其作用可能是推动情节发展。④如果场景置于人物的描写之中，那么其功能是揭示人物的性格。⑤如果某个场景作为小说的主背景，那么其作用很可能是作为一种象征。如海明威的《老人与海》中的大海，便是人生的象征，老人与海的斗争，是人与自己命运的斗争。

在大多情况下，小说中的某个场景的功能不是单一的而是综合的，这要结合具体的小说文本进行具体分析。

【命题形式】

小说的描写了某某的场景，这样写有什么作用？结合全文，请简要分析。等等。

【答题要领】

主要从场景对于氛围、情节和人物等角度切入思考，要结合具体文本的具体位置进行具体分析，最好分点作答。

3．探究复杂多义的小说主题

【考点梳理】

所有作品都是有主题的，生与死爱与恨美与丑等是小说家写不厌的母题，作家试图通过小说来表达自己对婚姻、家庭和爱情的体悟，对人性弱点的悲悯与失望，或者对真善美的讴歌与追求。这样的小说主要以思想的深度来展示其独有的魅力，我们称之为思想小说。有些小说则主要以讲故事为目的，其魅力在于故事本身的曲折、离奇或者故事讲述的独特技巧。这样的小说，我们称之为故事性小说。

但凡优秀的小说，它的形象大于思想，它靠形象来揭示蕴含其中的深刻思想。小说最忌讳主题鲜明，好的小说总是赋予读者丰富的解读空间，让读者见出其中复杂多义的世界。从而充分展示其无穷魅力。罗兰·巴特说：作品一旦产生，作者就死了。说的正是小说主题具有复杂多义的特点，这就使得小说主题具有丰富的探究性。

但是小说主题的复杂性和多义性并不是无边界的，读者对小说主题的把握应该相对合理而不能离谱地误读。尽管一千个读者，就有一千个哈姆雷特，但读者读出的毕竟还应该是哈姆雷特。那么，如何把握小说相对合理而复杂多义的主题而不至于被认为是误读呢？

可以从三个方面去把握：一是从小说的情节和人物形象入手；二是联系作品的时代背景及典型的环境描写，认识人物形象的思想性格上所打上的时代烙印，把握住人物形象所折射出的时代特征达到揭示小说主题的目的；三是从小说的精巧构思中把握作品的主题。

This years Spring Festival, I read" the old man and the sea", is a famous American writer Hemingway wrote. I admire the old fisherman in the novel very much, he lets me understand that a person must have unremittingly spirit, could succeed. This novel is a description of a nearly sixty years old, alone in fishing, caught a big fish, but can not draw. The old fisherman and fish deal after several days, they find it is a big Malin fish over several times their own boats, while knowing that it is difficult to win, does not give up yet.

[英语的读书笔记3篇

A good book not only brings happiness to people, but also comforts; it can

not only make you think deeply, but also enlighten you. A good book is a wise

man, a mentor, a friend, and a partner. My favorite thing is reading.

books also bring me much joy. I remember one time, my mother bought me

"Insects", the book records many insects and their habits. I couldnt put it

down, and when I got home, I picked up the book and read it with interest. When

I read the firefly insect, a beautiful scene immediately appeared in my mind: On

a summer night, I was walking in the park, and at this time, many fireflies were

flying around me. Illuminate the way forward... The more I think about it, the

more excited I am, and I read it more seriously. When I read about ants, an

insect, I couldnt help but be shocked by its unity. Together, ants can move

things that are several times heavier than them. I also feel that we must learn

from the spirit of ants. Reading and reading, I forgot the time. It wasnt until

my mother came to ask me to eat, I reluctantly put down the book and swallowed a

spit, as if swallowing wisdom into my stomach, my heart was still in the

colorful world of insects.

Gorky once said: "I am on books, like hungry people are on bread." Food

feeds only our bodies, and books feed our souls. Books can increase our

knowledge, broaden our horizons, and improve our writing skills; they can bring

us inspiration and happiness. "When the book is used, we hate less", so I think

we need to read more and read more books to make our achievements bloom like

sesame seeds.

英语原版小说的阅读技巧与策略说实话,在原版小说的阅读方面,我不是高手,虽然有很多恩师淳淳教导,自己也买了借了很多原版小说,在我印象中,没有一本好好读完的,唯一的一本大16开的600多pages的原版教材,到是花了3个月的时间啃完了.

近来由于2外的需要,本人再次向原版小说进军.我把自己的一些3角猫的阅读技巧与策略祥述如下,希望各位高人指点在下…

1. why to read original edition novel

要想真正提高外语水平,阅读原版小说是必经之路,正如不是每个人都能成为外语高手一样,

不是每个人都能够有毅力读完N本原版小说的.(我特佩服门卫,能够把一本都上N遍,如果我有这种毅力的话,早就成为高手了…)

2. fundamental conditions

语法:系统准确的掌握语法. 基本上,如果是E,高中毕业以后这一点都达到了

词汇: 熟练词汇>2.5k, 认知词汇>5k

工具书:一本C-E,

一本E-E,或者用文曲星代替,但我偏好字典----词汇认知学指出,词汇的记忆效果与词汇的检索时间正相关(我现在读法文,由3本D, F-C,F-E,F-F)

3. 选材,仁者见仁,就我个人而言, 我偏好当代中篇作品(我现在选了一本Marcel Pagnol 写于1957年的, 280pages)

4. 前期工作: 查找百科全书或相应的工具书,了解到作者的生平,作品,世人的评价.

5. 阅读中的词汇学习: 每天阅读6 pages(6X225=1350字),在阅读过程中碰到new words先做标记,读完后再查D, 把生词记载在本子上,并及时背诵(我现在最怕的就是这一点,会不会半途而废???)

6. how to read

我准备默读, 这是我的习惯,朗读太费劲了,泛读也没有意义,介于精泛之间

7. read what

我主要研究其词汇搭配.词汇的用法是语言中最难的,比如,法语中最简单的一个介词à,用法不计其数,在大型D上有好几页,

为什么同样的词汇在名家手下就生龙活虎,到了我的手下就一潭死水呢?我认为这应该是读原版小说的最根本目的.

记得AS以前告诫我,要多学词法,少背词汇, 可惜一直没有好好的实行, 现在,我就以法语作为实验品吧…再次谢谢AS!!!

我准备把注意力集中在介词,连词,动词上面,因为名词和形容词的用法太简单了,不知这样是否OK?

8. how to digest

每读完一章写一篇读后感,相当于开卷考试,经常并及时背诵本子上的new words

9. 结语

方法人人都有,上面只是我个人的对策,真诚的希望大家对阅读原版小说提出意见和建议.

It (Example:0) 8 o’clock 41，and the last bus42at the second bus stop.A middleaged woman got out,and the conductor was going to ring the bell for43to start the bus again,just at that moment he saw a small child44at the bus stop.

“What’s wrong with you?” the bus conductor said to the boy.

“Well,my mother gave me ten pence to go home by bus after school,but I45the money after I finished playing football with my classmates,” the child answered, “so I have to walk all the way home.”

“That’s OK.” said the conductor. “Come on.We’ll take you home.”

The child thanked him,46the bus and sat down near the door.The conductor rang the bell,then the bus started. “How47are you living?” asked the conductor.

The child told him the name of the place where he lived.It was about two miles away,and48would have cost him two pence if the child had had the money to pay for it.

The conductor went to give some other people on the bus their tickets,and when he came back a few minutes49,he saw that child crying again.

“And what’s the matter with you now?” he asked. “Aren’t you on your way home?”

“Yes,I am,” answered the child, “but what about my change?You haven’t given it to me,have you?You should give me50.”

[英语阅读作文

1、小说概念:是以刻画典型人物为中心，通过完整的故事情节和人物活动着的环境的描写来反映复杂的社会生活。

2、小说种类?

长篇小说、中篇小说、短篇小说、小小说

3、小说三要素?

人物、环境、情节

4、环境的种类及作用?

(1)自然环境

交代故事发生的时间、地点及人物活动的空间，衬托人物的心情。

(2)社会环境

交代事件发生的社会背景、时代特征，衬托人物性格，推动情节发展，

揭示文章主题。

5、情节由哪几部分构成?

(序幕)开端、发展、高潮、结局(尾声)

6.续写小说结尾。

按照小说故事情节发展的规律续写，要简洁含蓄，富有哲理，引人深思。

二、考点及答题技巧

〈一〉整体感知类题型及答题要点。

1.用短语或句子概括情节，写在空格内。

2.概述故事内容(特别注意情节双线发展的内容概括)

3.局部内容的理解

〈二〉人物形象分析的题型及答题要点

1.你认为主要人物是一个怎样的人?

2.结合内容具体分析人物的性格特征。

这类题的答题步骤：

①.答出描写人物的方法。(肖像、语言、动作、心理;侧面描写)

②答出这些方法的具体内容(找最能表现人物特点的重点词语和句子。)

③针对具体内容分析人物特点，注意从外在的肖像特点到内在的心里想法，再到精神品质。要分析全面，具体，不可泛泛而谈。

3.发挥想象，补写人物心理活动。

①心理活动的作用：揭示人物的内心世界，表现人物的思想感情，刻画人物性格，深化作品主题。

出现问题：

①.缺要素

②.心理活动不符合人物性格。

原因分析：

①.答题时随意，说的话不符合人物性格。

②不注意联系上下文，忽略了文中人物的潜台词。

这类题的答题方法：.通过语言、神态、动作分析人物的心理过程。

〈三〉环境描写的题型及答题要点

(节气、天气、气候、风物、景色)

环境描写的作用1.交代背景。2.推动情节。3.渲染气氛。4.刻画人物形象，衬托人物的性格、情绪。5.使故事情节更为生动、真实。6.使主题更为突出、深刻。7要表现一定的新鲜感受或微妙情绪，做到情景交融，能够给人以感染、启发和美的享受。

〈四〉理解标题的含义。

1.以主要内容或主要事件拟题。

2. 以贯穿全文的线索拟题。

3. 以有象征意义又暗含中心的的实物为题。

4. 以主要人物为题。

5. 以特定环境为题

分析标题的答题注意事项

①注意分析标题中的中心语和修饰语的含义。一般包含两层含义：一是内容概括，二是主题概括。

②.如果小说标题就揭示了中心，那就结合小说结尾答出文章中心。

〈五〉关于评价、体验、感悟、启示的问题。

这类题往往是考查学生们对文学作品内涵的把握。并结合自身经历谈体验、感悟等。

启示——领悟的道理。(结合人物、主题答)

体验——亲身经历或通过实践对周围事物的认识。

感悟——有所感触而领悟。

评价——对人、事的看法。

〈六〉关于写法的问题。

1.题材与主题的关系。

题材——表现主题的材料：人物、环境、事件

丰富人物性格，增强情节发展的真实性，艺术形象的可感性以及整个作品的艺术感染力。

2.倒叙、插叙的作用。

一般来说，倒叙的作用是设置悬念，为下文铺设，吸引读者。

3.伏笔——叙述的一种手法。对作品中将要出现的人物或事件，预先作出提示或暗示，以求前后呼应。其作用是有助于全文达到结构严谨，情节发展合理的效果。

4.悬念——作品使欣赏者所产生的一种关于事件发展和人物命运的紧张心情，这种心理活动叫作悬念。其作用是引起读者兴趣，

加强作品的艺术感染力，具有引人入胜的艺术效果。

(七)对关键性词语含义的理解

一般来说，这类题目结合上下文，根据文章所提供的语言环境来理解词语在这个环境中的比喻义、象征义、指代义或者其所具有的内涵和外延，此知识点在湖南益阳的《白蝴蝶花》中就有考查到。在做题的过程中可借助“代入法”将自己的理解代入文中，检验一下这种理解与上下文的意思有无不协调，甚至冲突的地方。

(八)对主旨的把握

小说的主旨是文章的核心，只有主旨把握正确了，人物、环境才有章可循。概括中心的关键在于对文章中的人、物、事的整体性思考，要把重点集中在反映出来的社会现象上，人物在社会活动中表现出来的思想情感上和通过在对人命运的考察中领悟到的哲理上等等。还要多注意抒情议论式的句子，作者的观点往往隐于其中。再者，主旨的卷面表达也要注意其规范性，一般的模式为“通过____事表达一种_____现象(思想、品格)。

(九)刻画人物形象的方法

小说是以塑造人物为中心的，人物塑造的方法有①正面描写。也叫直接描写，即通过直接地描写人物的肖像、行动、语言、心理、神态来揭示人物思想品质及性格特点，反映作品主题。②侧面描写。也叫间接描写。即通过他人的言行间接写主人公。例如：《多收了三五斗》中米行老板的描写正烘托了“旧毡帽”的悲惨命运。③细节描写。通过分析人物的具体细微的肖像、动作、语言、心理、环境和场面的细枝末节的描写来表现人物性格。

自从读上了《三国演义》这本书后，我认识了许许多多的三国英雄也明白了很能多故事，如刘备、关羽、张飞、袁绍、曹操《刘关张桃园三结义》《陆逊火烧连营七百里》《关羽温酒斩华雄》可是令我受益良多的，是《关羽温酒斩华雄》这个故事。

这个故事说了，董卓在汉山横行霸道，有一次令华雄到袁绍寨前挑战，袁绍派名将俞涉、潘凤出击，谁知都被斩了。关羽请战，却因关羽只是马弓手被袁绍大骂。曹操却酾上温酒让关羽壮胆，关羽要求先战后喝。关羽果然斩了华雄，并且回到寨时酒还尚温，曹操大喜。

关羽温酒斩华雄这一段写的栩栩如生，仅用几个词就写出了当时的激烈场面，鼓声大震，喊声大举天摧地塌，岳撼山崩，是这段的点眼之笔。酾提掷更写出了关云长的英勇、大胆。这也正是云长停盏施英勇，酒尚温时斩华雄。可见关羽比那些认为厉害的人要强好多。

《关羽温酒斩华雄》让我明白了，做人，不能只看表面和他的职位定一个人的才能，并且不能只欣赏地位很高的人，因为他们不必须是最棒的，或者真正的人才。天才在一些不起眼的人群当中，可能他的才能比地位很高的人强记多了，却只是还没被人发掘出来。这个故事还告诉了我：做人就必须做像关羽一个勇敢、有胆识、有自信、雄心壮志，不能贪生怕死、胸无大志。让我们也来当上个小英雄!

曹操招兵买马，会合袁绍、公孙瓒、孙坚等十七路兵马，攻打董卓。刘备、关羽和张飞追随公孙瓒一同前往。董卓大将华雄打败了十八路兵马的先锋孙坚，又在阵前杀了两员大将，十分得意。十八路诸侯都很惊慌，束手无策，袁绍说：可惜我的大将颜良、文丑不在，不然，就不怕华雄了。话音刚落，关羽高声叫道：小将愿意去砍下华雄的脑袋!

袁绍认为关羽可是是个马弓手，就生气地说：我们十八路诸侯大将几百员，却要派一个马弓手出战，岂不让华雄笑话。关羽大声说：我如果杀不了华雄，就请砍下我的脑袋。曹操听了，十分欣赏。于是，就倒了一杯热酒，递给关羽说：将军喝了这杯酒，再前去杀敌。关羽接过酒杯，又放在桌上说：等我杀了华雄再回来喝吧!说完，提着大刀上马去了。

关羽武艺高强，没一会儿，就砍下了华雄的脑袋。他回到军营，曹操连忙拿起桌上的酒杯递给他，此时，杯中的酒还是热的。

待到晚来时分，青樱回自己殿中歇息，只觉得精疲力竭，连抬手喝茶的力气也没了。

惢心吩咐了一声，立刻便有小宫女上来，捶肩的捶肩，捏背的捏背。阿箬准备了热水正要给青樱烫手，惢心悄悄摇了摇头，低声道：“换冰水来吧。”

阿箬即刻换了水来，惢心已经从黄花梨的银锁屉子里找了一段清凉膏药出来，伺候着青樱浣了手，用银签子仔细挑了点药膏出来，小心翼翼地抹在青樱十指。

阿箬见青樱的十指个个留着绯红的印子，知道是烫的了，不觉柳眉倒竖，叱道：“惢心，你是跟着小主出去的，怎么小主的手会烫得这么红?你是怎么伺候的!”

惢心急得满脸通红，忙低声道：“阿箬姐姐，这件事说来话长……”

“说来话长……”阿箬轻哼一声，“无非是自己偷懒不当心罢了，这会子还敢回嘴!到底不是跟着小主的家生丫头，不知道心疼小主!”

阿箬是青樱的陪嫁，一向最有脸面，便自恃着是青樱的娘家人，说话做事也格外厉害些。惢心是潜邸里指过去跟着伺候各房福晋格格的，都是从了心字辈，虽然也是体面丫鬟，但毕竟比不上阿箬了，因此阿箬说话，她也不敢过多分辩。

青樱听着心烦不已，只冷冷道：“我没伺候好太后，弄伤了自己，午后已经上过点药了。”阿箬吃了一惊，立刻闭上嘴不敢多言，行动伺候间也轻手轻脚了许多。

青樱涂完了膏药，就着惢心的手喝了一盏茶，缓和了神色，阿箬方上来笑道：“今日是最后一日举哀。明儿个是皇上正式登基的日子，小主也该换点喜庆颜色的打扮了。”

阿箬见青樱点头，愈加笑起来，“奴婢听说前头定了皇上的年号是乾隆，真真是个兴隆旺盛，气象一新的好年号。奴婢们也跟着沾沾喜气，就等着皇上册封小主那一日了。”

青樱默默喝了口茶，“那又如何?”

阿箬喜气洋洋请了一安，“奴婢就等着娘娘册封贵妃的好日子了，这两日别的小主来探望您，她们身边的奴才也都这么说呢。”

青樱似笑非笑，只捧了茶盏凝神道：“你便看准了我有这样的好福气。那么阿箬，若是我只被封做答应，抑或被赶出宫中，你觉得如何呢?”

阿箬大惊失色，张口结舌道：“这……这怎么会?”

青樱敛容道：“怎么不会?有你这样红口白舌替我招祸，还敢与别人说这样的是非，我怎会不被你牵连。皇上要册封谁贬黜谁，那全是皇上的心意，你妄揣圣意，我问问你，你有几条命?”

阿箬吓得跪下，“小主，奴婢失言了，奴婢也是关心小主情切。”

青樱冷了冷道：“惢心，带她出去。阿箬言行有失，不许再在殿内伺候。”

阿箬惊慌失措，忙抱住青樱的腿道：“小主，小主，奴婢是您的陪嫁侍女，从小就伺候您，还请您顾惜奴婢的颜面，别赶了奴才去外头伺候。”

青樱摇头道：“你三番五次失言，来日皇上面前，难道我也能替你挡罪吗?”

阿箬哭道：“奴婢伺候小主，一直不敢不当心。小主喜欢多热的水多浓的茶，奴才都牢牢记在心里，一刻都不敢忘。还请小主饶恕奴才这回吧。”

青樱自知自己在潜邸里得意惯了，身边的人难免也跟着不小心，可是如今形势大变，不比往常，这心里的为难气苦，也只有自己知道。偏偏阿箬仗着是自己的陪嫁丫鬟，惯来无甚眉高眼低，自己有心要拿她做个筏子，却也狠不下心来。

半晌，青樱见阿箬兀自吓得伏在地上发抖，拼命哀求，也是从未有过的委屈，立时喝道：“还不出去!要再这样言语没有分寸，立刻叫人拖出去杖责，打死也不为过。”

阿箬闻声，吓得脸也白了，拼命磕头不已，还是惢心机灵，一把扶起了阿箬，赶紧谢了恩让她退下了。

这一来，殿中便安静了许多。伺候青樱的人都是见惯阿箬的身份和得宠的，一见如此，不由得人人噤声。青樱扬一扬脸，惢心立刻会意，打开殿门，青樱慢慢啜一口茶，不疾不徐道：“如今是在宫里，不比在潜邸由得你们任性，胡言乱语，信口开河。但凡我听到一句敢在背后议论主子的话，立刻送去慎刑司打死，绝不留情。”

她这句话虽无所指，但人人听见无不起了冷汗，齐齐应了声，不敢再多惹半句是非。

青樱扬一扬脸，众人会意，立刻都退了出去。惢心见殿中无人，方伺候了青樱卸妆梳洗。青樱由着她摆弄，自己只坐在妆台前，望着镜中的自己。镜里容颜是看得再熟悉不过了，她才不过十九岁，出自先帝皇后的母族，一路顺风顺水，得了庇护，也难免性子娇些。这一路走路不能不说是安稳，但若论万事真有不足，那也是数年前那一桩旧事了。

出身高贵，青樱知道自己的身份，这一世不论高低，哪怕不是选秀进宫为嫔妃，也是要嫁与皇亲国戚的。最好的出路，当然是成为哪一位皇子的嫡福晋，主持一府事务，延续乌拉那拉氏的荣光。

先帝成年的儿子，只有三阿哥弘时、四阿哥弘历、五阿哥弘昼。当时她要被许配的，是三阿哥弘时。可是弘时偏偏心有所属，并不认可自己做他的福晋。万般无奈之下，正逢上当时尚为熹贵妃的太后为四阿哥求娶，她才如获大赦一般，逃脱了被人指指点点的尴尬，做了四阿哥的侧福晋。

嫁入四阿哥府邸后，日子也还算顺畅。虽然先帝跟前，四阿哥一直不算是最得宠的皇子，她也安下了心思，陪他过着每一日看似平静却得仔细打算着过的日子。幸好家中还安宁，府中比她地位高的，唯有一个嫡福晋富察氏，她一心只念着为四阿哥开枝散叶，巩固地位，也少与她争执。这些年四阿哥虽然收了几个妾室，但待她也算亲厚。她虽然出嫁前性子被家中宠得娇惯些，又有夫君的宠爱，难免骄横些。可是先帝最后那几年，自己的姑母乌拉那拉皇后失宠，她也不敢不收敛了些许。如今先帝驾崩，自己的夫君一朝登上九五之尊的位置，她心中自然欣喜万分，为他骄傲不已。可宫中的生活，才这几日便已经如履薄冰，晞月的凌驾，皇后的冷目，太后的敲打，无一不警醒着她，从前无知无觉的快乐岁月，是一去不复返了。

青樱静静地坐着，看着镜中形单影只的自己。为着先帝驾崩，宫中虽然一切简素，也让她们暂居偏殿，但宫殿到底还是宫殿，富丽堂皇，金堆玉砌，一切都如同繁花拱锦绣，无一不华美炫目。只有她，她是一个人的，对着镜是一个人，影子落在地上还是不成双，如那锦堆里的一根孤蕊。

青樱伸出手，握成一个虚空的圈，才知自己什么都把握不住。她的人生里，从未有过一日如今日这般惶惑无依，仿佛所有的底气，都一朝被抽尽了。

正惶惑间，外头突然吵闹了起来，似乎有人声喧哗，惊破了她孤独的自省。青樱蹙了蹙眉头，还未来得及出声询问，外头守着的阿箬已经推了门进来，惊惶道：“小主，苏格格像是疯了呢，满脸是泪跑到咱们这里来，一定要闹着见小主。天这么晚了……”

阿箬话音未落，却见苏绿筠已经跑了进来。她想是准备歇息了，只穿着家常的玉色薄绸长衫裙，外头罩着浅水绿银纹重莲罩纱，跑得鬓发散乱。这样夜寒露冷的秋夜里，她居然跑得满脸是汗，和着泪水一起混在脸上，全然失了往日的娴静温懦。

青樱乍然变了脸色，大惊失色道：“绿筠，这是在宫里，你是做什么?”

绿筠的脸全然失了血色，苍白如瓷，她仿佛只剩下了哭泣的力气，泪水如泉涌下。良久，她终于“扑通”跪下，倒在青樱身前，放声大哭，“姐姐，姐姐，你救救我!主子娘娘派人带走了永璋!我的永璋，我的三阿哥!他才几个月大，主子娘娘就派人带走了他!”

青樱当下明白，皇后在太后跟前言及自己所亲生二阿哥永琏已经在阿哥所抚养，那么身为小小一个格格所生的三阿哥，更没有留在生母身边养育的理由了。

绿筠哭得头发都散了，被汗水和泪水混合腻在玉白的脸颊上，仿若被横风疾扫过一般。她伏在地上，哀哭道：“姐姐，我求求你，帮我去求求主子娘娘，让她把永璋还给我，还给我!”

青樱忙伸手扶她，哪知绿筠力气这般大，拼命伏在地上磕头不已，“姐姐，我人微言轻，主子娘娘不会理我!可是你不一样，你是出身高贵的侧福晋，以前在潜邸的时候，主子娘娘也只还肯听你几句，你帮我求求她，好不好!”

以前，以前是多久的事了。那是彼此身份地位的约衡，而非真心。

青樱使个眼色，阿箬与惢心一边一个半是扶半是拽地扶了她起来坐定。她见绿筠哭得声嘶力竭，心下亦是酸楚，只得劝她，“永璋是主子娘娘派人带走的，但不是主子娘娘能带得走永璋的，是祖宗规矩要带走永璋!”她顿一顿，“这件事，太后是知道的。”

绿筠登时怔住，双肩瑟瑟颤抖，“哪怕是祖宗规矩，可是永璋还那么小……”

青樱按着她的肩头，柔声道：“永璋是还小。可是你要是在宫里生下的永璋，从他离开母腹的那一刻，他就被抱走了，顶多只许你看一眼。”她缓一缓声气，低声道，“何况主子娘娘禀告了太后，她亲生的二阿哥已经在阿哥所了，她也不敢违背家法。”

绿筠身子一晃几乎就要晕去，青樱忙扶住了她，在她虎口狠狠一掐。她本留着寸长的指甲，这一掐下去绿筠倒是醒了许多，只痴痴怔怔地流下泪来。阿箬赶紧喂了绿筠一口热茶，“小主别这样，真是要吓坏我们小主了!”

青樱按住了她，低柔道：“你这个样子，吓坏了我也就算了。可要吓着了宫里其他人，被她们那些嘴一个接一个地传出去，那成了什么了呢?你不要体面，三阿哥也是要的。”她扬一扬脸，示意惢心取过自己妆台上的玉梳来，一点一点替她篦了头发，挽起发髻，“咱们一进了宫里，就由不得自己了。从前我还是混混沌沌的，到了今日也算明白了。你比我还好些，还有个儿子。不比我，外头看着还不差，其实什么也没有了。你的永璋，养在阿哥所里，有八个嬷嬷精心照顾着，每到初一十五，她们就会把孩子抱来和你见上一个时辰，为的就是怕母子太过亲密，将来外戚干政。这件事，你是求谁都没用了，只能自己受着。”

青樱的手摸到绿筠的脸颊上，脂粉是湿腻的，泪水是灼人的滚烫。绿筠的泪落到手上，青樱才觉出自己双手的凉，竟是一丝温度也没有。这些话，她是劝绿筠的，也是劝自己。事到临头，若是求谁都没用，只有自己受着，咬着牙忍着。

她读过那么多的宫词，寂寞阑干，到了最后，只有这一点顿悟。

绿筠的眼泪啪嗒啪嗒落到衣襟上，转瞬不见。她满眼潸潸，悲泣伤心，“那么以后，难道以后，我就只能这样了。只要生一个孩子，这个孩子就得离开我，是吗?”

青樱为她正好发髻，取过一枚点蓝点翠的银饰珠花，恰到好处地衬出她一贯的柔顺与温和。青樱扬了扬脸，示意惢心绞了一把热帕子过来，重新替绿筠匀脸梳妆。她侧身坐下，轻轻道：“绿筠，不管你以后有多少个孩子。唯有这些孩子，你才能平步青云，在这宫里谋一个安定的位子。如果你真的伤心，你就记着一个人。康熙爷的德妃，先帝的生母孝恭仁皇后，她生先帝的时候，自己身份低微，只能将先帝交给当时的佟贵妃抚养。可是后来她诞育子女众多，最后所生的十四王爷便是留在了自己身边。如今你刚刚在宫里，大家也是一同入宫的，交给谁抚养也不合适，送进阿哥所是最好的。往后，往后你一切平安顺遂，你也能抚育自己的孩子。明白吗?”

绿筠怔怔地坐着，由着宫女们为她上好妆，勉强掩饰住哭得肿泡发红的双眼，泪汪汪道：“姐姐，那我该怎么办?”

青樱拿过绢子，替她拭了拭泪。“忍着。忍到自己有能力抚育自己的孩子。所以，现在你不能出错，不能出一点点错。”她拉着绿筠的手起身，“你现在打扮得整整齐齐的，去皇后宫里，向她谢恩，谢她让阿哥所替你照顾三阿哥。你刚才哭，刚才跑到我宫里，是因为你伤心过了度，一时昏了头。现在你明白过来了，这是恩典，你都受着了。”

绿筠咬着嘴唇，凄惶地摇头，“姐姐，我说不出来。我怕我一说，就会哭。”

青樱安慰似的抚着她单薄的肩，“别哭，想着你的将来，三阿哥的将来，你还有别的孩子。流泪，是为了他们;忍着不哭，也是为了他们。”

绿筠死死忍着泪，点了点头，向外走去。庭院内月光昏黄，树影烙在青砖地上稀薄凌乱，静谧中传来一阵阵枝丫触碰之声，那声音细而密，似无数细小的虫子在啃噬着什么东西似的，钻在耳膜里也是钻心的疼。青樱看着绿筠的影子拖曳在地上，单薄得好像小时候跟着嬷嬷们去看新奇的皮影戏，上头的纸片人们被吊着手脚欢天喜地地舞动，谁也不知道，一举一动，半点不由人罢了。

今时今日的她与绿筠，又有什么不一样呢?

这一夜，琅华本就睡得不深，暂居的偏殿不是睡惯了的安稳的旧床，耳边没有永琏熟悉的儿啼，她怎么也睡不安稳。地翻个身，陪夜睡在地下的侍女茹心便听见了，起来点上蜡烛，倒了盏安神汤递到琅华跟前，体贴道：“都三更了，娘娘怎么还睡不安?”

琅华本无睡意，便支着身子起来，“二阿哥不在身边，我心里总是不安稳。”

茹心塞了个鹅羽软枕在她腰间垫着，温言劝道：“娘娘安心。奴婢早去问过了，三位阿哥都在阿哥所，那些奴才们对咱们的二阿哥最尽心了，生怕有一点照顾不到。那些乳母奶水养得又好又足，轮流喂着二阿哥，嬷嬷们也伺候得精细，一点都不敢疏忽。”

琅华叹了口气，郁然道：“祖宗规矩在那儿，我不能常去看，你一定要替我尽心着。”

茹心忙道：“那是自然了。咱们二阿哥天尊地贵，其他阿哥连他脚趾上的泥都配不上，底下没有一个人敢不尽心尽力的。”她轻笑一声，“今儿三阿哥也被送离了苏格格身边，奴婢才叫高兴呢。凭什么娘娘守着祖宗家法，她偏母子俩一块儿，奴婢就是看不过去。”

琅华就着茹心的手慢慢啜饮着暗红色的安神汤，随口道：“罢了，她也可怜见儿的，明明伤心成那样了，还硬忍着到我跟前来谢恩。听说她哭着跑去乌拉那拉氏那儿了，她也不敢陪着，赶紧送了苏氏出来。”

茹心高兴道：“就得这样!青福晋能帮她，奴婢才不信。她自己都是泥菩萨过江自身难保了，今儿午膳的时候太后都给了她好大的没脸呢。”

琅华微微一笑，“本来乌拉那拉氏是太后为皇上求娶的侧福晋，又是先帝景仁宫皇后的侄女儿，我怎么也要让她三分。如今太后都给了这样的脸色，宫里的人就更有数了。”

茹心扬了扬唇角，甚是欢欣，“宫里除了太后，娘娘是唯一的主子娘娘。你要她们怎么着，她们就只能怎么着，就像那戏台上皮影似的，都得在您的手里。”

琅华抚着胸前一把散着的青丝，凝神片刻道：“是得都在我手里。所以茹心，你明儿就去阿哥所吩咐下去，一定要好好待三阿哥，比待我的永琏更好更精细。吃食由着吃不许约束，冷暖要注意着，一定要好好疼三阿哥，在襁褓里就尽着他玩尽着他乐。咱们皇家的孩子吃不得苦，好好宠着一辈子就是了。”

茹心虽不解其意，但听琅华这样郑重吩咐，忙答应了，取过她手中喝完的安神汤，重又垂下了珠罗帐。

你校正在进行“英语读书周”活动。该活动要求学生摘录名言佳句(quote)并相互交流。以下是某同学摘录的句子：“Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you”。请按下列要求用英语写一篇100-120个词的短文：

1. 针对摘录句中的观点谈谈你的看法;

2. 举例说明理由。

注意：短文的开头已给出(不计词数)。

满分作文2

In the English Reading Week, one of my classmates recommended a quote to us, which goes like this: “Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.”

在英语阅读周，我的一个同学推荐了一个报价给我们，这是这样的：“你的未来取决于许多事情，但主要是在你。”

As far as I’m concerned, I completely agree with the view. Of course, our future depends on many things such as our living environment, opportunities, luck, others’ help and etc. But it is we ourselves that determine our future. Our positive attitude, our determination, our confidence and our sense of discipline are the keys to our future.

就我而言，我完全同意这一观点。当然，我们的未来取决于我们的生活环境、机会、运气、别人的帮助等，但我们自己决定了我们的未来。我们积极的态度、决心、信心和纪律是我们未来的关键。

Madame Curie was a good example to us. In her times, women were not admitted to university in her motherland, Poland, so she was forced to leave her homeland and studied in France. She often said: we should believe every one of us can do something and above all we should believe in ourselves. It was her confidence that made her discover radium and later win the Nobel Prize. So I firmly hold the belief that our future is in our hands.

居里夫人是我们的好榜样。在她的时代，妇女在她的祖国，波兰不承认，所以她被迫离开她的祖国，在法国学习。她常说：“我们应该相信我们每个人都能做些什么，首先我们应该相信自己。是她的信心，使她发现镭，后来赢得了诺贝尔奖。所以我坚信我们的未来是在我们手中。