高中英语写作能力训练(汇编20篇)

Life is like a piano,what you get out of it,depends on how you play it.

No sweat, no sweet.

没有辛勤的劳动，哪有甜美的收获?

There is no end to knowledge.There is no end to perfect character.

读不尽者书，造诣不尽者人品。

Great works are performed not by strength, but by perseverance.

做大事，靠的是毅力而不是力量。

Cease to struggle and you cease to live.

停止奋斗，就等于放弃生活。

Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance

伟大的工作是源于坚持不懈，而不是一时的热情。

Congratulations on your graduation! Whishing you a future filled with success and joy of seeing your dreams come true.

祝贺您的毕业!希望您有一个成功的未来，感受到梦想成真的快乐。

Boys, be ambitious.

男孩，是雄心勃勃的

Man can survive, only when he has the substance, man can live only when he has ideal.

人依靠物质就能生存，但只有拥有理想时，才叫生活。

Goals determine what you are going to be.

目标取决于您的愿望。

Great hope makes great men.

伟大的愿望成就伟大的人。

An aim in life is the only fortune worth finding. Pursue your object, be it what it will, steadily and indefatigably.

Man who has a settled purpose will surely succeed.

目标专一的人肯定会成功。

Follow your own course, and let people talk.

走自己的路，让别人去说。

Life is a leaf of paper white, thereon each of us may write his word.

There is a limit to ones youth, but no limit to his wisdom. Draw on the limitless wisdom during the short span of youth.

Self-reverence, self-knowledge, self-control, these three alone lead life to sovereign power.

自我尊敬，自知之明，自我控制，这是生活的最高境界。

Character decided the fate ,and knowledge changes ours fate.

Directions:

Suppose you are a librarian in your university.Write a notice of about 100 words,providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Li Ming”instead.

Do not write the address.(10 points)

参考范文：

Notice

Welcome you to this university and this new-bulided library. I am a libraian in our university and will give you relevent information about the library.

To begin with, there is circulation desk in the circulation hall so that you can borrow and return books more quickly and conveniently. Besides, the hours of loan books is during 9:00-17:00 from Monday to Friday so that you can take best advantage of the library. Moreover, the computer room in the library is big enough for you to search for some academic information charged by the hour so you must ensure that some money is left in your ID card.

I hope you will find the above information useful and I would be ready to discuss the matter with you to further details. If you have any questions about the library, please call 123456or send messages to 123456@abc. Wish you a good time during your colledge life.

请注意

欢迎你来这所大学和这个new-bulided库。我是一个libraian在我们的大学会给你有关信息图书馆。

首先,在循环大厅有循环桌子,这样您就可以借并返回书更快更方便。此外,小时的贷款是在9:00-17:00从星期一到星期五,这样您就可以最好的利用图书馆。此外,在图书馆计算机房对你来说是足够大的去寻找一些学术信息按小时收取所以你必须确保一些钱留在你的身份证。

我希望你会发现上面的信息是有用的,我准备和你讨论此事进一步的细节。如果你有任何问题关于图书馆,请致电123456或123456 @abc发送消息。祝你一段美好的时光在你科莱奇的生活。

一、认真审题，确定时态人称，同时关注题材格式

时态：故事性文章一般用过去时，其中表达感受时可用现在时。

说明性或议论性文章一般用现在时，举例时可用过去时。

根据题目要求也会出现时态的交错使用，如过去和现在的对比等。

如果句中出现了时间状语，时态则要遵循时间状语。

如ago，last…——过去时

next，in…——将来时等

人称：注意在句子中人称的统一。

例如：Thanks to the teachers， we have improved our English。

其中we和our就是人称的统一。

格式：注意书信格式的开头和结尾。

二、找全信息点，紧扣主题，突出重点

切忌只看表格中或所列1、2、3中的信息点。一定把题读全，找齐信息点，建议用铅笔标出，写完后再涂掉。

根据题目，可适当增加合理内容。

特别注意文章要有开头和结尾。

三、成文时表述正确，文字流畅

切忌与汉语提示的一一对应，使用所学表达方法将语义表达出来即可。

首先考虑句子结构(如主谓宾，主系表等)。

同时注意短语的正确使用和单词的拼写，最好使用课本上学过的短语和句式。

四、文章结构清晰，重点句型出彩，可使文章在得分上提高一个档次

考虑文章的篇章结构，使用适当的连接短语，使文章结构紧凑。

常用连接词：

1.表文章结构顺序：First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second…

And then，Finally，In the end，At last

2.表并列补充关系的：What ismore，Besides，Moreover，Furthermore，Inaddition

3.表转折对比关系的：However，On the contrary，but

Although+clause( 从句)，In spite of+n/doing

On the one hand…

On the other hand…

Some…，while others…

4.表因果关系的：Because，As

So，Thus，Therefore，As a result

5.表换一种方式表达：In other words

6.表进行举例说明：For example，句子;For instance，句子;such as+n/doing

7.表陈述事实：In fact

8.表达自己观点：As far as I know，In my opinion

9.表总结：In short，In a word，In conclusion，In summary

文中正确使用两三个好的句型，如：宾语从句、状语从句、动名词做主语等。

宾语从句举例：I believe Tianjin will be more beautifulandprosperous。

状语从句举例：If everyone does something for the environment， ourhometown will become clean and beautiful。

动名词做主语举例：Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes。

It’s bad for our eyes to read books in the sun。

常用状语从句句型：

1)时间when，not…until，as soon as

2)目的so that+clause;to do( 为了)

3)结果so…that+clause，too…to do(太……以至于……)

4)条件if，unless(除非)，as long as(只要)

5)让步though，although，even though，even if

no matter what/when/where/who/which/how

6)比较as…as…，not so…as…，than

五、认真检查，检查信息点是否全面，时态、人称是否一致，句子结构是否清晰，短语使用、单词拼写是否准确等。

检查后，将草稿誊写在纸上，请注意按结构分段，书写清晰。

下面列举一些在检查中可发现的错误：

1.We live more and more comfortable。

改正：comfortably(副词修饰动词)

2.we can get many informations by reading newspapers。

改正：much information

(不可数名词由much修饰)

3.There has many programs in TV。

改正：There are many programs on TV。

(There be句型和介词短语)

4.I think ride a bike can keep our health。

改正：I think riding a bike can keep us healthy。(动名词作主语)

建议大家练习或模仿不同题材的文章，特别注意改错总结和吸取范文中好的结构与表达方法，适当运用于自己的文章中。

一、开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned

2.It goes without saying that...

3.It can be said with certainty that...

4.As the proverb says，

5.It has to be noticed that...

6.It`s generally recognized that...

7.It`s likely that ...

8.It`s hardly that...

9.It’s hardly too much to say that...

10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

11.There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that...

13.what’s far more important is that...

二、衔接句型

A case in point is ...

As is often the case...

As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述

But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

But it’s a pity that...

For all that...In spite of the fact that...

Further, we hold opinion that...

However , the difficulty lies in...

Similarly, we should pay attention to...

not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势

As has been mentioned above...

In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说

However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …

三、结尾句型

I will conclude by saying...

Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...

All things considered,总而言之

It may be safely said that...

Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….

The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….

It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好

四、举例句型

Let’s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明

let’s take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.

Here is one more example.

Take … for example.

The same is true of….

This offers a typical instance of….

We may quote a common example of….

Just think of….

五、常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.

2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.

3. I believe the title statement is valid because….

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …. I believe….

5. My argument for this view goes as follows.

6. Along with the development of…, more and more….

7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….

8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….

9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.

10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.

六、表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.

2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.

3. A and B differ in….

4. A differs from B in….

5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….

6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….

7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….

8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….

9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.

10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….

11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….

七、演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.

2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.

3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.

5. The reasons are as follows.

八、因果推理法常用句型

1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.

2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.

3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learned a lot.

4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot.

5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.

6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.

7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.

8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.

导语：《茶花女》故事讲述了一个青年人与巴黎上流社会一位交际花曲折凄婉的爱情故事。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

I read the Chinese version of “Camille” a few years ago. At that time I was deeply moved by the main character Marguerite Gautier. “Camille” or “The Lady of the Camellias” by Alexandre Dumas, fils, is the story of Marguerite Gautier, a young courtesan, or kept woman, in Paris in the mid 1800s, and how she falls in love with a young man, Armand Duval, and then tries to escape from her questionable past. Unfortunately, it comes back to haunt her and she ends up returning to that life and dies painfully and alone, but with the knowledge that she was a noble woman at heart. When I first began to read the book, I did not care for Marguerite or her attitude or lifestyle, but as I got further into the narrative, I realized that her saucy attitude was a front to cover the lonely woman that she really was. She felt used, abused and unloved, until the gentle Armand Duval came into her life and showed her that he loved her as a person and not for what she could do for him. It must have taken great courage for Marguerite to leave the life she had lived for so long, knowing all along that it was probably too good to be true and would not last indefinitely. And it also showed that Marguerite really loved Armand Duval for she could even change herself for him.

However, happiness didn’t last for long. When M. Duval, Armands father, came to her, pleading for her to leave Armand to save both Armands reputation and that of his younger innocent sister, Marguerite saw a way to become pure of heart, if not in body. She felt that it was her duty, because she loved Armand so much, to do this even though it meant giving up her own happiness and hurting Armand temporarily. She reluctantly returned to her former life, knowing that some day Armand would forgive her. Sadly, she died in debt and basically alone, except for her one female friend, Julie Duprat, who helped her during her illness. She had her journal sent to Armand after her death, explaining why she had made the choices she had. I think Dumass last few lines about Marguerite being the exception, not the rule were quite true, and I also agreed with his view that while her lifestyle could not be condoned, we as a society assume that all of these type of women are cold and heartless, while this may not always be the case. A person can make the wrong choices in life when they are young, and try to redeem themselves, but sometimes past situations prevent them from changing their lives, even though they desperately wish to do so. This applies to both men and women in many different types of circumstances: involvement in crime; drug or alcohol abuse; gambling; prostitution; financial problems; poor marriage choices; etc. And this is the fact, which exists in the whole society.

As far as the other characters in the book, I think Marguerite was right in saying that no one truly cared about her, but only wanted something from her, the only exceptions being Armand and Julie Duprat. Of course, the Comte de G. and Comte de N. wanted her body and appearance. The Duke needed to “wake up and smell the coffee” and realize that she could never replace his dead daughter. If he truly cared, he could have helped her leave her lifestyle without “keeping” her himself. And lastly, Prudence was a blood-sucking leech who used Marguerite almost worse than the men. I also think she was jealous of the fact that Marguerite had so much more courage than herself and someone truly loved her.

Last morning, when tiding my bookshelf, I took this book out of the shelf, and a dried flower flew away from the book. It was pale blue, very transparent, with thin fine veins. a dried flower flew away from the book. It was pale blue, very transparent, with thin fine veins. I held it against the morning light and blew on it. The soft breeze carried it away. Camille is just like the camellia, she could never escape from the destiny of withering. But it wasn’t her fault; it’s because of the evil of Capitalism and the hideousness of that society.

Suddenly, I remembered a saying: “Women are like the flowers”. Those pretty women are like those beautiful flowers; their delicate beauty makes people feel they are the miracle of life. However, even the God envies their beauty. It seems that beautiful women always have tragic endings. As we are normal persons, even we can see the hideousness of humanity that results in their fate of withering, we can at most ask quietly in our hearts: Where have those beautiful flowers gone? Where have they gone?

What is your favorite kind of music? Do you like jazz, popular music,

classical music, folk songs, blues, and so on? In high school I took one course

called music appreciation which I greatly enjoyed. This was not to learn how to

play a specific instrument but to learn how to read and listen to music as an

art form. We read the stories about the lives of many composers and the history

of the musical instruments themselves. Sometimes we listened to tapes at the

language laboratory, or concerts. Music is sometimes called a universal

language. A composer who cannot speak a single word of our language can make us

feel joy and pride, exaltation and despair, peace and mystery through his

music.

英语写作是中考学生的一个盲点，缺乏对英语写作的专门训练和反思，老师的工作量大，造成作文讲评大多数时候只谈现象，因此学生学得也不具体、不深入，忽略写作技能的提高，甚至误认为只要句子结构正确，无单词拼写错误就应该得满分。同学们应该走出对英语写作认识上的误区。那么怎样才能写出一篇优秀作文，而在中考中获取高分呢?下面是YJBYS网作文频道为大家整理的英语写作指导。

一、写作决窍

总体把握，要点齐全;人称时态，逻辑清楚;

关键词汇，动词第一;组词成句，结构完整;

组句成文，连词增色;此路不通，绕道迂回;

字迹工整，留好印象;从句适量，高分有望。

二、写作步骤

1.认真审题。审题包括要点、格式、词数以及此篇文章要传递给读者什么样的信息，告诫读者什么(即写作目的)。

2.确定文体和时态。确定文体后，根据不同文体的特点和要求进行组织材料;同时确定出该篇文章的总时态与时态的变化。

3.写完要点，但不随意发挥。

4.先草稿，后抄写。

三、习作点评

[2004年全国中学生英语能力竞赛初赛初三组] (14分)

Choose one of your hobbies and write an article for the school magazine about it. Tell the magazine readers.

·What exactly your hobby is;

·When and how you became interested in this hobby;

·Why you enjoy your hobby;

·About your hopes and plans for the future.

写作要求：

1.根据所提供的内容，适当拓展想象空间，灵活地将提供的信息体现在文章中。

2.条理清楚，语句通顺，书写清晰、规范。

3.词数60-80.

[高分突破]

①文体：记叙文。

②要点：what → when →how → why → hope and plan for the future.

③时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时的自然变化。

内容具有开放性，但它也是“控制性”的写作试题，因此不能随意发挥，要善于抓信息，写完要点。选用这两篇学生真实习作，一是因为他们选材相同，二是因为他们都是英语成绩优秀的同学。同学B灵活使用连词so…that，so，little by little，when，so that等，恰到好处地使用新句型和短语used to，became interested in，come true……等，使内容丰富，读起来优美流畅。其实这些表达同学A也会，只是缺乏技术加工。通过这两篇作文点评，同学们便能悟出其中的奥妙。

四、培养途径

1.根据老师布置的写作内容，独立完成一篇写作。

2.与同伴合作，交流自己的写作，通过交流找出各自作文中写得好的地方和优美的句子，合作创造一篇新的文章，供大家欣赏。

3.找老师点评，请求老师指点，尤其是怎样润色。

4.自己纠错，写下反思。

五、备考演练

A

缙云山是重庆著名的游览胜地，每天有大量的游客。请你根据下面提供的信息写一篇报道，说明现在的游客在环境保护方面的变化。

写作要求：

1.词数在100左右。

2.条理清楚，语句通顺。

3.开头已写好，但不计入总词数。

Jinyun Mountain is a famous place of interest …

B

阅读电视广告词：“If we don’t save water，the last drop of water will be a tear-drop.”根据提示，写一篇60-80词的短文。

提示：

1.生活离不开水。

2.可饮用水在减少。

3.水污染严重。

4.应保护水源，再利用水。

思路点拨与参考答案

A. [思路点拨]：

①文体：记叙文。

②时态：一般过去时态，一般现在时态。采用正反对比的写作手法，增加感染力。

③写作目的：告诉读者保护环境的重要性。

Jinyun Mountain is a famous place of interest.Every day a lot of tourists come here to enjoy its beauty. But a few years ago，some of them paid no attention to protecting the environment.They threw their rubbish，such as plastic bags，fruit skins and waste paper on the ground.Sometimes they broke trees，picked flowers and killed birds. Some even made fires in the woods to cook food.How dangerous it was.Luckily，great changes have taken place here.Tourists are used to putting their rubbish into dustbins，and they are doing their best to protect the birds and plants as well.They bring their own meals instead of cooking to prevent starting a forest fire in the mountains.All these changes make us very happy.

B. [思路点拨]：

①夹叙夹议(说明现状，谈谈感想)。

②时态：一般现在时态。

③广告词的含义——水很重要，应保护和再利用(写作意图)。

Water is very important to humans.We can’t live without water.The water we can drink is falling.But some people don’t seem to care about it.They waste a lot of water.They pour dirty water into rivers and lakes.Water pollution is getting more and more serious.So we must do something to stop the pollution.We not only protect the water but also find ways to reuse it.If we don’t do this，the last drop of water will be a tear-drop.

High school life is so wonderful for me, and I have made many good friends.

We fight for our future together. As there are so many subjects for me to learn,

I spend most of the time studying knowledge. But deep in my heart, I like sports

so much, especially tennis. When I knew our school had tennis club. I felt so

excited and wanted to be part of it. But the problem was that what if I lagged

behind other students in study as I spent the time on this hobby. At last, I

still decided to join tennis club, because I wanted to do something special and

enriched my high school life. I tried hard to make plans for my study. At the

same time, I spared some time to play tennis. I found the balance and enjoyed

the thing l liked.

In the past few decades, our Earth has changed a lot, but to the bad

direction. Among these changes, the air pollutions resulting from a huge number

of automobiles and coal-burning is almost the severest. The severe air pollution

alarms humans of the heavy load we have exerted on Earth by our insatiable

production and usage of automobiles. However, with the deepening of

urbanization, more cars are needed, which will make the air pollution worse.

Therefore, the following actions should be taken. First, we should apply the

most cutting-edge technologies in order to adopt new forms of energy as

substitutes for fossil fuels. Second, try hard to develop possible

transportation means, which are enviromental friendly. So that the citizens can

reduce the dependence on cars. In short, our humans should take responsibilities

for the air pollution and have to find ways to solve this problem.

示例：

Dear ____,

I am truly sorry that_______(道歉的原因).

The reason is that ______(介绍原因) Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

范文：

Travel is a very good means of broadening a persons perspective. It makes you come into contact with different cultures， meet people of different colors and go through peculiar rites and ceremonies. Travelling much， you will not only enrich your knowledge and experiences， but also be aware of the vastness of nature.

Travel may also relieve person of boredom and gloom. Travel brings you enjoyment and attraction. It gives you a pleasant experience， which will disperse your boredom and make you forget whatever annoys you. Travel broadens your mind and leaves you good memories. Later， you may go over these memories and enjoy your past experiences， thus keeping a fresh and sunny mind.

整理:

The fields his study， nature was his book.

Travelers can choose different modes of transportation which have advantages and disadvantages. Airplanes are the fastest but also the most expensive. Buses and trains are less expensive， but they soon make you feel cramped and uncomfortable. Ships provide you with comfort unless you get seasick. Most people can afford traveling by bicycle， which， although slow， can limber up your muscles and get you closer to nature.

This weekend, there was an art festival in our school, it had been hold for five years and the school insisted to make it become the feature. I was so excited, this was the first time for me to join. Early in the morning, I saw there were so many people coming to the campus, making the campus so lively. The students dressed so well and gave the warm welcome to the guests. I walked around and appreciated the painting, every work was drawn by the students, I was so impressed by these works. There were also some handworks, which were so creative, it reflected the students wisdom. Though we were busy with our subjects most of the time, some students still kept on their hobbies and made it their talent. I should learn from them and develop some interest.

小学阶段不同年级的作文有不同要求和写作技巧小学英语写作指导小学英语写作指导。

对于小学3年级的学生，在他们已经掌握好了如颜色(colour)、衣服(clothes)、数字(number)、星期(day of the week)、月份(month)、宠物(pet)、情感(feeling)、身体部位(body)、文具(school things)的基础上进行文章的填空，如果学生能够按照文章的要求写进相关的信息，那就已经很不错了。下面是一个自我介绍的简单例子：

Myself

Hello，my name is_____. I am_____years old.My favourite colour is_____，_____， and_____.My favourite pet is______，_____ and______. My favourite food is_____，______and______.My favourite day is______. My favourite school thing is______and______.My favourite number is and______.I am______today.

上面的这个例子，如果学生能够依次能吧自己的姓名、年龄、喜欢的颜色、喜欢的宠物、喜欢的食物、喜欢的日子、喜欢的文具、喜欢的数字和今天的心情准确无误地写出来，那么就已经能够完成了3年级阶段的作文要求。

对于4年级的学生，可以写一篇介绍自己课室或者自己卧室的文章。下面是一篇4年级学生的介绍课室范文。

My classroom

I am studying at Tongji primary school.I am in Class Two, Grade Four. (介绍自己所在的学校和所在的年级) There is a blackboard in front of the classroom. There are twenty-five desks in our classroom, they are brown. There are many books on the desk. There are fifty students, thirty boys and twenty girls. There is a picture on the wall. There are two fans on the wall. (用there+be句型把班里和摆设和班上的人数都表达出来了) It is tidy and clean.I like my classroom very much.(最后是作者的总结)

对于5年级的学生，作文的要求也提高了很多，很多学生在介绍别人或者是写自己喜欢的小动物的时候很容易忘了第三人称单数动词要加ses，如：He get up at 7 o’clock(get忘了加s)，在用到现在进行的时候动词很容易忘了加ing(如I am play the piano，play就忘记了加ing)，介词和介词短语也占了很重要的位置如介词in，on，at，of。介词短语如dream of(区分dream that)和be afraid of都是很重要的介词短语，很多学生忘记了介词后面要加动词小学英语写作指导少儿基础英语。

对于6年级的学生，作文考查的是英语的综合应用能力，而且出的题目大部分都是看图作文，这就在一定程度上增加了写作的难度，它也是综合了3年级的分类词汇，4年级的句型，方位介词，5年级的重点介词短语和时态，不过我相信只要平时多点积累单词和句型、多点动笔、多注意语法上的问题、多看作文书，那么就能写出流畅、有深度的文章。

下面是由语文迷网小编精心为大家整理的英语写作高分技巧，供大家阅读参考。

一、要善于模仿

一些同学的办法往往是背一堆范文，然后再到考场上进行一个“剪切”、“粘贴”的工作，真正的模仿重点永远要放在一定的句式结构上，而非个别的词汇。有一个句式说：“…for the simple reason that…”表示某种现象的原因是什么，用在高考(课程)写作中，我们就可以拿来解释为什么自行车在中国如此的流行：“The bicycle is very popular in China for the simple reason that…”。然而，很多同学一谈到原因仍然是“…because…”。如果要表示“总是能够”的概念，很多同学提笔就会写can always，但理想的句子应该是用双重否定表示强烈的肯定，用never fail to。

二、要灵活变通

在批改过上万份同学们英语(课程)作文中，经常能发现一些将中文生硬地翻译成英文的表达法。有一句话叫做“立志如山，行道如水”，写英文作文，一定要有决心把它写好，有信心把意思表达清楚，这是“立志如山”;但关键是遇到问题时要有个灵活的态度，能像流水一样变通解决问题。有个翻译界的故事说：在某大型国际会议的招待会上，一道菜是用鸡蛋做的。与会的客人问翻译：“What is it made of”本来是非常简单的一个问题，结果翻译太紧张，忘了“egg”这个词，但是他急中生智，回答：“It is made of Miss Hen’s son.”这里，就是一个灵活变通的范例。绕道表达，是写作中应该常常运用的一种方法。

三、要细心观察

注意英语中一些表达上的习惯。比如在正式文体的写作中，很少用 “it isn’t”这样的略缩形式，而往往是一板一眼地写作 “it is not”。同理，在正式文体中的日期一般不缩写，阿拉伯数字一般会用英文表达(特别长的数字除外)。

许多同学在写作文时，习惯于把 “since” “because” “for”这样的词放在句首引导原因状语从句。事实上，在我们见到的英语报刊杂志文章中，这样的从句一般都是放在主句之后的。另外, “and”也常常被误放在一句话的开头，表示两个句子之间的并列或递进关系。其实，经常留心地道的英语文章能发现，如果是并列关系，完全可以不用连词;如果是递进关系，用 “furthermore” “what is more”更为普遍。

四、要心有全局

英文写作如果结构意识良好，应试写作就简化成为一个填空的过程了，适当地填入观点、素材，文章就自然而然立起来了。

There is an old saying that no one is perfect, so everyone will make

mistake sometimes, though we want to do best. When we make mistake, we must say

sorry to others, for the purpose of showing our regret, so that they will

forgive us and continue to keep in touch with us. Some people think apologize

will lose their faces, so they choose not to say sorry.

A wise person will make

apologize in a natural way and let the past be past, the good way to apologize

can help people feel easy. People can find the chance to apologize when they are

having communication, they can make the topic about apologize and then saying

that he is sorry about what he have done, so everything will seem easy.

Apologizing will promote people’s communication and keep their friendship. So

don’t feel losing face, just admit what you have done wrong.

文化作文芳香灿烂，美不胜收，那么文化作文在句子、段落和篇章组合上有哪些规律?它们鲜活的美丽是如何产生的?这些美丽的彩虹在层次上有无高下之别?我们在写作中该怎样遵循和利用这些规律来创写美的句子?

让我们来感悟文化作文吧，从感悟中寻找这些问题的答案。

第一节：底蕴成句

【温馨点拨】：底蕴成句是把含有文化底蕴的内容表达成句。底蕴成句有三种情况：一是将某一句诗或文句直接引用或化用，使之成为一个句子。它是底蕴写作的基础。作文的题目、题记、小标题、正文都可以直接引用和化用古诗文，丰富作文内涵，增加作文文采。

二是将历史人物或文学人物广为人知的事迹或细节用简洁的语言排列出来，引起人们情感上的共鸣和理性的认同。

先讲第一种情况，引用古诗文。分为三个层次：

第一个层次是直接引用。如：我喜欢“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”的诗句。这种直白让人感觉幼稚。

第二个层次是名句后面有一定阐述。表达式为：名言+意境。如：①“生命就是 ‘感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心’的无奈与感伤。”②“生命就是‘衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴’的不懈追求。”

该层次重点在于名言的意境、思想、风格等的解说。意境的理解多数遵循传统的认知，但个人的感悟只要在合理的范围，往往更能出新意。

有时表达为：名言+名德。如：生命就是 “人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”的浩然正气。该层次重点在于把握表现人物品质的名言和名言所表现的优秀名德。

有时表达为：名言+其它。如：①幸福是“常记溪亭日暮，沉醉不知归路”的回忆。②我憧憬归隐于 “层上春鸠(jiū)鸣，村边杏花白”的田园。引用的需要是多层次的，名言后面表述的内容有时是无法确定的，根据文章需要和作者悟性，变化无穷。

因此本层次的准确表达式为：名言+解说(或阐述)。

第三个层次是将诗句割裂，分开引用，或截取两句诗的部分组合在一句里。如：①我喜欢“千树万树梨花开”的“胡天八月”。②寂寞是“云母屏风烛影深，长河渐落晓星辰”的“碧海青天夜夜心”。③我喜欢“灯如昼”的元夜“花市”。④我喜欢“暗香盈袖”的“黄昏”。前二句是剪裁两句古诗组合成一句，后二句是一句古诗割裂后组合成一句。这一层次已经是比较灵活地运用了。

第四个层次是化用古诗文名句。如：①“美就是那直上青天的一行白鹭。”②“美就是那鹦鹉洲头随风拂动的萋萋芳草。”③“美就是那化作春泥更护花的点点落红”。感觉古诗里的动植物带着古典的美，又复活在大自然中，装点今天的生活。

第二种情况，用著名历史或文学人物的事迹或细节组句。表达为：名人+名事。分为两个层次：第一个层次是直接叙写。如：“项羽兵败乌江，令英雄扼腕。”“屈原汨(mì)罗投江，让忠臣垂泪。”

第二个层次是诗意地展示。如：①“命运是项羽英雄末路自刎乌江时的那一声仰天长啸。”②“命运是屈原留在汨罗江畔的那一串串沉痛的叩问。”语言的弹性浓缩和锤炼了诗的形象，那声“仰天长啸”和“沉痛的叩问”穿过历史的隧道，压迫读者的心灵，思索命运的真谛。

第三种情况，历史人物与相关诗句的组合。分为两个层次：第一个层次是直接引用，表达为：名人+名言+意境(或名德或其它)。如：①美就是龚自珍“落红不是无情物，化着春泥更护花”的献身精神。②美就是苏东坡“谁道人生无再少，门前流水尚能西”的超脱与豁达。③美就是王维“明月松间照，清泉石上流”的清幽与恬淡。前两句是名人名言名德，后一句是名人名言意境。

第二个层次是化用。表达为：名人+名言化用。如：①“李白的云帆点缀了沧浪之水”。②“辛弃疾的醉眼迷离了刀光剑影”。③“陆游的梦乡回荡着铁骑铮铮”。④“苏轼的华发张扬了少年意气” 。⑤“思念使女诗人瘦比黄花”。⑥“思念使豪放派鼻祖幽梦还乡相顾无言垂泪千行”。⑦“思念使婉约派泰斗酒醒晓风残月杨柳岸”。化用给人的审美刺激是多重而深刻的。它把古诗还原成生活的同时又提升和诗化了生活。

1、成段

底蕴成段，形式上有三种。

【第一种情况】：表达式，N个名句(或N个名人名事)…+意境(或其它)。

陶渊明“问君何能尔，心远地自偏”折射出冷静的人生选择;范仲淹(yān)“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”道出政治家的深重责任感;杜甫(fǔ)“安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜，风雨不动安如山!”已经挣脱并超越了自己的苦难，显露出普度众生的情怀;毛泽东“问苍茫大地，谁主沉浮?”更是一代伟人对饱经沧桑的神州大地的历史性洪钟巨响……

【第二种情况】：表达式，名人+名言名事…+议论。

分为六种情况：一、表达式，N个名句+议论。

抽刀断水，是最无奈的神话;举杯消愁，是最动情的悲歌。感动于“不知近水花先发，疑是经冬雪未消”的玄妙，陶醉于“一川烟草，满城风絮，梅子黄时雨”的飘愁，沉浸于“细看来，不是杨花，点点是离人泪”的哀怨，顿然领悟：用旁观的眼神，是于心进行深刻对话后偶得的一种风骨，一种锤炼后的进发与升华!

二、表达式，N个名人+N 个名句+议论(或议论在前)。

②恰如其分的语言表达，利于友情的沟通。高适的“莫愁前路无知己，天下谁人不识君”与王勃的“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”，都用优美的语言送走了友人，达到了友情的沟通。李白《蜀道难》一文中劝说友人归来的语言精辟，达到了友情的沟通。从李白的“上有六龙回日之高标，下有冲波逆折之回川”可知“蜀道之难，难于上青天”，友人便从言语中感受到友人的关怀，沟通也便到了心坎。沟通并不像白居易说的“此时无声胜有声”，它需要语言为它传达彼此的关切。友情的沟通，需要语言的钥匙。

三：表达式，N个名人+N个名事+议论。

当屈原抱着石头与江水相拥，当霸王自刎时的鲜血染红了整片夕阳，当普罗米修斯裸着身体被巨鹰啄(zhuó)食，当拉奥孔扭曲着身体仍想保卫自己的儿子，历史在悲风中发出阵阵哀鸣，但他们生命的结尾却那么响亮有力，数千年来仍叩击着人们的心灵，播放出永不低沉的生命绝唱。

四：表达式，N个名人+N个名言名事+议论.

④ 古往今来，因感情亲疏而导致错误事物认知的事例不胜枚举。李牧一心为国,“大破林胡，开地千里，遁逃匈奴”，可谓战功赫赫，却因赵王的不信任而惨遭杀害，最终葬送了赵国大好江山。诸葛亮“三顾频频天下计，两朝开济老臣心”，却因对马谡过分信任而误下军令，失去街亭，从而导致“出师未捷身先死,长使英雄泪满襟”的惨淡结局。李白才气超人，“清新庚开府，俊逸鲍参军”，却因唐玄宗的疏远而一生漂泊，壮志难酬 ……可以说，历史上许多悲剧的诞生都是由感情亲疏引起的。

五：表达式，1个名人+N个名句名事(或化用)+议论。

② 经历了少年的意气风发、锋芒毕现与青年时的思考，人，终于要真正成熟起来了。他不再像年少时那样刺目得不可接近;他开始散射出圆润柔和的清辉。他渐臻圆满。黄州的苏东坡不再是那个傲世的才子，或高高在上的官员，他回归成了“寂寞东坡一病翁”，他只是一个淳朴真挚的文人。他在赤壁怀古，在林间穿行;他不再计较仕途上的得失，他的眼界已经由平面的当下扩展到立体的古今。他的内核充实了。他敢于吟出“竹杖芒鞋轻胜马，谁怕?一蓑烟雨任平生”，他坦然地在山路上行走。他的前后《赤壁赋》，成为中华文化中不朽的篇章，被一代代地传诵。这便是真正的成熟。不是抵抗，不是愤怒，不是针锋相对，而是如山间的朗月，圆满无缺，向世间洒下清朗的光芒，却自生自落，不因外物而随波逐流，这就是人生的大境界。

六：表达式，1个名人+N个名句名事(或化用)+N段+议论。

是拣尽寒枝终不肯栖的寒鸦么?是举杯邀明月的饮者么?是穿越了十年生死痛苦一场的痴汉么?

在那个“群星荟萃”的时代，人们对你的期望本是韬光养晦，游戏笔墨罢了，而你偏偏要独上高楼，你的光芒刺痛了那些习惯于黑夜的眼睛，你注定要承受官场和文坛一齐泼来的污水。

而我只看见你青青的竹枝，脚上的芒鞋，被雨淋湿的脊背，你的笑容从容洒脱，你的眼中只有秋风绿水泛清波。

你坚守着自我，从而达到让后世永远仰望的高度。 (苏东坡)

【温馨信息】：

一个意识：美段意识。

前两种情况，是一种理论上的解剖。你只要抓住名人名言名事组合再与议论相结合就行，让议论对组合的的内容进行概括提炼，并与文章主题挂钩，这样使纵横散乱的诗句、人物、故事挂在主题的红线上，共同为表现中心服务。

这样的段落，已经是文章的重要片段。

有底蕴，有文采，有厚度，更有深度。

仿佛广阔的文化天幕上，露出一丝丝诗句和名人名事的曙光，随着文字的铺展，一轮鲜亮的红日主题，喷薄而出，美的红潮漫过原野，瞬间点燃读者的共鸣。

这样的情景，让我们体会底蕴文章的魅力和阅读的快感。

美段阅读，我们要经常这样感悟;美段教学，我们要经常这样实践。很多时候，一篇优秀文章照亮我们眼睛的只有一句，能够留下一段让我们品读的文章已经很不错。

我们把语言和思想的纯金片段收集起来，细细抚摸、咀嚼(jǔ jiáo)，让思想与思想碰撞，让光芒与光芒聚集，让智慧的火光照彻未开启的灵感之门，让一个个古典的汉字满载我们思想和想象的的花瓣，漫天飞舞在文学的天宇，让浪漫的意境和深邃的智慧丰满我们的精神，陶治我们的情操。

这样的阅读最有效，最便捷，最聪慧。

特别是写作前，看看这些燃烧着才情的段落，灵感会很快点燃，文思会很快喷涌。

这就是作文教学技巧，也是作文应试技巧。

同学们略作尝试，就会感觉美段阅读妙用无穷。

背三篇文章进考场，这就是其中一个重要原因：点燃文采!!!

【第三种情况】：运用想象和联想，艺术地再现历史人物当年的情景或化用诗词意境成段。

“哐当、哐当……”听见那清脆的打铁声了吗?清风拂面、强健的肌肉散发出生命的气息，熊熊的烈火陶冶着高尚的情操，稽康，这个时代的英雄，一代才子，就在这儿过着铁匠的生活。(再现了历史人物：稽康的隐居生活)

这时候，那弯浅浅的月跌进了洒对面的山坳。一只乌鸦凄凉的鸣叫越过夜空，溅落了满天的寒意。薄薄白白的霜就铺满了船舷。一位诗人独立船头，他长长的胡须已被秋天染白。

岸边一丛红红的枫叶，被船上的渔火隐隐地映出，在微风中悄悄摇曳，像一团跳动的火焰。好深好深的秋啊!诗人斜倚船舷，一些淡淡的往事，如手中那杯苦涩的浓茶，袭上心头，久久不能平静。

而夜色中的寒山寺，静静地立于繁华的苏州城外，送走了多少个春秋，目睹了多少离愁和别恨?只有那株与它一样苍老古槐，知道这数不清的故事了。

突然，一阵清晰的钟声穿过寂静，惊飞了船篷上的一只小鸟，它扑拍着翅膀，飞进了浓浓的夜色。它会找到黑暗中的家吗?诗人看到又一艘客船，停在了枫桥。

隐约中，一些人上船，一些人下去。还有一些手，一些泪，在眼中晃动。(化用《枫桥夜泊》意境)

已经是深夜了，司马迁通过天牢的小窗，望着那漆黑的夜。幽蓝的天幕上，不见星也不见月，几处乌云低低地沉着，带着令人窒息的压力。暮秋的风裹着寒气，钻进每个角落，包括司马迁那件破旧的长衫。

司马迁拖动着脚镣，走回几块砖堆成的床。金属的撞击声在死一般静的夜里，带着几分鬼魅。床上那盏昏黄的油灯跳动着火焰，拖下长长的抖动的影子，似乎加重了黑暗。然而挂着的一纸官文仍然可见，金色的字，朱红的印，一切都那么清晰。

是的，这就是司马迁的命运。日出之前，他必须做出选择。是死，用一腔热血去控诉昏君的无道，用高贵的头颅去证明自己的清白?还是活着———当然是有条件的活着，从此他将成为不完全的男子。(再现了历史人物：司马迁的狱中情景)

【温馨点拨】：

透点历史的光芒

历史的涛声已经远去了红襟翠袖、鼓角争鸣。透过氤氲烟雾，历史的山月城郭、名士豪言已经模糊在时间的的尘埃之中。

如果那些沉睡在岁月怀抱中的古装美人，忧愁思妇，或是山村一角，公堂一景突然在语言的描述中活动起来;如果淹没的故事，风干的眼泪或是唐时风雨，宋朝梧桐突然鲜活地淅沥起来;如果长昇殿的誓言，李白的问月或是岳飞的长啸，项羽的悲叹突然在熟悉的空气中回响起来……

这是怎样动人的惊喜!

古典的美丽从文字的丛林中探出头来。

原来我们发现：文字是一架穿透时空的远望镜，让我们看见了历史的动人的光芒。

而诗歌呢?诗歌是古人用文字摄下的一张没有冲洗的照片。

所以我们只能在底片的朦胧中感受诗歌的轮廓和意境。

那些香花美草，夕阳飞燕，流水楼阁，红颜倩影，细雨梧桐，皓月疏梅……在含蓄简炼的诗歌规则中，犹抱琵琶，半遮娇面，留下一个迷人的背影，痛苦我们的神经。

突然一天，底片冲洗出来，那个令人痛苦的背影缓缓转过身来，冰雪般古典的笑意洋溢着温馨的启示……

一种大喜过望的惊奇，一种不知所措的兴奋让我们疯狂。

想想有多少古典的“照片”等待我们去冲洗?

有多少历史的“美丽”需要我们去透视?

所以做好那架文字的远望镜，看真实的历史风景;掌握好“冲洗”诗歌的技巧，清晰想象中的美丽，是我们赶快做的工作。这是文化作文最重要的写作技巧。

Dear Tim,

With Spring Festival drawing near, I’d like to invite you to my home to experience the festival.

When you come, we can enjoy traditional Chinese food together, and then put up Spring Festival couplets. As a traditional custom, the couplets are always posted on the door of a house. Written on red paper, a couplet is composed of two lines of poetry, which rhyme with each other. Not only do the couplets add some joyous atmosphere to the festival, but also they express people’s wishes for a better life.

I would appreciate it if you could accept my invitation. Looking forward to your coming.

Yours,

Li Hua

In ancient time moral education and intellectual education were in same process. With the development of society the position of moral education and intellectual education changed and the moral education split up into directive moral education and indirective moral education. This change brought about conflict between the two forms and make any form not fully play its role. The methods to overcome it are carry out comprehensive moral education make the two forms of moral education as an organic whole. To realize it can adopt subject curriculum activity curriculum and hiden curriculum make them infiltrate one another and complete the task of fostering together.

Twenty-three lectures on popular science have been held to promote the education of modern science and technology. Students whose enthusiasm for creativity and innovation has been greatly spurred handed in more than 500 pieces science projects.

To strengthen the organic combination of the school family and social education the district established a family education guidance centre juvenile psychological guidance centres in 32 primary and middle schools and has trained 460 teachers to upgrade their methods for moral education.

Furthermore the district organized more than 1400 18-year-olds to participate in an oath ceremony last year. Thirty students donated blood after the ceremony.

Students national pride and sense of social responsibility have been greatly strengthened through various activities including Protecting Our Mother River and Hand in Hand With the Needy .

在古代，道德教育和智力教育在同一个过程中。随着社会的发展，道德教育与知识教育的地位发生了变化，和道德教育分为直接德育与间接的道德教育。这一变化带来的两种形式之间的冲突，并使任何形式的不充分发挥其作用。克服它的方法是进行全面的道德教育，使两种形式的道德教育作为一个有机的整体。实现可采用学科课程、活动课程、隐性课程，使之相互渗透、共同完成育人任务。

23个科普讲座促进了现代科学技术的教育。学生们，他们的创造力和创新的热情得到了很大的推动，交了超过500件科学项目。

为加强学校、家庭和社会教育的有机结合，建立了32所中小学的家庭教育指导中心、青少年心理辅导中心，并培养了460名教师进行道德教育的方法。

此外，该区组织了超过18个1400岁的孩子参加去年的宣誓仪式。三十名学生在仪式结束后献血。

学生民族自豪感和社会责任感已大大加强，通过各种活动，包括保护我们的母亲河，携手与贫困

"University", a beautiful word, which makes me have much imagination. As

the name "ivory tower" given by people, its a good place to live and study. In

the ivory tower, romantic love just like cherry blossom smiles happily in the

campus.

Many girls have the sweet dream that one day there is a boy who stands

below the windows loud annoucing "I love you", holding a bound of flowers in his

hands. But the most important things is that I can receive the advanced

education systematically, listen to the senior professors experience, attend

many dourses of lectures. To my pleasant, I can be free to spend a whole day in

the library and read every book that Id like, which makes me find the knowledge

is vast considerably. All these let me climb up in the field of science. At the

same time, the people from many parts of motherland get together. Its a big

furnace involved dialects and cluture. Its interesting.

I can find a part time job to experience the life, which is a good way of

contacting society. In short, therere many things waiting for me to learn, and

this is why I come here to be a university student.

一、写提示议论文应考虑的几点

1、文章开头，能依据提示确立主题句(topic)阐明观点或看法。

2、会使用连接词分层次说明理由、缘由(supportingsentences)。

3、归纳总结，首尾呼应。

二、看图作文应考虑的几点

1、看懂图片，把图片展示的人物、地点、时间、事件等有机地串联起来，使之成为内容连贯的句子。

2、确定短文须用的时态和该用的人称。

3、确定体裁(说明文还是记叙文)，接着用简洁的语句描述图片或图表大意。

4、根据图片或图表大意议论。

It is widely accepted that to work independently has the obvious advantage

that it can prove one’s ability. However, I believe that teamwork is more

important in the modern society and teamwork sprit has become a required quality

by more and more companies.

In the first place, we are situated in a complicated society and we often

encounter tough problems that are beyond our ability. It is especially at this

moment that teamwork proves to be exceedingly important. With the help of the

team, these problems can be solved easily and quickly, which could improve work

efficiency.

In the second place, teamwork provides a chance to cooperate with workmate,

it will make a friendly and enjoyable work environment, which is an important

factor influencing employees’ belief in the company as a good workplace.

Finally, teamwork contributes to the prosperity of the companies. With all

workmates’ knowledge combined, the companies possess high work efficiency and an

ability to deal with whatever problems. As a result, the companies can make more

profits and develop more quickly.

In sum, teamwork is very important, no one could live individually, they

must rely on others in some way. Hence, work together could make life

easier.