高中英语写作能力训练（最新20篇）

小升初英语写作技巧之一：用介词短语替代从句，例：

原句：While they were playing tennis， she started an argument that lasted all morning.

修改后：During tennis she started an argument that lasted all morning. 原句：When you come to the second traffic light， turn right. 修改后：At the second traffic light turn left.

小升初英语写作技巧之二：删除诸如"who is"或"that is"之类的关系代词，变从句为短语，例：

句：The novel， which is written in three parts， told a story that took place in the Middle Ages.

修改后：The three-part novel told a story set in the Middle Ages.

注：把句中的"three parts"改用形容词来表达，节省了四个不必要的单词"which is written in"。我们经常可以将关系代词如"that"去掉，这只会引起最少的变动。

小升初英语写作技巧之三：剔除你不需要的单词，例：

Two joint partners will present their views over a long-distance telephone call. 写完这样的句子后，你自己再读一遍，挑出单词"joint"和"telephone"，注意删去不必要的词。

There are many festivals in China，During these holidays, my favorite holiday is Chinese New Year.Not only because it’s the biggest festival in the year, but also because it’s a new beginning that brings hope to people and it’s time for family gathering.Before the festival, people come home no matter where they are.Usually, we have a big dinner on the New Year’s Eve. And then families sit together and share their lives or planes.Some will play games or hang out to have some fun.

On the New Year’s Day, people get up early and say good words to anyone they meet.Children can get lucky money from relatives.In the following days, we will visit relative’s home and bring New Year’s wishes to them.In short, it’s a time for family gathering and all of us enjoy it.

在中国，一年有很多节日，在这些节日中，我最喜欢春节。这不仅因为它是一年中最大的节日，更因为它是新一年的开始，给人们带来新的希望，也因为它是亲朋好友团聚的时刻。不管身在何方，人们总会在春节前回到家里准备过节。

通常，我们会在除夕夜吃一顿丰盛的晚餐，之后家人团座一起，分享一年以来的生活以及新年计划。有的人则会玩游戏或者出去玩。大年初一，人们通常会早起，会与见到的人说吉祥话。孩子们会得到压岁钱。在接下来的几天里，人们会带上新年祝福互相串门拜年。总之，春节是一个欢聚一堂、供人享乐的日子。

2005年英语考纲有重大变化，其中之一就是作文考查的变化。新增加一篇小作文，使作文考查由一篇变为两篇，而原来的大作文的字数也由“不少于200字”调整为“150至200字”，满分20分。新增的作文是一篇100字左右的应用性短文，文体包括有信件、便笺、备忘录等，满分10分。既然是新增题型，就不会太难，但不好预测文体，这就要求考生复习时力求面面俱到，掌握写作规律及注意事项，尤其是对常见的应用文体如书信等

大作文的写作一般会给考生写作提纲，或图表，图画，或图文并茂。命题方式虽然多样，但题目涉及面往往是考生比较熟悉的内容，目的是测定考生语言的实际应用能力。要求表达清楚，文字连贯，中心突出，内容丰富，句式多变，句子结构和用词正确。

语言的应用能力不可能一蹴而就，必须厚积薄发，必须经过长期的实践锻炼。在提高英语写作能力方面，我觉得：一是要背大量的优秀范文，整段整篇地背，并转换为自己的语言，写作时自己能随心所欲支配。考试时避免套用以前死记硬背的几个范文，把一些不达意的词堆积在一起，没有统一性，无法很好地表现主题；二是要多动手。包括对背过的文章进行词语替换，句式转换，句子重组等，以及对某一主题展开写作。多动手才能提高笔下功夫，才能保证在考场上顺利写作。可以说背诵范文是培养语感，积累素材，掌握写作方法，动手写作是实践，是最终目的，这两者结合起来，就是“理论联系了实际”。另外，背诵范文应有针对性，写作训练也是一样，在训练中要掌握每一类型作文的写作规律，根据其每一类作文的写作特点——如提纲式作文就要求考生根据提纲提示的思路和规定的要点展开段落——全面训练，但不要带有押题的心理，靠背几篇范文就能应付考试的心态是不可取的。

下面说一下英语写作过程中的注意事项

一、认真审题

作文第一步是仔细审题，考生要仔细阅读试题要求及相关信息，如图表，图画，数字等，准确把握出题者意图。考研作文忌信手掂来，提笔就写，根本不审题，想到哪儿就写到哪儿，或完全凭自己想象编故事，置考试要求于不顾， “下笔千言，离题万里”。比如1998是一幅卡通画，老母鸡申明外加一首打油诗，讽刺一些企业把该尽职之事作为推销产品的承诺。如果考生说老母鸡很可爱，但爱自夸，然后说自己某个同学也爱自夸，这就偏离主题。2000年的作文“A Brief Histiry of World Commercial Fishing ”.它给出了两张图，从1900年的渔船和鱼量之比到1995年的渔船和鱼量之比的变化谈如何保护渔业资源，应从商业性滥捕鱼这一主题展开话题，有的考生却大谈环境污染。这就偏离了主题，因为题中自始自终都没有谈到环境污染问题。

有的同学没有审题习惯，或担心时间不够草草审题，最后发现文不对题，草草收场，这就影响了英语成绩，同时也会影响后两门考试的考试心情。

二、列出提纲

考试规定的时间是很有限的，所以不能花太多时间准备一个详细的提纲，但关键词提纲或粗略提纲还是非常有必要的。对原始材料分析归纳后要形成一个基本的框架。文章打算分几段写，每段大概怎样写，自数控制在多少，开头段落是道破主题，点名要旨，引人入胜还是先给出主题一般的背景情况和对主题进行浓缩的陈述呢，中间段落和结尾有怎样写呢。这些都要心中有数。有的考生习惯用汉语构思文章，逐句翻译提纲，当碰到某个词卡住时就翻译不下去，僵在那里。要注意列提纲是为了更好更全面的表达主题。主题的表达可有多种形式，不一定非要寻找一个特定的词或句子。考试时考生要充分调动大脑，灵活运用以前所学知识。

三、开始写作

一篇文章往往由四部分组成，标题(title)，首段(opening paragraph),主体(body paragraph),结尾段( concluding paragraph)。标题要新颖，能引起读者兴趣，首段的内容根据文章的体裁而变化，比如议论文可以从一种现象，一种观点出发引出作者的观点。记叙文往往交代人物和故事背景。主体是文章的主要部分，通过合适的语篇模式表达一定的观点，考生要围绕中心按一定顺序分层次有重点的展开叙述，描写，议论。结尾段是对全文的总结，论点上要与前面的叙述一致和统一。写作时要注意以下几点。

1、要统一，连贯。

选择那些最能体现中心思想最具代表性的材料，这些材料要共同表达一致的信息。选材时切忌胡子眉毛一把抓。词语堆积，不伦不类。前后及段落之间在逻辑关系上要紧密衔接，不能把没有任何逻辑关系的词放在一起。可以用恰当的关联词把思想连贯的表达出来。

2、用词准确，语法正确

考试时要特别注意语法，此语，语气，标点符号等，为了避免太多单词拼写错误，语法错误，不要为了追求词语的华丽而堆积一些自己也没把握的单词，不要刻意追求长句而写一些自己不知对错的有多个从句组成的长句。考试时最好选择自己最有把握的词汇，短语，句式。

3、足够字数，卷面整洁

绝对不能字数不够，即使一句话颠来倒去说也要凑够字数。字数不够，即使写的非常精彩，也不能拿高分。

四、修改

英语写作时考生由于仓促，紧张等原因，很容易犯一些简单的，一眼就能发现的错误。所以考生一定要留出几分钟时间用于修改。不要大幅度进行修改，更不要因为修改破坏卷面整洁，影响阅卷老师心情。修改时可以从以下几点进行

1、语法

包括时态是否一致，主谓是否一致，名词单复数是否对应，被动主动语态是否错用等

2、词汇

包括连接上下句或段落的关联词，习惯用语，固定搭配，词类混淆，误用及物不及物动词等。

3、拼写和标点符号

To be successful, students learn many knowledge so as to master as more skills as possible. Some believe that the key to realize our dreams is to work hard and others treat chance in the first place. While today is the information world, the one who masters the all-sided source will have more chances to be successful. In my opinion, the most important skill is the social skill, because we need to make connection with others, we are not doing business with ourselves, so it is in need of having relationship with others. The good social skill can help us attract attention easily and impress the future partner. If we are bad in communicating, how can we let others know our advantages and trust us. So promoting ourselves is the first job, from now on, don’t be shy.

Yesterday,I went to have a picnic with my old classmates.We dated with each other several days ago.And we were all expecting the days come. At last, the excited day came. We went to the part where we have decided to have the picnic. During the picnic ,we talked with each other,played games,and so on. On balance, I had a nice day and I will never forget it.Because it is so happy in the picnic and we remaided so many pleasures things in our childhood.

2we had a picnic in fall last year. first we climbed to the top of the hill. we saw many pupils there. we talked ,laughed and played together. then at picnic time, we shared our food .we saw a beautiful stream near by. but there was much rubbish in it. thats a pity .we thought we should tell the people to protect our living environment. so after our picnic, we put up several signs near the stream. we wrote "please keep the stream clean and beautiful" on the signs. time to go home, we said goodbye each other and we made an appointment of next year.. on our way home, we all thought thats a very interesting picnic.

大概翻译：

昨天，我到有我的老彼此几天给classmates.We野餐ago.And大家都期待的一天来。最后，兴奋那天。我们去的地方，我们决定有野餐的一部分。在野餐，我们彼此交谈，玩游戏等。总的来说，我有一个愉快的一天，我永远不会忘记it.Because是这样的野餐高兴，我们remaided这么多的乐趣在我们的童年的事情。

2we曾在去年秋季野餐。首先，我们爬上了山顶。我们看到有许多学生。我们交谈，笑着一起玩。然后在野餐时，我们分享我们的食物。我们看到了一个美丽的流附近。但有许多内容是垃圾。这是一个遗憾。我们认为我们应该告诉人们保护我们的居住环境。所以我们的野餐后，我们提出了几个附近的流标志。我们说“请保持清洁，美丽的流”的标志。回家的时候，我们彼此说了声再见，我们进行了一个任命明年..在回家的路上，我们都以为这是一个非常有趣的野餐。

下面是关于高考英文写作的技巧以及必备高分句型，希望对同学们有所帮助!

一、要善于模仿

一些同学的办法往往是背一堆范文，然后再到考场上进行一个“剪切”、“粘贴”的工作，真正的模仿重点永远要放在一定的句式结构上，而非个别的词汇。有一个句式说：“…for the simple reason that…”表示某种现象的原因是什么，用在高考写作中，我们就可以拿来解释为什么自行车在中国如此的流行：“The bicycle is very popular in China for the simple reason that…”。然而，很多同学一谈到原因仍然是“…because…”。如果要表示“总是能够”的概念，很多同学提笔就会写can always，但理想的句子应该是用双重否定表示强烈的肯定，用never fail to。

二、要灵活变通

在批改过上万份同学们英语作文中，经常能发现一些将中文生硬地翻译成英文的表达法。有一句话叫做“立志如山，行道如水”，写英文作文，一定要有决心把它写好，有信心把意思表达清楚，这是“立志如山”;但关键是遇到问题时要有个灵活的态度，能像流水一样变通解决问题。有个翻译界的故事说：在某大型国际会议的招待会上，一道菜是用鸡蛋做的。与会的客人问翻译：“What is it made of”本来是非常简单的一个问题，结果翻译太紧张，忘了“egg”这个词，但是他急中生智，回答：“It is made of Miss Hen’s son.”这里，就是一个灵活变通的范例。绕道表达，是写作中应该常常运用的一种方法。

三、要细心观察

注意英语中一些表达上的习惯。比如在正式文体的写作中，很少用 “it isn’t”这样的略缩形式，而往往是一板一眼地写作 “it is not”。同理，在正式文体中的日期一般不缩写，阿拉伯数字一般会用英文表达(特别长的数字除外)。

许多同学在写作文时，习惯于把 “since” “because” “for”这样的词放在句首引导原因状语从句。事实上，在我们见到的英语报刊杂志文章中，这样的从句一般都是放在主句之后的。另外, “and”也常常被误放在一句话的开头，表示两个句子之间的并列或递进关系。其实，经常留心地道的英语文章能发现，如果是并列关系，完全可以不用连词;如果是递进关系，用 “furthermore” “what is more”更为普遍。

四、要心有全局

英文写作如果结构意识良好，应试写作就简化成为一个填空的过程了，适当地填入观点、素材，文章就自然而然立起来了。

临考在即，同学们要牢记英语写作的基本要领，特编顺口溜如下：细审题，巧构思，列要点，防遗漏。写日记，同汉语;书信，通知格式要牢记。看清图表细梳理，写人记事按顺序;完稿后查遗漏，整洁干净莫忘记。

英语写作七类万能句型必备

一. 结尾万能句

Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…

把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论……

Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…

考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论……

Hence/Therefore, wed better come to the conclusion that…

因此,我们最好得出这样的结论……

There is no doubt that job-hopping has its drawbacks as well as merits.

毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点。

All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.

总之,我们没有...…是无法生活的。但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。

二. 引出话题万能句

Recently, the problem of… has aroused peoples concern.

最近，……问题已引起人们的关注。

The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题。

Nowadays, overpopulation has become a problem we have to face.

如今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。

It is commonly believed that…=It is a common belief that … 人们一般认为……

Many people insist that…

很多人坚持认为……

With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…

随着科技的发展，越来越多的人认为……

A lot of people seem to think that…

很多人似乎认为……

三. 引出观点万能句

Peoples views on…vary from person to person. Some hold that... However, others believe that…

人们对……的观点因人而异。有些人认为……，然而其他人却认为……

People may have different opinions on…

人们对……可能会有不同的见解。

Attitudes towards drugs vary from person to person.

对毒品的态度因人而异。

There are different opinions among people as to…

关于……，人们的观点大不相同。

Different people hold different attitudes toward failure.

对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。

四. 提出建议万能句

Here are some suggestions for handling…

这是处理......的一些建议。

The best way to solve the troubles is…

解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……

People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. 人们已想出许多办法来解决这个问题。

It is high time that we put an end to the trend.

该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。

It is time to take the advice of… and to put special emphasis on the improvement of…

该是采纳……的建议并对……的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。

There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of…

毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够的重视。

Obviously,… If we want to do something… , it is essential that…

显然，如果我们想做某事，很重要的是...…

Only in this way can we…

只有这样，我们才能……

It must be realized that …我们必须意识到……

五. 预示后果万能句

Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that … will lead us in danger.

很明显，如果我们不控制这一问题,很有可能......会使我们会陷入危险。

No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that…

毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则很可能……

It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.

很紧迫的是，应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。

六. 论证万能句

From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.

在我看来，支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理。

I cannot entirely agree with the idea that…

我无法完全同意这一观点……

Personally, I am standing on the side of…

就个人而言，我站在……的一边。

I sincerely believe that…

我真诚地相信……

In my opinion, it is more advisable to do…than to do…

在我个人看来，做……比做……更明智。

Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why …

七. 给出原因万能句

This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, … Second, … Third, …

这一现象的存在是有许多原因的。首先，……第二，……第三，……

Why did …? For one thing,... for another(thing),...

为什么......?一则，...... 二则，......

I quite agree with the statement that… The reasons are chiefly as follows.

我十分赞同这一论述,即……，其主要原因如下。

导语：《简·爱》是十九世纪英国著名的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作，人们普遍认为《简·爱》是夏洛蒂·勃朗特“诗意的生平写照”，是一部具有自传色彩的作品。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

This is a story about a special and unreserved woman who has been exposed to a hostile environment but continuously and fearlessly struggling for her ideal life. The story can be interpreted as a symbol of the independent spirit.

It seems to me that many readers’ English reading experience starts with Jane Eyer. I am of no exception. As we refer to the movie “Jane Eyer”, it is not surprising to find some differences because of its being filmized and retold in a new way, but the spirit of the novel remains----to be an independent person, both physically and mentally.

Jane Eyer was a born resister, whose parents went off when she was very young, and her aunt，the only relative she had，treated her as badly as a ragtag. Since Jane’s education in Lowwood Orphanage began, she didn’t get what she had been expecting——simply being regarded as a common person, just the same as any other girl around. The suffers from being humiliated and devastated teach Jane to be persevering and prize dignity over anything else.As a reward of revolting the ruthless oppression, Jane got a chance to be a tutor in Thornfield Garden. There she made the acquaintance of lovely Adele and that garden’s owner, Rochester, a man with warm heart despite a cold face outside. Jane expected to change the life from then on, but fate had decided otherwise: After Jane and Rochester fell in love with each other and got down to get marry, she unfortunately came to know in fact Rochester had got a legal wife, who seemed to be the shadow following Rochester and led to his moodiness all the time ----Rochester was also a despairing person in need of salvation. Jane did want to give him a hand, however, she made up her mind to leave, because she didn’t want to betray her own principles, because she was Jane Eyer. The film has finally got a symbolist end: Jane inherited a large number of legacies and finally returned. After finding Rochester’s misfortune brought by his original mad wife, Jane chose to stay with him forever.

I don’t know what others feel, but frankly speaking, I would rather regard the section that Jane began her teaching job in Thornfield as the film’s end----especially when I heard Jane’s words “Never in my life have I been awaken so happily.” For one thing, this ideal and brand-new beginning of life was what Jane had been imagining for long as a suffering person; for another, this should be what the audiences with my views hoped her to get. But the professional judgment of producing films reminded me to wait for a totally different result: There must be something wrong coming with the excellence----perhaps not only should another section be added to enrich the story, but also we may see from the next transition of Jane’s life that “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you would get.” (By Forrest Gump’s mother, in the film “Forrest Gump”)

What’s more, this film didn’t end when Jane left Thornfield. For Jane Eyer herself, there should always be somewhere to realize her great ideal of being independent considering her fortitude, but for Rochester, how he can get salvation? The film gives the answer tentatively: Jane eventually got back to Rochester. In fact, when Jane met Rochester for the first time, she scared his horse and made his heel strained, to a certain extent, which meant Rochester would get retrieval because of Jane. We can consider Rochester’s experiences as that of religion meaning. The fire by his frantic wife was the punishment for the cynicism early in his life. After it, Rochester got the mercy of the God and the love of the woman whom he loved. Here we can say: human nature and divinity get united perfectly in order to let such a story accord with the requirements of both two sides. The value of this film may be due to its efforts to explore a new way for the development of humanism under the faith of religion.

Life is ceaselessly changing, but our living principles remain. Firmly persisting for the rights of being independent gives us enough confidence and courage, which is like the beacon over the capriccioso sea of life. In the world of the film, we have found the stories of ourselves, which makes us so concerned about the fate of the dramatis personae.

In this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement, both physical and mental effects on us call for a balance. We are likely to find ourselves bogged down in the Sargasso Sea of information overload and living unconsciousness. It’s our spirit that makes the life meaningful.

Heart is the engine of body, brain is the resource of thought, and great films are the mirrors of life. Indubitably, “Jane Eyer” is one of them.

Which is better, shopping online or traditional shopping? Different people

have different attitudes towards it. Some people think that online shopping is

very convenient, for it can save them a lot of time and energy. It’s especially

helpful for those who are always busy with their work. Besides, through the

internet, they can get more information about the commodities they want to buy

and buy a lot of things that cannot be bought in local places.

Nevertheless, I’m not keen on online shopping at all, since most

commodities which are bought online are of poor quality. Once we are cheated, we

may find it difficult to make a complaint. Thus we should take more cautions

when shopping online.

In my eyes, I prefer traditional shopping, because I can choose what I

really need. Also, I can know the quality of every commodity more clearly. Even

if there’s something wrong with the commodities, I can still ask the sellers to

compensate for my loss.

对于考研英语的应用文写作来说，考生平时复习时不仅要注意应用文写作特点、格式要求，还要有意识的掌握各类应用文的写作方法。考研辅导专家建议广大考生不要简单认为应用文的复习就是复习相应的格式，格式只是应用文写作的最起码要求，除了应用文特定的格式外，还要背诵一些经典的套话，在平时的写作训练中培养迅速构思成篇的能力，注意词句的多样性和准确性训练。下面，我们就针对应用文写作中的私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告几种形式介绍一下写作技巧。

一、私人和公务信函

信函是很重要的一种应用文。私人和公务信函是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具，与同学们的生活、学习比较密切，也是以后工作中用的最多的一种沟通方式。所谓私人信函就是给家人、朋友或者同学等写信，谈事情的同时又交流感情，是四级考试(专业课历年考研试卷)中常见的一种信函，研究生英语考试(专业课历年考研试卷)中常考的是公共信函。所谓公务信函就是给亲朋好友之外的人写信，主要是为了办事，比方说给老板或是客户写信都属于公共信函。

信函一般都是由写信时间、信内地址、称呼、信的主要内容和信尾几个主要部分组成。收信人地址要写在左上角，寄信人地址要写在右上角，寄信人地址也可以不写，姓名写在地址上面，地址排列顺序依次为门牌号、街区名、城市和国名。在信的开头人名前一定要加Mr.,Mrs.,Dear等比较尊敬的称呼，信的结尾注意使用常用的客套话如：sincerelyyours,faithfullyyours或者yourssincerely,yoursfaithfully。英文书信写作要遵循五个原则，即正确、清晰、简洁、礼貌和体贴。

正确是指信中所谈的事情要准确、具体，不用含糊抽象的词如：本月、明天等。清晰要求的是主题要明确，层次要清楚，让读者看后了然于心。简洁是现代英语发展的一大趋势。书信写作要做到行文简洁流畅，避免迂回冗长的长句，使书信尽可能写得明白清晰。书信交往，同样需要以礼待人，因而在写信过程中，要避免伤害对方感情，措辞上多多使用would,could,may,please等词，要自然得体，彬彬有礼。体谅对方也是写书信时要注意的一个原则，不能以自己为中心，要尊重对方的习俗爱好，即便是拒绝，也要委婉而不失去友谊。书信的写作也要注意格式，避免语法、拼写、标点错误，信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无误。

二、备忘录

备忘录是一种录以备忘的公文，主要用来提醒、督促对方，或就某个问题提出自己的意见或看法。包括书端、收文人的姓名、头衔、地址，称呼，事因，正文，结束语，和署名，备忘录上一定要说明什么时间，谁写的？写给谁？什么事？并且正文、结束语和署名等项与一般信件的格式相同。

三、摘要

接着谈谈摘要。摘要分成两种，一种是文章摘要，一种是论文摘要。

文章摘要就是给一篇文章让写一个摘要，文章摘要是对文章主要内容的简练概括，内容上要涵盖全文，语言上要尽量简练。写摘要前一定要仔细阅读全文，弄懂文章大意；摘要涵盖原文的主要观点并与原文的观点保持一致；摘要应该简明扼要，字数在规定的字数范围内；摘要最好不要照搬原文，应该用自己的话概括原文的主要观点；并且注意千万不要照抄，也千万不要评论，只需要写出中心思想或者段落大意即可。

第二种摘要是论文摘要。比方说是大家写一篇学术论文，硕士博士论文需要写一个英文的摘要。相对来讲我们认为考论文摘要的可能性稍微大一点。写这种摘要时要注意时态和语态。叙述研究过程，多采用一般过去时；说明某课题现已取得的成果，宜采用现在完成时。摘要中多数情况下可采用被动语态。但在某些情况下，特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时，又常用主动语态。英文摘要有一些常用句型，比如表示研究目的，可以用Inorderto……Thispaperdescribes……Thepurposeofthisstudyis……，表示表示结论、观点或建议可以用Theauthors[suggest/conclude/consider]that……。

四、报告

最后一种是报告。报告其实也分为两种，第一种是读书报告。比如读一本书或者看一本小说写一个读书报告。读书报告中首先要交代背景知识，比如作者生平，时代简介等，接下来对书的内容做一个简单的概括，与摘要不同的是读书报告最后一段可以发表评论。与摘要相同，读书报告也要注意时态，比如像科普类的知识应该用现在式。另一种报告就是书面报告，书面报告考试(专业课历年考研试卷)的可行性和可能性更大一些。书面报告与备忘录的写法很类似，所不同的就是书面报告一般是下级写给上级，它也需要交代清楚四件事：什么时间？谁写的？写给谁？什么事？

当然，应用文写作能力的提高必须经过长期的实践锻炼。在复习阶段，首先要熟悉不同类型的应用文写作格式，注意事项，写作特点等。其次要背诵大量的优秀范文，要整段整段的背，不仅是背会而且要脱口而出，并且转换成自己的语言，写作时可以随心所欲支配。再次，是要多动手写作，要写出属于自己的文章，多动手写作才能快速写出好文章来。写好的文章要注意检查，看有无语法错误，有无用词不当，能否用其他的句式表达相同的意思，可以让同学帮忙检查，让同学提一些宝贵的意见和建议。总的来说，虽然大家对应用文的写作还比较陌生，但是只要认真对待，只要花时间背范文了，花时间写文章了，就一定能取得理想成绩。

i would like to thank the manpeople, but the most grateful to mfather, from small to large, mfather gave me encouragement and love so many.

mfather iwarm and severe, when holidatime, he liketo join me sitting in bed talking daylater to see if the book later. he told me iso severe! in particular, i do not listen, hieyewere round, sharp eyelike a sword in mbodscan to scan, i immediatelfor the mistakei feel ashamed. i love mfather, grateful to him for mpay, meducation. when i wasick, ito take care of mfather in everpossible way; i am in trouble, the father ikind of nice to help me. he gave me the love iselfless. one sundaevening, i feel listless, had no energto the body. dad found, help me to rest, give me temperature. goodfellas! 39 degree5! at thitime, i also head halo youteng bodcold and hot, uncomfortable bed in dengjiao, the father then took a wet towel on mhead enough, i feel better. in the 3-point night, i did not fire back, the father had no choice but to the clinic to bumedicine for me, a father of seven lianpao clinics, but are not yet open. b6 oclock, mfather turned to the cou

nthospital, the father upstairdownstairto bumedicine for me, pay, i can clearlsee the father of crystal beadof sweat on hiforehead. at thipoint, i reallwanted to sato the father: dad, i thank you! dad inot onlconcerned about mbody, ialso verconcerned about mlearning.

teacherare the most brilliant career and also the most extraordinarcareer.

tanghong thiyear over 20 yearold, ia beautiful young dance teacher. the earthquake, she iwelcome to the studentrehearsing june 1 childrendaof the dance. found dangerousituation, she pushed the studenta corner, thehold in their arms, fell to the collapse of the buildingon her her bodwafound, she fushen趴the wall in the corner. her arms, three girlsurvived.

the ruins, her broken bodinto liangjie, facial xueroumohu. her handstill firmlyongzhe two students! bai how people can not baikai her handtightllouzhu students! when the earthquake happened, she waevacuated studentleave the classroo shouzuwucuo see there are two students, she ran the last step, a first-hand louzhu, outside-in. teaching building suddenlcollapsed, she and several studentburied in the rubble. the teacher called to qian, graduated from universitlast year, to shifang-habitat when english teacherin primarschools. qian to the father of allegiance to the sea ishifang nanquan, deputprincipalin primarschools, he beitongyujue: i can understand that, ateachers, should be so! should do!

We couldnt believe that it was a village. The buildings for the farmers were very beautiful, the streets were very clean and there were many flowers in front of the houses. In the middle of the village there was a school with a wonderful building and a large playground. All the children in the village study there.

The farmers got richer by planting vegetables and raising silkworms. In their houses there were colour TV sets, fridges,washing machines, new furniture and even motorbikes. All these showed the farmers life was getting better and better.

The great changes had attracted foreigners. Today some of them would come to visit it. We were happy for the farmers. We hope the farmers will be richer and happier.

一、写作要领

考生无论遇到哪一类试题，都要仔细审题，根据题目的要求确定文章的类型和中心内容，并对你自己熟悉的、可写的内容进行筛选、整理、规划、列出提纲，这是很重要的一步。提纲列好后，要围绕提纲内容展开说明自己的观点和结论，不要在写作时抛开提纲。一篇好的作文应该具备以下5个方面：

(1)内容切题，主题鲜明。

(2)表达清楚准确，条理清晰。

(3)结构完整，衔接流畅自然。

(4)句法正确多样。

(5)用词恰当丰富。

二、方法与步骤

1．提纲

提纲是写作一篇文章的详细计划、安排。提纲准备的目的是：

(1)计划要写什么。

(2)文章的思想的表达顺序。

(3)如何安排段落。

(4)使写作从头到尾围绕主题进行。内容一般用短语和词。主题、副题表达先后顺序，要用数字标明。提纲内容的安排是写作一篇好文章的关键。

2．依据提纲写作

(1)初稿

在完成提纲安排后，动笔写作的第一步是打初稿，在写初稿时要争取做到心中有数，胸有成竹，经过反复练习后，能够按照提纲安排落笔成文，一气呵成。如果突发奇想，也可修改提纲，顺理成章，但切忌偏离正题。在初稿写作时要有意识加大行距，为文章的修改留有余地。

(2)定稿及修改方法

在完成初稿后，修改是必不可少的过程。修改文章要注意以下几点：

①内容是否切题，论点是否鲜明，论证是否合理、严密。

②段落衔接时过渡使用是否合理，语句是否通顺、有没有语法错误，用词是否恰当。

③拼写是否正确，标点符号、大小写是否有错误，有无其他笔误。

It is widely accepted that to work independently has the obvious advantage

that it can prove one’s ability. However, I believe that teamwork is more

important in the modern society and teamwork sprit has become a required quality

by more and more companies.

In the first place, we are situated in a complicated society and we often

encounter tough problems that are beyond our ability. It is especially at this

moment that teamwork proves to be exceedingly important. With the help of the

team, these problems can be solved easily and quickly, which could improve work

efficiency.

In the second place, teamwork provides a chance to cooperate with workmate,

it will make a friendly and enjoyable work environment, which is an important

factor influencing employees’ belief in the company as a good workplace.

Finally, teamwork contributes to the prosperity of the companies. With all

workmates’ knowledge combined, the companies possess high work efficiency and an

ability to deal with whatever problems. As a result, the companies can make more

profits and develop more quickly.

In sum, teamwork is very important, no one could live individually, they

must rely on others in some way. Hence, work together could make life

easier.

I recall my study experiences. Sometimes I studied with my classmates, but sometimes I prefer to study alone. In my opinion, learning collaboratively can help us to improve our ability of communication. At the same time, it can give us a stage where we can exchange our thoughts with each other. In addition, through learning collaboratively we can get more chance to know our classmates. But there are some disadvantages. For example, during the time of study, we may not study but talk with our classmates.

回想起我的学习经历。有时候我会和我的同学一起学习，但有时候我喜欢一个人学习。在我看来，集体学习能帮助我们提高我们的交际能力。同时，也可以给我们一个互相交流想法的舞台。此外，通过集体学习可以获得了解同学的机会。但也会有一些缺点。例如，学习的时候，我们可能会和同学聊天而不是学习。

As a matter of fact, learning individually also has some advantages. Firstly, if we study alone, we will think about something by ourselves. It can help us to improve our ability of thinking by ourselves. And learning individually is good for our creation.

事实上，一个人学习也是有好处的。首先，如果我们单独学习，有些东西我们就得自己思考。这可以帮助我们提高我们的思维能力。而且，单独学习有助于我们的创造力。

As learning individually has some advantages and learning collaboratively also has some advantages, so I think we should use a combination of both.

单独学习有一定的优势，而集体学习也有很多的优点，所以我认为我们应该利用两者的结合。

[高中英语作文：单独学习还是集体学习

High school life is so wonderful for me, and I have made many good friends.

We fight for our future together. As there are so many subjects for me to learn,

I spend most of the time studying knowledge. But deep in my heart, I like sports

so much, especially tennis. When I knew our school had tennis club. I felt so

excited and wanted to be part of it. But the problem was that what if I lagged

behind other students in study as I spent the time on this hobby. At last, I

still decided to join tennis club, because I wanted to do something special and

enriched my high school life. I tried hard to make plans for my study. At the

same time, I spared some time to play tennis. I found the balance and enjoyed

the thing l liked.

记叙文是记人叙事的文章，它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说的五个" W "( what, who, when, where, why )和一个" H "( how )。记叙文的重点在于"述说"和"描写"，因此一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚，描写生动形象。下面就谈谈英语记叙文的特点和写好记叙文的基本要领。

一、记叙文的特点

1. 叙述的人称

英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过"我"来传达给读者，使人读后感到真实可信，如身临其境。如：

The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it.

用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受"我"活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如：

Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short. What could he do? Then he had a good idea.

2. 动词的时态

在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化，正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。

3. 叙述的顺序

记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙，读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当，则容易弄巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。

4. 叙述的过渡

过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如：

In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao. It is really a beautiful city. There are many places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the sunrise.

The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright.

What a moving and unforgettable scene!

5. 叙述与对话

引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述，可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果：

I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply. After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released.

这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式，没有人物语言，把"悬念"给冲淡了。可作如下调整：

I was in the kitchen cooking something. "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. "Its you." I said, quite released.

二、写好记叙文的基本要领

1. 头绪分明，脉络清楚

写好记叙文，首先要头绪分明，脉络清楚，明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析，弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程，然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个" W "和一个" H "有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些" W "和" H "，但动笔之前，围绕五个" W "和" H "进行构思是必不可少的。

2. 突出中心，详略得当

在文章的框架确定后，对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍，应该从表现文章主题的需要出发，分清主次，定好详略。要突出重点，详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节，略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化，使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题，也需要一定的技巧。如：

One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children. They have not eaten for days." I took some food with me and went.

When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger. There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger.

I gave the rice to the mother. She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice. When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors - they are hungry also!"

3. 用活语言，准确生动

记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动，又要表现力强，这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动，其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。

原文：

One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away. He was soon lost among people and traffic. He could not find the way back home and started crying. Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying. They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened. Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived. The two students decided to take him home. Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound. She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didnt take it. She served them with tea but they left.

修改后：

The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street. After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home. But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic. When he could not find the way home, he started and crying. Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop. They immediately went up to him.

"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked.

"I want Mom, I go home." said the boy, still crying.

"Dont worry, well send you home."

And they spent the next two hours looking for the boys house. With the help of a policeman, they finally found it.

When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house. Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea.

君不知作文灵感何处来，抓耳挠腮无文思;君不见绝妙素材随处有，旁征博引非难事。每一场语文考试中，最决定成败的无疑是作文--分数占比高，所需时间长，不定因素又太多。从审题破题到立意定论再到起承转合行文结论，步步惊心。然而大多数人从第一步便彳亍难前，解药在何方?

提高写作这件事儿，可小可大。大者，众所周知，150分钟150分的试卷中，唯独她，大笔一挥便耗你50分钟至70分钟不等，分数一出幸运者轻轻松松60分收入囊中，不幸者只能流着泪挥手告别20分，写作抢分水平一旦提高，语文战场便一举拿下;小者，作文提高在于平常生活中一点一滴的积累，以及考场上审题破题行文时的灵光一闪厚积薄发。下面就与大家分享一些干得榨不出汁儿的平时积累与临场发挥中可以使用的一些小技巧~

平时积累：

1)练字

一张整洁的作文卷面能够在改卷老师看见你卷子的第一眼就给你打一个比较好的印象分。当然整洁的卷面并不一定要求你出手就是极其标准的正楷瘦金，但至少你得保证你的字压着方格底线、左右留出十分之一的空格，上下占三分之二，避免字体低空飘过空格的三分之一;更重要的是，避免用"大片横线涂抹错字"的方式改正错字、错句，用从左上到右下的斜线轻轻划掉需要更正的部分即可，一来不影响整体的美观度，二来改正了错误信息确保心安，从而保证整体的观感美观度。平时写字随意惯了的人是无法在考场上突然就交上一份整洁的答卷的，所以平时练习时(无论哪一科作业)，都应当强迫自己减少笔误，训练自己想好再下笔的慎重，并且避免用粗壮的涂抹修改错误信息。平时养成良好的习惯才能在考场上彰显出来。

2)多读多看多记多背

大家翻看满分作文集的时候，一定会发现许多满分作文无论记叙文议论文散文，共同的特点就是辞藻华丽，文笔或沉郁顿挫充满思想，或清逸俊秀洋溢着青春的气息，更有甚者，从开头到结尾时不时引一句古诗词抒发情感发表议论。大家在为这些华丽的文风所倾倒时，有没有想过他们是怎么做到的呢?要想在考场中写出这样的文章，平时一定要多读多看多记多背多积累。

首先要确定自己喜欢怎样的风格，对症下药。喜欢古诗词且有一定改编兴趣的同学可以拿着唐诗宋词三百首隔几天背几首，然后把大纲必备的一百篇左右记熟理解透，背的时候就多联想联想自己遇到过的作文主题，看看哪几句可以用在哪几类主题上，再大脑中建立一个对应的突触，考场写作中就能够比较快地反应出可以用的古诗词了;喜欢沉郁文风的同学呢，平时刷数学理综刷累了换脑子的时候可以多看看类似的思想性的文章，经典如鲁迅、瞿秋白，流行如《特别关注》、《读者》、《意林》等杂志，均是取材的好原料。但涉猎一定要广，不要把自己局限在高考满分作文大全的桎梏里，这样不仅会给自己创造无形中不必要的压力，也会使得自己的脑洞无法推陈出新。

遇到自己触电的文段后，最轻松的法子就是准备一本素材本，剪下来之后粘在上面随时翻阅;也可以自行抄录背诵时常回忆联想，所谓"念念不忘，必有回响"，将这些文字在脑中不停地反复，考场上即便大脑一片空白，也能在下笔时蹦出相应的灵感。

3)一天破三题，一周一文章

光说不练假把式，积累了许多素材输入，不提高输出也是无法提高能力的。我的建议是非高/初三的同学可以一周练三到五个破题，写一篇文章，高/初三的同学一天练三个破题，一周保证一篇文章。

破题怎么练呢?找到题库，审题，先审题目的中心思想，将思路尽可能地与出题老师贴近，找对最正确自己也最拿手的角度切入，尽量选用不落窠臼的分析方式列好提纲，写好标题，一道题的破题训练就完成了。不需要写出完整的文章，只写出标题、中心论点和分论点，这样的训练方式既能够提高审题速度避免选择困难症在考场上频繁发作，也能够节约写作时间提高写作练习的频率避免厌倦长时间枯燥的写作练习。当然，节约出来的时间勤奋的同学们也可以用来想一想每一个分论点可以用哪些事例，可以配怎样的古诗词句，可以用一段怎样有力的论述，标题怎样取可以更加抓人眼球打动人心。破完题一定要去看看标答是如何分析的--这就要求挑选题库时一定不能找那种答案是"略"的题库--努力让自己的思维往答案上靠，调试多了就校准了;有疑惑的地方一定要多与老师沟通交流，保证思维不脱轨。

每周的那篇文章可以从这几篇写好了的破题中选择，然后拿给老师看，多与老师沟通交流，及时调整自己的审题风格，保证自己的思路在正轨上剑走偏锋，既有创新之处，又不会离题千里导致跑题丢分。这样也保证了自己连缀文章的能力不过快退化。

无论是破题还是写完整文章，时间都必须给予自己一定的限制。破题的时间可以限制在10-15分钟，完整文章的写作时间不要超过一小时，这样才能保证自己在考场上能够有充足的时间把前面的基础题做好。当然，平时贵在"琢磨"，琢磨的时间当然越长越好，毕竟磨刀不误砍柴工嘛。

4)多开脑洞多联想，创造自己的事例素材库

前面说过要多积累素材多训练审题破题，闲来无事多"琢磨"，联想的好处便在于此。如果说你记录下来的素材是珍珠，那么"琢磨"能够让你把这些珍珠磨成粉喝下去最大程度地提高你将文字连缀成篇的能力。在脑中建立属于自己的素材库，每几个素材贴上属于他们自己的标签，一个素材往往可以用在多个主题之上，一个事例也往往有多个角度可以分析，所以，在脑中把这些标签贴好，就像建造一座"mindpalace"，考试时就能够信手拈来不会感慨书到用时方恨少了，也再也不用依赖万能的李白杜甫司马迁了。

学科间的融会贯通也是不容小觑的一个技能，许多理化生史地政的许多现象、事例都可以用在文章中，尽显理科生、文科生独有的风范和魅力，多用一用相关的素材也不愧对平时在文综理综上花的大把大把的时间嘛。

标题也是很重要的一部分，一个好的标题能够给人一种愿意读下去的动力，所以平时读书积累素材的时候，也可以多看看"别人家的标题"是如何抓人眼球的，自己又可以用怎样的方式让自己的标题变得狂拽酷炫吸引人。

临场发挥：

1)审好题后即下笔切莫太犹豫

如果平时有了一定量审题积累，考场上审题就不会是太难的事情。确定分析角度找准立意写好分论点确定标题之后尽快开始写作，可以等灵感出现，但不要再立意上摇摆太久，否则选择困难症一定会把你逼到时间不够最后匆匆行文害了自己。记住，标题是考场作文的重点之一，能新颖不陈旧，但一定不能词不达意让人不知所云，否则就还不如循规蹈矩地扣上一顶傻帽子然后凭内容出彩了。记叙文虽然不被提倡因为很少会有改卷老师有那个耐心去认真看你的细节和感情，但是如果有十足的保证确保细节描写能够打动人心，也可以试一试。

2)厚积薄发多用脑洞多联想

有了平时如此多的积累，到考场上想要厚积薄发也就不会太难了。最关键的一点是不要给自己太大的心理压力使得自己脑洞被强行压制没法调用，放轻松，多想想自己平时积累了什么记下了什么，灵活运用便好。当然，如果脑子里全是那些烂掉牙的万能素材，我只能说，少年，您还是多看看时事积累点素材再来考试吧。

3)九分力雕琢龙头凤尾内容不在话下

开头和结尾的重要性想必不需要我再强调，但是不仅仅是开头和结尾两段。首段保证在一百字以内言简意赅地提出响亮的中心论点，结尾收束全文呼应开头升华主题当然也不需要我再强调。特别有必要说的一点在于，中间各论述段的开头和结尾也必须可圈可点，如果能适当地用上排比，保证对应的格式与字数，在宏大的论述气势中有条有理地把论点论述清楚是最好不过的了。格式一致的分论点在让你自己更好地组织语言的同时其实也能够让改卷老师更快更全面地掌握你的思路，这时只要你思路正确，改卷老师也就更愿意给你高分了。在有条理有逻辑有气势的开头结尾的帮助下，写好段落中间的几句话就完全不是问题了。

看完了上述的"葵花宝典"，是不是觉得平时"念念不忘"，考试时才能"必有回响"?

所以为了提高作文，在考场上攻克下这一片核心战场，把平时的积累方法好好落实吧~

英语写作是中考学生的一个盲点，缺乏对英语写作的专门训练和反思，老师的工作量大，造成作文讲评大多数时候只谈现象，因此学生学得也不具体、不深入，忽略写作技能的提高，甚至误认为只要句子结构正确，无单词拼写错误就应该得满分。同学们应该走出对英语写作认识上的误区。那么怎样才能写出一篇优秀作文，而在中考中获取高分呢?下面是YJBYS网作文频道为大家整理的英语写作指导。

一、写作决窍

总体把握，要点齐全;人称时态，逻辑清楚;

关键词汇，动词第一;组词成句，结构完整;

组句成文，连词增色;此路不通，绕道迂回;

字迹工整，留好印象;从句适量，高分有望。

二、写作步骤

1.认真审题。审题包括要点、格式、词数以及此篇文章要传递给读者什么样的信息，告诫读者什么(即写作目的)。

2.确定文体和时态。确定文体后，根据不同文体的特点和要求进行组织材料;同时确定出该篇文章的总时态与时态的变化。

3.写完要点，但不随意发挥。

4.先草稿，后抄写。

三、习作点评

[2004年全国中学生英语能力竞赛初赛初三组] (14分)

Choose one of your hobbies and write an article for the school magazine about it. Tell the magazine readers.

·What exactly your hobby is;

·When and how you became interested in this hobby;

·Why you enjoy your hobby;

·About your hopes and plans for the future.

写作要求：

1.根据所提供的内容，适当拓展想象空间，灵活地将提供的信息体现在文章中。

2.条理清楚，语句通顺，书写清晰、规范。

3.词数60-80.

[高分突破]

①文体：记叙文。

②要点：what → when →how → why → hope and plan for the future.

③时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时的自然变化。

内容具有开放性，但它也是“控制性”的写作试题，因此不能随意发挥，要善于抓信息，写完要点。选用这两篇学生真实习作，一是因为他们选材相同，二是因为他们都是英语成绩优秀的同学。同学B灵活使用连词so…that，so，little by little，when，so that等，恰到好处地使用新句型和短语used to，became interested in，come true……等，使内容丰富，读起来优美流畅。其实这些表达同学A也会，只是缺乏技术加工。通过这两篇作文点评，同学们便能悟出其中的奥妙。

四、培养途径

1.根据老师布置的写作内容，独立完成一篇写作。

2.与同伴合作，交流自己的写作，通过交流找出各自作文中写得好的地方和优美的句子，合作创造一篇新的文章，供大家欣赏。

3.找老师点评，请求老师指点，尤其是怎样润色。

4.自己纠错，写下反思。

五、备考演练

A

缙云山是重庆著名的游览胜地，每天有大量的游客。请你根据下面提供的信息写一篇报道，说明现在的游客在环境保护方面的变化。

写作要求：

1.词数在100左右。

2.条理清楚，语句通顺。

3.开头已写好，但不计入总词数。

Jinyun Mountain is a famous place of interest …

B

阅读电视广告词：“If we don’t save water，the last drop of water will be a tear-drop.”根据提示，写一篇60-80词的短文。

提示：

1.生活离不开水。

2.可饮用水在减少。

3.水污染严重。

4.应保护水源，再利用水。

思路点拨与参考答案

A. [思路点拨]：

①文体：记叙文。

②时态：一般过去时态，一般现在时态。采用正反对比的写作手法，增加感染力。

③写作目的：告诉读者保护环境的重要性。

Jinyun Mountain is a famous place of interest.Every day a lot of tourists come here to enjoy its beauty. But a few years ago，some of them paid no attention to protecting the environment.They threw their rubbish，such as plastic bags，fruit skins and waste paper on the ground.Sometimes they broke trees，picked flowers and killed birds. Some even made fires in the woods to cook food.How dangerous it was.Luckily，great changes have taken place here.Tourists are used to putting their rubbish into dustbins，and they are doing their best to protect the birds and plants as well.They bring their own meals instead of cooking to prevent starting a forest fire in the mountains.All these changes make us very happy.

B. [思路点拨]：

①夹叙夹议(说明现状，谈谈感想)。

②时态：一般现在时态。

③广告词的含义——水很重要，应保护和再利用(写作意图)。

Water is very important to humans.We can’t live without water.The water we can drink is falling.But some people don’t seem to care about it.They waste a lot of water.They pour dirty water into rivers and lakes.Water pollution is getting more and more serious.So we must do something to stop the pollution.We not only protect the water but also find ways to reuse it.If we don’t do this，the last drop of water will be a tear-drop.

My school is a beautiful campus, you dont believe in? I take you to visit my school.

You see, walked into the door, and two rows of stand proudly welcome our arrival, it is like a soldier standing guard, guard our campus. Back is a beautiful flower, open be riotous with colour of flowers, very good and diligent bees in the above step honey; and a beautiful butterfly there is dancing in the air, very good! Bed is behind the teaching building, see the classroom desks and chairs placed in neat, but it is our indispensable faithful partner, every classmates upright sitting concentrate ones attention on class there, fall over each other to speak, always came the sound of reading, a bent on learning. The teaching building of the right there is a basketball court, teaching to the left of the building is a large playground, where there are a lot of students are playing; every Monday, all the students went to the playground to the raising of the national flag. Playground on the left is a green lawn, where you can play, play football,,,,,, can be fun. The lawn is surrounded by a stand gracefully erect poplars, they be conscientious and do ones best to stand there, as if to defend the national dongliangzhicai. In looking at the outside is walls, walls covered with ivy, in the fall, ivy leaves slowly turned red, very good-looking, is really a beautiful scenery line.

This is my school, I love my school.

Nowadays, smart phone has been part of our life. We can see people lowing

down their heads and playing smart phones all the time. When people are walking

on the street, the traffic regulations are no longer their first concern. It is

so dangerous for them to keep their attention on the phone. Dutch officers

figured out a new rule to let people realize the traffic lights. On the ground,

the traffic light can be seen. What a smart idea. When people are watching smart

phones, they can see the lights, too. At the same time, we need to think about

the problem that whether our life is controlled by the technology.