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4272024中考书面表达写作指导:定语从句语法
全文共 4822 字
+ 加入清单定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例:
The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
先行词 定语从句
在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:
格
先行词 主格 宾格 所有格
人 who whom whose
物 which which whose of which
人、物 that that —
(一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法
who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。例如:
An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。
whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。例如:
Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗?
This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。
The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。(在非正式英语中,主格who代替了宾格whom,亦可省略)
whose一般代替人,有时亦可代替物,是所有格,在定语从句作定语。例如:
The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。
Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字,你知道吗?(关系代词whose指代先行词hotel,正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which,意思 是:the window of the hotel。)
(二)关系代词which的用法
which代替物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。例如:
I do not like stories which have unhappy endings.
我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。(which可以换成that)
Tom works for a factory which makes watches.
汤姆在一个制表厂工作。(which可以换成that)
(三)关系代词that的用法
that既可指人又可指物,在当代英语中大多指物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。例如:
Is she the girl that sells newspapers?
她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗?(that可以换成who)
Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?
放在冰箱的冰激凌哪儿去了?(that可以换成which)
Is this the book that you want to buy?
这是你要买的那本书吗? (that可以换成which,在定语从句作宾语,还可以省略)
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
常用的关系副词只有三个:when, where, why,在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语。它们的用法大家不妨记住一个口诀:
the time when
the place where
the reason why
(一)关系副词when的用法
关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间,when在定语从句作时间状语。例如:
In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.
北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。(when先行词是months)
Do you remember the day when we first went to the Summer Palace?
你还记得我们第一次去颐和园的那一天吗?(when先行词是day, 当代英语里when可以用that替代,这时关系代词that就变成了表示时间的关系副词)
I haven’t seen her since the year when I left Tokyo.
自从我离开东京的那一年我就一直没见到过她。(when先行词是year,同样when可以用that代替)
(二)关系副词where的用法
关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点,where在定语从句作地点状语。例如:
During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.
春节期间,我回到了生我养我的家乡。(where的先行词是town)
This is the place where Li Bai once lived.
这是李白曾经生活过的地方。(where先行词是place)
上面这个句子不可以将where改为that,因为that不能作为表示地点的关系副词。试比较下句:
This is the place that Li Bai once visited.
这是李白曾经游览过的地方。(that的先行词同样是place,但这个that是关系代词,在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略,还可以用which替换)
(三)关系副词why的用法
关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因,why在定语从句作原因状语。例如:
The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.
我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件。(why先行词是reason, 当代英语里why可以用that替代,这时关系代词that就变成了表示原因的关系副词,还可以将why省略)
This is the reason why he came late to school.
这就是他为什么上学迟到的原因。(why先行词是reason,why可以用that替代,还可以省略)
注意:如果上面的句子将the reason省略,那么这个句子就变成了(This is why he came late to school. )表语从句,句子意思丝毫未变。
四、特殊关系代词as引导的定语从句
as是个比较特殊的关系代词,一是用在某些句型搭配里,二是独立于主句之外。下面分别讲解。
(一)在固定搭配as…as, so…as, such…as, the same…as中,as引导定语从句
You may take as many books as you want.
你想要拿多少书就拿多少。(第一个as是副词,修饰many的;第二个as才是关系代词,代替先行词books,在定语从句中作宾语)
I have got such a computer as yours.
我有一台你这样的电脑。(as是关系代词,代替先行词computer,在定语从句中作表语,因为yours后省略了is )
I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin.
我从未见过像桂林那样美丽的地方。(as是关系代词,代替先行词place,在定语从句中作表语,因为Guilin后省略了is )
(二)独立于主句之外,as引导定语从句
As we know,
the earth turns around the sun. 正如我们所知,地球围绕太阳旋转。
As is known to us,
(As we know和 As is known to us均为定语从句,as分别作宾语和主语,替代后面的主句。)
Taiwan is, as you know, is an inseparable part of China.
你知道,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(关系代词as指代整个主句,在定语从句中作宾语。)
五、关系代词who, which与that的区别
(一)关系代词who与that的区别
1. 当关系代词用作主语时,多用主格who。例如:
He who loses hope loses all.
失去希望的人就失去一切。(先行词为代词he, they, any, all, one等时,多用who)
I met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese.
我遇见艾丽斯,她告诉我她在学汉语。(在非限制性定语从句中,用who)
2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时,用宾格whom,不用that。例如:
The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher.
我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师。(介词与关系代词紧密相连时,只能用宾格whom,不可用主格who)
注意:介词与关系代词不是紧密相连时,或者说介词放在句子后面时,这时可以用主格who,也可用that,还可以省略关系代词。因此,上面的这句话还可以有如下四种说法:
(1) The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.
(2) The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.
(3) The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.
(4) The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.
第4句简洁、自然,所以口语中用得最多。
3. 当关系代词泛指人时,多用that。例如:
He is a man that is never afraid of failure.
他是个从不怕失败的人。(that用来泛指人)
4. 当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时,应用that。例如:
Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English?
用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁?(避免重复使用who,以免造成误解或语义含混不清)
更多相似作文
篇1:2024高考英语作文通告类写作技巧
全文共 1489 字
+ 加入清单Directions:
Suppose you are a librarian in your university.Write a notice of about 100 words,providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Li Ming”instead.
Do not write the address.(10 points)
参考范文:
Notice
Welcome you to this university and this new-bulided library. I am a libraian in our university and will give you relevent information about the library.
To begin with, there is circulation desk in the circulation hall so that you can borrow and return books more quickly and conveniently. Besides, the hours of loan books is during 9:00-17:00 from Monday to Friday so that you can take best advantage of the library. Moreover, the computer room in the library is big enough for you to search for some academic information charged by the hour so you must ensure that some money is left in your ID card.
I hope you will find the above information useful and I would be ready to discuss the matter with you to further details. If you have any questions about the library, please call 123456or send messages to 123456@abc. Wish you a good time during your colledge life.
请注意
欢迎你来这所大学和这个new-bulided库。我是一个libraian在我们的大学会给你有关信息图书馆。
首先,在循环大厅有循环桌子,这样您就可以借并返回书更快更方便。此外,小时的贷款是在9:00-17:00从星期一到星期五,这样您就可以最好的利用图书馆。此外,在图书馆计算机房对你来说是足够大的去寻找一些学术信息按小时收取所以你必须确保一些钱留在你的身份证。
我希望你会发现上面的信息是有用的,我准备和你讨论此事进一步的细节。如果你有任何问题关于图书馆,请致电123456或123456 @abc发送消息。祝你一段美好的时光在你科莱奇的生活。
篇2:一.中考英语写作十个黄金句型
全文共 2265 字
+ 加入清单1. 不用说……
It goes without saying that …
= (It is) needless to say (that) ….
= It is obvious that ….
例:It goes without saying that it pays off to keep early hours.
不用说早睡早起是值得的。
2. 在各种……之中,……
Among various kinds of …, … /= Of all the …, …
例︰Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.
在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。
3. 就我的看法……;我认为……
In my opinion, …
= To my mind, ….
= As far as I am concerned, …
= I am of the opinion that ….
例:In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.
在我看来,玩电脑游戏既花费时间也有害健康。
4. 随着人口的增加…… With the increase/growth of the population, …
随着科技的进步…… With the advance of science and technology, …
例:With the rapid development of Taiwan’s economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.
随着台湾经济的快速发展许多社会问题产生了。
5. ……是必要的 It is necessary (for sb.) to do/that …
…… 是重要的 It is important/essential (for sb.) to do / that …
…… 是适当的 It is proper (for sb.) to do / that …
……是紧急的 It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that …
例:It is proper for us to keep the public places clean.
=It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.
我们应当保持公共场所清洁。
6. 花费 spend … on sth. / doing sth. …
例:We shouldn’t spend too much time on something we aren’t interested in.
我们不应该在我们不感兴趣的事情上花太多的时间。
7. how 引导的感叹句
例:At least it will prove how honest you are.
那至少可以证明你很诚实。
8. 状语从句
⑴ 如果你不…,你就会… If you don’t ..., you’ll ...
例︰If you don’t keep working hard, you’ll lose the chance.
如果你不坚持努力工作,你就会失去这次机会。
⑵ 如此 ……,以至于…… so … that …
例:At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up.
当时,我非常伤心,最后都想放弃了。
⑶ 每当我听到……我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear …, I cannot but feel excited.
每当我做……我就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever I do …, I cannot but feel sad.
每当我想到……我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of …, I cannot but feel nervous.
每当我遭遇……我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …, I cannot but feel frightened.
每当我看到……我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see …, I cannot but feel surprised.
例:Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.
= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.
每当我想到我家附近那一.清澈的小溪我就忍不住感到悲伤。
9. 宾语从句
我认为,…… / 我认为……不...... I think / I don’t think that …
我想知道是否…… I wonder whether …
例:He doesn’t think I should stop him joining the club.
他认为我不应该阻止他参加这个俱乐部。
10. Since + S + 过去式, S + 现在完成式.
例:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中,他就一直很用功。
篇3:2024年关于英语写作经典句型
全文共 2613 字
+ 加入清单1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。
3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。
4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。
5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。
6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。
8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。
9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题,像犯罪和卖淫。
10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客。
11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.无可否认,空气污染是一个极其严重的问题:城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。
12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。
12a. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。
14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。
15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。
篇4:英语写作50条常用短语句子
全文共 2221 字
+ 加入清单导语:英语写作中有不少短语和表达大家会经常用到,下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关英语写作50条常用短语句子,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!
1. 经济的快速发展 the rapiddevelopment of economy
2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长theremarkableimprovement/ steady growth ofpeople’s livingstandard
3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology
4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges
5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…
6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development
7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw publicattention
8.不可否认 Itis undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…
9.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate
10.有争议性的问题 a controversialissue
11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument
12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…
13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,
14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…
15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons
16.双方的论点 argument on both sides
17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…
18.对…必不可少 be indispensableto …
19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:
20.…也不例外 …be no exception
21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…
22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。
23.导致,引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in
24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon
25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement
26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation
27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision
28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills
29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychologicalburden
30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration
31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective
32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts
33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…
34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society
35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…
36.综合素质 comprehensivequality
37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach
38.加大了…的可能性 increase the chances of
39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…
40. 应当承认 Admittedly
41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty
42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…
43.可靠的信息源 a reliablesource of information
44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources
45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词,字母I
46.方便快捷 convenient andefficient
47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life
48.环保(的) environmental protection /environmentallyfriendly
49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress
50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of scienceandtechnology
篇5:高中期末考试英语写作技巧
全文共 1667 字
+ 加入清单书面表达历来是英语教学中一个难点,要想在限定的时间内写出一篇质量上乘的文章,非一日之功。纵观几年来的高考书面表达,我们可以看出,高考英语写作越来越重视情景的设置,要求考生总结自己的感受和见解,给出自己的观点。书面表达又是全面衡量学生英语综合水平的一种测试形式,因此,我们不得不重视。
第一步,写作的内容,要求做到两点— 内容完整、相关。这两点只要考生不粗心,基本都能做到。比如陕西考区的题目,要求写暑假的安排,是一篇正反观点类的议论文。必须注意题目的要求,第一要提出讨论话题,Recently there has been a heated discussion about what the students should do during the summer vacation.(这是一个经典的模版开篇句型)。第二要写出一方面的观点,然后是另一方面的观点,最后提出自己的看法,根据要求缺一不可,否则就会被扣掉相应的分数,这就是完整。再比如,2005年广东考区的成语寓言故事,不仅要描写整个守株待兔的过程,还应该根据要求点名寓意,否则也是不完整,这点只要在课堂上强调,学生是很容易做到的。所谓相关,也就是不要过多出现文中没有的信息,不能过分发挥,一般学生犯此类错误的较少。
第二步,写作中的语法。在阅卷中,一般三个小的语法错误会被扣掉一分,一个大的语法错误(关于谓语的错误)会被扣掉一分。所以,学生应该尽量避免犯语法错误。我在课堂中会强调,对于语法基础薄弱的同学,除了加强自己的语法功底外,就是去背诵我给出的50个最高频用到的句法结构。这些结构不仅正确,而且一定是高考中的有效得分点,即使语法偏弱,记住这些句子然后在考试中使用也能避免学生自己造句中的语法错误,一举两得。比如,倒装句在考试中就很少有同学主动启用,但是一旦正确启用就会收到意想不到的效果,所以我会给出四组倒装句,然后让学生加强运用和练习。这些句子包括:
1、Only when we realize the importance of environmental protection, can we solve the problem of pollution.
2、So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.
3、Diligent as he was, he failed in passing the exam.
4、By no means should teenagers get into the habit of smocking.
第三步,连接词的运用,使文章连贯、流畅。我把这些词分为8类,叫做“畅词”,往往学生由于中西方语言的差异,会忽视这一点,所以在授课中会通过大量的练习巩固和加强学生的印象。而且不仅要写,还写出高水平的畅词,因为高考是选拔性考试,要做到“人无我有,人有我优”。比如,“首先”这个表示次序的畅词,一般同学一定想到的是firstly 或者first of all。可是我建议学生启用to begin with, 或者initially (这个是建议水平较好的启用)。“然而”,绝大部分启用but, however,我建议学生采用on the contrary 或者oppositely。
第四步,也是整个课程的核心部分,要强化“复杂、高级”两个概念。为什么是核心呢?因为学生在这一部分没有正确的认识,在平时的学习中老师也没有有意识灌输和训练总结。大部分学生以为只要写出来、写正确就可以拿到高分,其实80-120个单词包括大概10个句子,如果全部是简单的词汇和句型没有办法达到最高档作文的要求。因此,我们强调高级的词汇和高级复杂的句型,不是说全部必须高级,而是必须出现一些才能符合高考作文大纲的要求。在这一步中,我总结的“高分词汇选择原则”、“简单句到复杂句的瞬间转换”、“高分句子写作策略”以及“钻石得分50句”,通过这些理论和实践结合的讲解,学生会感觉成绩的快速提升,效果明显。
篇6:2024考研英语作文写作方法指导
全文共 1037 字
+ 加入清单第一段:考生需要简明扼要地阐述图片内容,并点出该图画的主题。第一句话引出话题:例如:Nothing gets people talking like the topic that parents ‘role in family education(图画反映出的话题);第二句话开始正式描述图画,包含两部分:中心人或物正在干什么,以及重要细节是什么,因为是两幅图,就分别描写即可。Just as we can see from the first picture,... But when glance at the second, we know tht…第三句可以简单翻译中文标题或是描述,或者直接引出主题And below the drawing, a title which says that…。
中间段为阐释段。首句一般点出图片的象征寓意,也就是明确指出图片反映的社会问题,也就是该篇作文的中心思想。这篇文章的主题是父母应该通过行动来做好孩子的榜样,我们可以这样引出:What the cartoon really intend to extend is that parents should not only educate their children in words but also in deeds。具体的论证方法:原因,举例,对比、在这里,我们可以使用原因。这里有一些原因句型,可供大家参考:
1. Owning to /considering /given the fact that +原因
2.The major determinant lies in…
3. It is well known that/as we all know,… therefore, …
4. There is no doubt that… consequently, …
最后一段,给出评论或总结提建议。可以从怎样在行动上起到表率作用为切入口进行描述。
热点话题:
1、人口问题
2、 西部大开发
3、 网络和双刃剑(金钱,阳光)
4、成功,梦想和现实
5、职业选择和规划/高分低能
6、洋节和传统节日
7、神七上天和嫦娥奔月
8、地震与爱心
9、 奥运举办
10、 抄袭与诚信
11、伪劣商品
12、食品安全
13、抄袭与诚信
14、乱收费(因果:因:法律制度不完善,部分人只顾自己利益,忽视学生利益; 果:为社会,个人带来不良后果和巨大压力)
15、节俭与压力
16、心理问题
17、交通阻塞
18、创新创业
篇7:中考现代文阅读常见错误及对策作文
全文共 1481 字
+ 加入清单从近年来全国各省市的中考语文试卷看,阅读题在中考中分值一般在40——50分左右,而现代文类阅读题又占其中70%的分值。通过对中考学生答卷情况分析,学生答卷主要出现这样两个特点:1、散文类考题得分低于自然科学类试题。2、主观性试题比客观性试题失分严重。
一篇看似简单的现代文为什么让学生连连失分呢?考生在中考语文阅读题解答上要注意些什么问题呢?
一忌:跟着感觉走。考生由于年龄因素,逻辑思辨能力和分析归纳能力都不强,考生在答题的时候常常犯“跟着感觉走”到错误,草草看看阅读题的题干,在还没有完全读懂文章的情况下,就凭着对文章的初步理解去完成答案,这就是造成答案不完善和答非所问的原因。
二忌:只见树木不见森林考生在答题的时候,粗枝大叶,看见语段中有题干要求的部分答案,就马上写在答题纸上,孰不知,有部分考学生归纳能力的题目,答案往往需要有一定的概括性,必须要关照本段全段或者相邻的几段甚至全篇才可以做出完整的答案。这种只见树木不见森林的答题方式是考生在做阅读题是常常犯的一个错误。
三忌:走马观花骑在马上看花当然看不仔细花,考生在分析题干时常常犯这样的错误。我们知道,出卷老师在命题的时候,为了使答案尽可能单一,往往要在题干上设置很多的修饰限定语句,这样也有助于指引考生明确答题的方向,所以我们可以充分的利用题干上的这些语句,来做出尽可能符合出卷者意图的答案。
明确了答卷三忌,那么如何才能做出正确而又完整的答案呢?
这就必须要做好“读懂”、“读通”这两个步骤。
“读懂”就是是从文章内容层面上来要求考生的。要很好的完成现代文的阅读题,首要的就是读懂文章的主要内容、把握住作者的思想情感,进而明确文章的中心,如果是记叙文(散文)要能完面把握文章所记叙的事情,明了主要人物大个体形象,还要能把握住作者对这些人物所寄予的情感态度,要切实的读懂每一句话,要能随着作品情感到波动而心领神会。自然和社会科学类的文章理解起来要容易一些,当时也需要把握住语段的中心,要能体会出作者用词的严密性和逻辑性。有些文章例如人文性质比较强的文章,好多考生并不能一些子就看明白,这就需要考生提醒自己,仔细阅读反复阅读,细细体味,在交卷完成最后的确定答案之前,一定要彻底读懂文章。不然,就有可能造成不必要的失分。事实证明,所有的中考阅读题,只要彻底的读懂了,一般都会做出正确而完整的答案的。
当然,读文章和做答案的方式是多种多样的,可以先读懂再答题,也可以边读边答题,在初步完成答题之后再细读文章然后进行检查。考生可以在读文章时在试卷上随意根据自己的理解做上标记,这样不会影响卷面,但是可以提高做题的效率。
现在,我们来谈一谈“读通”。
如果说“读懂”是从文章内容方面对学生做题的要求,那么,读通就是对学生对材料结构方面把握程度的要求。一篇文章要做到了然于心,必须对该篇文章的结构有一个完整而清晰的认识。了解段意、层意、搞清楚段落之间的结构关系、把握全文的行文思路、最终对文章的结构有一个完整的认识。
这里的读通,既要求考生能从最细微的地方入手,也需要从全文的角度关照。
那么,是不是做所有的阅读题都要求全面而深刻的去把文章从内容到结构的方方面面加以分析呢,我看,也未必。首先,我们要求学生在第一遍读文章的时候,就要细细体味,努力从以上几个方面去有意识的感受和把握文章,然后,再具体的根据题干要求解题的时候,运用所涉及的知识,有针对性的再去做分析,形成有效的答案,最后,在检查的时候,根据时间的具体情况,再阅读并梳理有关的答案。看看时候答题正确完整。
有了以上几个步骤,考生的答案应该说可以完全克服以上三种常见的错误。
篇8:2024考研英语作文写作方法汇总
全文共 2124 字
+ 加入清单1、individuals, characters, folks代替people ,persons。
2、positive, favorable, rosy(美好的),promising (有希望的),perfect, pleasurable ,excellent, outstanding代替good。
3、dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(有害的)代替bad, 如果bad做表语,可以有be less impressive代替。
举例: An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.
4、(an army of; an ocean of; a sea of; a multitude of; many, if not most)代替many。
注:用many, if not most一定要小心,many后一定要有词。
举例:Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理用most, if not all ,代替most。
5、a slice of, quite a few ,several代替some。
6、harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think。
因为是书面语,所以要加that。
7、affair ,business ,matter代替thing 。
8、shared代common。
9、reap huge fruits代替get much benefit。
10、for my part, from my own perspective代替in my opinion。
11、Increasing(ly),growing代替more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词,副词用increasingly)
举例:Sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.
12、little if anything,或little or nothing代替hardly
13、beneficial rewarding代替helpful be beneficial of
14、shopper, client, consumer, purchaser,代替customer
15、exceedingly, extremely代替very
16、hardly unnecessary, hardly inevitable ...代替necessary, inevitable。
17、sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb代替sb take interest in
18、capture ones attention代替attract ones attention
19、facet, dimension, sphere代aspect
20、be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代indicate, suggest ,fear
21、give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger代替cause
22、There are several reasons behind sth代替..reasons for sth
23、desire代替want。
24、pour attention into代替pay attention to。
25、bear in mind that代替remember。
26、enjoy, possess代替have。(注意process是过程的意思。)
27、interaction代替communication。
28、frown on sth代替be against ,disagree with sth。
29、to name only a few as an example代替for example。
30、next to/virtually impossible,代替nearly impossible。
篇9:常见的写作方法有哪些
全文共 569 字
+ 加入清单写作手法又叫表达技巧,包括表现手法、表达方式、修辞手法等,具体内容如下:
表现手法:表现手法是一种很模糊的概念。从广义上来讲表现手法即写作手法,包括表达方式、修辞手法。狭义上来讲种类也很多,包括:开门见山、前后照应、伏笔铺垫、设置悬念、承上启下、卒章显志、画龙点睛;以动衬静、欲扬先抑、衬托对比、正面侧面、烘托渲染、实写虚写等。
表达方式:表达方式主要包括记叙、描写、议论、抒情、说明五种,其中描写与抒情是常考内容。抒情又包括间接抒情与直接抒情。间接抒情是指作者不直接出面,通过其它方式来抒发感情,语言比较冷静客观,或借人物之口来抒情,或通过特定的语调来抒情。间接抒情的特点是抒情含蓄婉转,富有韵味,感染力强。间接抒情又分为咏物抒情、借景抒情、融情于景、情景交融、以景结情、以乐景写哀情、托物言志、托物寓理、借古讽今等。直接抒情就是以第一人称“我”为抒情主体,直接表现作者的思想感情的一种文章笔法。也叫直抒胸臆。描写就是用生动形象的语言,把人物或景物的状态具体地描绘出来。分细描与白描、静态描写与动态描写、正面描写与侧面描写、虚写与实写、人物描写、环境描写等。
修辞手法:修辞手法是指修饰文字词句,使语言表达得准确、鲜明而生动有力,情感真挚、强烈而又引人入胜。包括象征、夸张、拟人、比喻、借代、对偶、反问、设问、双关、谐音、用典、互文、叠词等。
篇10:常见文章的写作方法有哪些
全文共 2448 字
+ 加入清单文章的写作方法属于艺术表现方法(即:艺术手法和表现手法,也含表达手法(技巧),常见的有:悬念,照应,联想,想象,抑扬结合、点面结合、动静结合、叙议结合、情景交融、首尾呼应(也叫前后呼应)、衬托对比、伏笔照应、托物言志、白描细描、铺垫悬念、正面侧面、比喻象征、借古讽今、卒章显志、承上启下、开门见山,烘托、渲染、动静相衬、虚实相生,实写与虚写,托物寓意、咏物抒情等。
下面为大家介绍二十种常见的写作手法:
1、第一人称叙事法
由于文章的内容是通过“我”传达给读者,表示文章中所写的都是叙述人的亲眼所见,亲耳所闻,或者就是叙述者本人的亲身经历,使读者得到一种亲切真实的感觉。采用第一人称,由于叙述人是当事人,所以叙述的人与事,只能是“我”活动范围内的人物和事件。活动范围以外的人物和事情就不能写进去。
2、第三人称叙事法
用第三人称叙事,叙述人既不受空间、时间的限制,也不受生理、心理的限制,可以直接把文章中的人和事展现在读者面前,能自由灵活地反映社会生活。但第三人称叙事又往往不如第一人称叙事那么亲切自然。
3、顺叙法
顺叙是按时间的先后顺序来叙述事情,这就跟事情发生发展的实际情况相一致,所以易于把文章写得条理清楚,脉络分明。运用顺叙,要注意剪裁得当,重点突出。否则,容易出现罗列现象,犯平铺直叙的毛病,像一本流水帐,使人读了索然无味。
4、倒叙法
倒叙并不是把整个事件都倒过来叙述,而是除了把某个部分提前外,其他仍是顺叙的方法。采用倒叙的情况一般有三种:一是为了表现文章中心思想的需要,把最能表现中心思想的部分提到前面,加以突出;二是为了使文章结构富于变化,避免平铺直叙;三是为了表现效果的需要,使文章曲折有致,造成悬念,引人入胜。倒叙时要交代清楚起点。倒叙与顺叙的转换处,要有明显的界限,还要有必要的文字过渡,做到自然衔接。特别要注意,不要无目的地颠来倒去,反反复复,使文章的眉目不清。
5、插叙法
插叙是为了表达文章中心的需要。有时是为了帮助读者了解故事情节的追叙;有时是对出场人物的情节作注释、说明。使用插叙一定要服从表达中心思想的需要,做到不节外生枝,不喧宾夺主。在插入叙述的时候,还要注意文章的过渡、照应和衔接,不能有断裂的痕迹。
6、补叙法
补叙主要用于对上文的叙述补充说明,一般是片断性的、简要的,不具备完整的事件,也可以把解释或说明的文字放有前面,以引起下文。补叙的作用,一般不发展情节、事件,只对原来的叙述起丰富、补充作用。
7、分叙法
分叙的作用是把头绪纷繁、错综复杂的事情,写得眉目清楚,不条不紊。分叙可以先叙一件,再叙另一件,也可以几件事情进行交叉地叙述。采用分叙时要根据文章内容和表达中心思想的需要确立叙述的线索,还要交代清楚每一事件发生和发展的时间。
8、详叙法
详叙一般用在对每件事发展变化过程的具体叙写。详叙时要抓住人物的特征或事情的细节进行详尽、细致的描叙。作文
9、略叙法
略叙的作用是在于交代事件发生发展过程中不可缺少但又不必详叙的内容。它与详叙相结合,便整个叙述有详有略,疏密相间,形成叙述的起伏。略叙一般用于文章的开头和结尾;与中心思想关系一般的部分;人所共知的部分。
10、直接抒情法
直接抒情可以使感情表达得朴实真切,震动人心。直接抒情一般适用于抒发强烈而紧张的感情。直接抒情的特点是叙述时感情强烈,节奏时快、紧张,情感直露,容易把握。
11、间接抒情法
间接抒情的特点是抒情含蓄婉转,富有韵味,感染力强。间接抒情一般可以通过叙述抒情,作者在叙述时加上自己主观感情色彩,根据感情的流动来叙述,使读者在叙述的过程中感受作者的思想感情;也可以通过议论抒情,作者在议论中,表达强烈的爱憎、褒贬之情,这种记叙中的议论一般是利用判断来进行;还可以通过描写来抒情,作者在描写的过程中,渗透自己的情感。采用间接抒情的方法,要做到语言美丽而又富有感情色彩。
12、先叙后议法
先叙后议是先叙事后议论,因此议论要起总结上文,点胆中心的作用。议论时,要对事件的主要内容,或事件的主要人物,或主要事物进行议论。这样才能做到叙事和议论的统一。议论的方法,可以通过文章的人物的语言、心理活动进行议论,也可以以第三者的身份进行议论。
13、先议后叙法
采用先议后叙的方法,首先开门见山地提出记叙的要点和中心,并以此统全文,使全文所记事件的意义,通过议论之后,显得清楚明白。在叙事的时候,要根据议论的中心,抓住重点进行写作。
14、夹叙夹议法
夹叙夹议的特点是叙事和议论穿插进行,写法上灵活多变,作者可以自由自在表情达意。采用夹叙夹议的方法写作要注意叙事的连贯性,议论插入要自然。
15、以物为线索
在叙事的过程中,让某一物品在事件的各个阶段重复出现,并通过各种手段加强它的形象。这种物件往往起过渡作用或象征和点明中心思想。
16、以人为线索
以人为线索叙事,要注意不同时间、不同环境人物性格的统一,还要注意人物年龄特征、外貌、动作、地方和民族特征、生活习惯等方面的统一。否则,容易造成混乱。
17、以思想变化为线索
这种写法,思想发展的主线要分明。思想变化的各个阶段贯要自然,对照要清楚。
18、以中心事件为线索
主要事件记叙突出,次要事件交代清楚,主次搭配合理,叙述井然有序。这种写法,事件再复杂,也可繁而不乱。
19、写生法
学习画画,要从写生、素描学起;学习书法要从描红临帖练起;学习状物也需从写生素描练起。我们作文时,如果能把看到的物品用文字描绘出来,读者看了文章,如见其物,我们的作文就有了坚实的基础。用写生法描写物品要注意描写的顺序,或由上到下,或由下到上,或从左到右,或从右到左,或先中间后两边,或先两边后中间,或先整体后部分,或先部分后整体。其次要注意细部的描绘,使读者留下深刻的印象。
20、转动法
采用转动法描写物品要有一定的顺序,不能颠来倒去。其次要准确地运用方位词如正面、反面、下面、上面、左面、右面等等,在转换物品的方向时,要用方位词标明。此外要有详有略,能反映物品特点的一面要详细描述,其他作简略交代,切忌面面俱到,平均使用力量。
篇11:英语写作技巧及要领介绍
全文共 2377 字
+ 加入清单下面是语文迷小编为大家整理提供的英语写作技巧以及关联词,供大家阅读参考。
英语写作技巧之一:用介词短语替代从句,例:
原句:While they were playing tennis, she started an argument that lasted all morning.
修改后:During tennis she started an argument that lasted all morning.
原句:When you come to the second traffic light, turn right.
修改后:At the second traffic light turn left.
英语写作技巧之二:删除诸如"who is”或"that is"之类的关系代词,变从句为短语,例:
句:The novel, which is written in three parts, told a story that took place in the Middle Ages.
修改后:The three-part novel told a story set in the Middle Ages.
注:把句中的"three parts"改用形容词来表达,节省了四个不必要的单词"which is written in"。我们经常可以将关系代词如"that"去掉,这只会引起最少的变动。
英语写作技巧之三:剔除你不需要的单词,例:
Two joint partners will present their views over a long-distance telephone call.
写完这样的句子后,你自己再读一遍,挑出单词"joint"和"telephone",注意删去不必要的词。
关联词的积累
1.提出观点不要只用I think,要学会用:
As far as I am concerned
In my opinion
From my point of view
From my perspective
The way I see it
2.转折不要只用but, 要多用:
However,
nevertheless, nonetheless,
Whereas
Some people like fat meat, whereas other people hate it.
转折也可用比喻:as a coin has two sides(就象硬币有两面一样), …(陈述转折内容)
3.表递进的:
In addition, in addition to, additionally,
what is more, moreover, furthermore,
more importantly,
what is worse (更槽糕的是)
4.表示“事实上”:
In fact,
as a matter of fact,
actually
5.表总结:
in conclusion, as a result,
all in all 总而言之
In short,
In a word, 一句话讲
Taking into consideration,
Taking into account all the factors that I have mentioned above, it is safe to draw a conclusion that …
6.表示因此:
Consequently,
Hence,
Therefore,
Thus,
as a result,
resultingly
7.表因为:
because of
due to,
owing to,
thanks to,
as a result of,
8.虽然
Although, even though, even if, though
Proud as these nobles are, …
As flattered as I am, I would say no.
In spite of, despite
I love you in spite of that.
9.比较:
In comparison with,
compared to,
compared with
She’s nothing compared to you.
10.表最后:
Finally,
eventually,
in the end,
at last,
ultimately,
11.表示程度的副词词组亦非常重要,会使文章看起来比较成熟、辨证:
To some extent 在某种程度上讲
To some degree 在某种程度上讲
To a large part 在很大程度上说
In a sense 在某种意义上讲
In general, generally 大体上说
Generally speaking 一般地讲
In some cases 在有些情况下
Basically 基本上
Broadly speaking 宽泛地讲
12.其他(要尽可能多用在文章中。始终牢记内容次要,而语言形式第一位。内容服务于形式):
Not only, but also
Neither nor, either or
Instead of, instead
For example, for instance (替换使用), take … for example
Be likely to
Be able to
Speaking of, when it comes to …
When it comes to food, he is really picky.
In terms of 根据
First of all, second of all
Above all,
Significantly,
The more, the more
篇12:最新英语写作素材:励志的英语格言警句
全文共 2378 字
+ 加入清单励志的名言是我们写作中常用到的,下面请看语文迷为大家带来的励志英语名言,希望对你有帮助。
Well begun is half done.
好的开端是成功的一半。
East, west, home is best.
金窝、银窝,不如自己的草窝。
There is no royal road to learning.
学无坦途。
Look before you leap. First think, then act.
三思而后行。
No man is born wise or learned.
人非生而知之。
Action speak louder than words.
事实胜于雄辩。
Courage and resolution are the spirit and soul of virtue.
勇敢和坚决是美德的灵魂。
United we stand, divided we fall.
合即立,分即垮。
There is no smoke without fire.
无风不起浪。
Many hands make light work.
人多好办事。
Reading makes a full man.
读书长见识。
The best horse needs breeding, and the aptest child needs teaching.
最好的马要驯,最伶俐的孩子要教。
Learn young, learn fair.
学习趁年轻,学就要学好。
Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.
胸中有知识,胜于手中有金钱。
Once bitten, twice shy.
一次被咬,下次胆小。
Sound in body, sound in mind.
有健全的身体才有健全的精神。
Seeing is believing.
百闻不如一见。
Dogs wave their tails not so much in, love to you as your bread.
狗摇尾巴,爱的是你的面包。
Money is a good servant but a bad master.
要做金钱的主人,莫作金钱的奴隶。
It‘s hard sailing when there is no wind.
无风难驶船。
The path to glory is always rugged.
通向光荣的道路常常是崎岖的。
Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.
没有目标的生活如同没有罗盘的航行。
Quality matters more than quantity.
质重于量。
It is never too late to mend.
亡羊补牢,犹为未晚。
Light come, light go.
来得容易,去得快。
Time is money.
时间就是金钱。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难见真交。
Great hopes make great man.
远大的希望,造就伟大的人物。
After a storm comes a calm.
雨过天晴。
All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马。
Art is long, but life is short.
人生有限,学问无涯。
Stick to it, and you‘ll succeed.
只要人有恒,万事都能成。
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.
早睡早起,富裕、聪明、身体好。
A good medicine tastes bitter.
良药苦口。
It is good to learn at another man‘s cost.
前车之鉴。
Keeping is harder than winning.
创业不易,守业更难。
Let‘s cross the bridge when we come to it.
船到桥头自然直。
More haste, less speed.
欲速则不达。
No pains, no gains.
不劳则无获。
Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
世上无难事,只要肯登攀。
Where there is life, there is hope.
生命不息,希望常在。
An idle youth, a needy age.
少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
We must not lie down, and cry, "God help us."
求神不如求己。
A plant may produce new flowers; man is young but once.
花有重开日,人无再少年。
God helps those who help themselves.
自助者,天助之。
What may be done at any time will be done at no time.
明日待明日,明日不再来。
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
只工作,不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。
Diligence is the mother of success.
勤奋是成功之母。
Truth is the daughter of time.
时间见真理。
Take care of the pence, and the pounds will take care of themselves.
积少自然成多。
No man is wise at all times.
智者千虑,必有一失。
篇13:大学英语作文谚语写作素材
全文共 1964 字
+ 加入清单1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog.
2.百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing.
3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.
4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow make an early start.
5.不眠之夜 whe night
6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses
7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do ones best
8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord.
9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul
10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new
11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all
12.大开眼界 open ones eyes; broaden ones horizon; be an eye-opener
13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace
14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little
15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.
16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more
17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.
18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth.
19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn.
20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones
21.金无足赤人无完人 Gold cant be pure and man cant be perfect.
22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home.
23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth
24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence
25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green
26.老生常谈陈词滥调 cut and dried, cliché
27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.
28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope.
29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success
30.名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth
31.茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened
32.没有规矩不成方圆 Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. 33.每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of ones dear ones far away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.
34.谋事在人成事在天 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.
35.弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself
篇14:优秀英语写作素材:万圣节
全文共 2881 字
+ 加入清单万圣节又叫诸圣节,在每年的10月31日,是西方的传统节日。以下是关于万圣节的英语素材,供大家参考。
11月1日万圣节英文:Hallowmas,南瓜是万圣节的代表。
10月31日是万圣夜英文:Halloween,华语地区常将万圣夜称为万圣节。
Halloween is a holiday celebrated on October 31. By tradition, Halloween begins after sunset. Long ago, people believed that witches gathered together and ghosts roamed the world on Halloween. Today, most people no longer believe in ghosts and witches. But these supernatural beings are still a part of Halloween.
万圣节前夜是在10月31日庆祝的一个节日,根据传统,万圣节前夜的庆祝活动从太阳落山开始。在很久以前,人们相信在万圣节前夜女巫会聚集在一起,鬼魂在四处游荡。现在,大多数人们不再相信有鬼魂和女巫的存在了,但是他们仍然把这些作为万圣节前夜的一部分。
The colors black and orange are also a part of Halloween. Black is a symbol for night and orange is the color of pumpkins. A jack-o’-lantern is a hollowed-out pumpkin with a face carved on one side. Candles are usually placed inside, giving the face a spooky glow.
黑色和橙色仍然是万圣节前夜的一部分,黑色是夜晚的象征,而橙色代表着南瓜。南瓜灯是用雕刻成脸型,中间挖空,再插上蜡烛的南瓜做成的,带来一个毛骨悚然的灼热面孔。
Dressing up in costumes is one of the most popular Halloween customs, especially among children. According to tradition, people would dress up in costumes (wear special clothing, masks or disguises) to frighten the spirits away.
盛装是最受欢迎的万圣节风俗之一,尤其是受孩子们的欢迎。按照传统习俗,人们会盛装(穿戴一些特殊的服饰,面具或者装饰)来吓跑鬼魂。
Popular Halloween costumes include vampires (creatures that drink blood), ghosts (spirits of the dead) and werewolves (people that turn into wolves when the moon is full).
流行的万圣节服装包括vampires(吸血鬼),ghosts(死者的灵魂)和werewolves(每当月圆时就变成狼形的人)。
Trick or Treating is a modern Halloween custom where children go from house to house dressed in costume, asking for treats like candy or toys. If they dont get any treats, they might play a trick (mischief or prank) on the owners of the house.
欺骗或攻击是现代万圣节的风俗。孩子们穿着特殊的衣服走街串巷,讨取糖果和玩具之类的赏赐。如果他们得不到任何的赏赐,就可能会对屋主大搞恶作剧或者胡闹了。
The tradition of the Jack o Lantern comes from a folktale about a man named Jack who tricked the devil and had to wander the Earth with a lantern. The Jack o Lantern is made by placing a candle inside a hollowed-out pumpkin, which is carved to look like a face.
南瓜灯的传统来自于一个民间传说。一个名叫Jack的人戏弄了恶魔,之后就不得不提着一盏灯在地球上流浪。南瓜灯是用雕刻成脸型,中间挖空,再插上蜡烛的南瓜做成的。
There are many other superstitions associated with Halloween. A superstition is an irrational idea, like believing that the number 13 is unlucky!
和万圣节有关的迷信还有很多。迷信是一种不合常理的想法,比如认为13是不吉利的数字!
Halloween is also associated with supernatural creatures like ghosts and vampires. These creatures are not part of the natural world. They dont really exist... or do they?
万圣节还和一些诸如鬼魂和吸血鬼之类的超自然的生物有关。这些生物不是自然界的一部分。他们实际上是不存在的......或许他们其实真的存在?
Witches are popular Halloween characters that are thought to have magical powers. They usually wear pointed hats and fly around on broomsticks.
女巫是万圣节很受欢迎的人物,人们认为她们具有强大的魔力。他们通常戴着尖顶的帽子,骑在扫把上飞来飞去。
Bad omens are also part of Halloween celebrations. A bad omen is something that is believed to bring bad luck, like black cats, spiders or bats.
恶兆也是万圣节庆祝活动的一部分。人们相信恶兆会带给坏运气,黑猫、蜘蛛或者蝙蝠都算是恶兆。
篇15:2024英语应用文写作基础大全
全文共 15524 字
+ 加入清单一、LETTER(书信)
书信通常由信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、谦称和签名六个部分构成。
1.从信纸中偏右处向右写发信人的地址和写信日期。由小到大,分数行书写,同一行的两部分之间用逗号隔开。顺序为:门牌号→楼号→街名→城镇名→省名→邮政编码→国名(在寄往国外时)。美国人常采用左边开头式;英国人常采取每行逐渐向右缩进式。注意要把地址写在上面,日期写在下面,每个词的首字母要大写。日期的写法与日记中日期写法相同。
2.从信纸的左上方比信头(发信人的地址和写信日期)低1—2行处顶格写收信人姓名、地址,常采用齐头式,姓名在上,地址在下,写法同发信人地址。若是私人信函,这一部分可省略不写。
3.称呼要从信纸左边顶格写起,其位置低于信头和信内地址。对不熟悉的女性用Dear Madam,Dear Ladies,作称呼语;对不熟悉的男性用Dear Sir,Dear Sirs,作称呼语;对所熟悉的人用Dear Tom,Dear Mary,即:在Dear后直写其名作称呼语;对有地位头衔的人用“Dear+ 头衔+姓”作为称呼语,如:Dear Editor Kang,Dear Doctor Li,Dear Professor Zhao,对一般人用Dear Mr Lin,Dear Ms Li,Dear Miss Liu。即:在Dear后加尊称加姓氏作为称呼语。美国人在称呼语后用冒号,英国人用逗号。
4.正文是信的主体。一般在称呼下一行顶格写起,从第二段起,在起首处空4—6个字母的距离。书信可根据表达的需要,灵活选用时态。起首语常用:(1)Your letter came to me this afternoon.(2)Im very glad to receive your letter.(3)Your letter reached me yest erday.(4)I have the pleasure to tell you that…(5)Im glad to tell you that…(6) I was shocked to learn that…(7)Thank you for writing to me.(8)Thanks for your lett er .It was lovely to hear from you.结束语常用:(1)Please remember me to…(2)With be st wishes to your family.(3)I wish to inform you that…(4)Please write soon.(5)I m ust stop writing now,as I have rather a lot of work to do.(6)Wish you the best of s uccess.(7)Wish you the best of health.(8)Give my best wishes to …
5.结尾的谦称是在正文下面,信纸中间偏右所写的客套语。第一个字母要大写,末尾用逗号。北美洲的国家常把yours放在后边,欧洲国家常把yours放在前边。写给上级、长者、位尊者常用:Yours respectfully,Respectfully yours,Yours,Very respectfully,Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours;写给不认识的人时常用:Yours truly,Yours faithfully;写给朋友时常用:Yours lovely;Yours,Yours ever;写给亲属和挚友时常用:Your loving daughter,Your loving son,Yours,Yours affectionately.
6.签名一般写在谦称下一行偏右,使尾字母与谦称尾字母对齐。
7.范文请参阅:NMET1995书面表达;JEFCⅡ-Unit 16;SEFC1A-Unit 1。
8.书信除按以上格式书写之外,现在英美人士常把书信的六个部分,按照顺序一律从信纸左边顶格写完六个部分,且用的人越来越多。
二、DIARY(日记)
日记是用来记述一天生活中发生的重要事情及感受的文体。
1.在纸的左上角顶格写星期和日期。星期在左,常用Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,T hursday,Friday,Saturday。日期在右,美国人习惯上先写月,再写日,最后写年。如:October 20,1998。英国人习惯上先写日,再写月,最后写年;如:20 June 1998。
2.在纸的右上角写天气。表示天气情况时常用Bright,Clear,Sunny,Fine(晴);Cloudy(多云);Rainy(雨);Overcast(阴);Foggy(雾);Windy(风);Hot(热);Haily(冰雹);Sh ower(阵雨);Warm(暖和);Thundering(雷雨);Snowy(雪);Fog(雾)。
3.日记的小标题写在第二行,也可省略。
4.正文第一段常顶格书写,也可不顶格写。日记记述的是当天或前一天发生过的事情,所以,日记常用一般过去时写。
5.若要表达自己的感受、想法,针对某件事发表议论,进行说理,或者为了抒情、描景写人生动,则用一般现在时。
6.范文请参阅:JEFCⅡ-Unit 27;SEFC1A-Unit 14;SEFC1A《同步听力》p.49;NMET1992和N MET1998书面表达;JEFCⅢ-Unit 23。
三、CARDS OF CONGRATULATION(贺卡)
贺卡是逢年过节,向亲朋好友表示祝贺的最方便的方式。贺卡可分为圣诞卡、贺年卡、教师节贺卡及纪念日卡等等,写法格式通常有两种。一种由称呼、贺词、祝贺人签名三部分构成 ,另一种用短信代替卡片。
1.称呼是指祝贺人对受贺人的称呼,一般从卡片的左上方写起。常用:To dear+受贺人称谓,To+受贺人称谓,也可以省略前边的to,称呼后用逗号。如:To dear teacher,Mr and Mrs Mike
2.贺词是向受贺人表达良好祝愿的话。一般写在称呼下一行,句首可与称呼语齐头,也可以向右空出4—6个字母。写贺年片时常用:(1)May the New Year be a happy one for you all!(2)Best wishes to the four of you for a prosperous and Happy New Year!(3)Happy New Year to you!(4)A Happy New Year!(5)Wish to see more of you next year!(6)Best wishes for a bright New Year!(7)Youll have a very Happy New Year!(8)Let me wish you and your family a Happy and Healthy New Year!(9)I do hope this finds you well with a Happy New Year ahead!(10)I wish you the Happiest Possible New Year!写教师节贺卡时常用:(1)Happy Teachers Day!(2)Good Luck!(3)Best wishes!(4)We hope youll have a very happy year in our class.(5)Thank you for teaching us so well.(6)With our best wishes for TeachersDay.(7)Hope you are having a very Pleasant Day.(8)Hope it will bring you Good Health and Happiness.(9)I am thinking of you often.(10)All my family joins me in wishing you health and happiness.写圣诞卡时常用:(1)A Merry Christmas!(2)I wish you a Merry Christmas!(3)Hope you have a very Good Christmas!( 4)May this Christmas be your Merriest!(5)We send our love to all of you and the hope that youll have a Merry Christmas!(6)Hope youll have a very merry Christmas!( 7) Merry Christmas!(8)A merry Christmas to you.(9)A Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!(10)Best wishes to you for a Prosperous and Merry Christmas!写生日贺卡时常用:(1)Happy birthday to you!(2)Happy birthday!(3)With Best Wishes for a Happy Brithday!
3.祝贺人签名一般写在贺卡的右下方,把from常常加在姓名前,也可以省略from。如:From your student Liu Zhong,From Mr and Mrs White,Your loving son Lei,Your students,
4.贺卡也可以用短信形式书写,在逢年过节或者特别纪念日,把贺词连同你的近况等写成短信,寄给亲朋好友。
范文请参阅:JEFCⅠ-99;JEFCⅢ-Unit 1;JEFCⅢp.97。
四、NOTICE(通知)
通知又称通告或布告,是上级对下级、组织对成员部署工作、传达事情、召开会议所使用的一种文体。
1.通知的第一行正中写发出通知的单位名称,发出通知的单位名称还可以写在正文下方的右侧,也可以把单位省略不写。
2.把NOTICE写在正文上方正中的位置。
3.正文是通知的内容,是通知的主体。要简明扼要地把通知的对象、事由、时间、地点及内容写清楚,语言应简洁明了,条理清晰,要求明确,常用一般现在时和一般将来时写。
4.在正文下方的左侧写出通知的日期,日期也可省略不写。
5.广播通知和口头通知,在开头要用称呼语,常用的称呼语有:(1)Boys and Girls,(2)De ar friends,(3)Ladies,(4)Dear ladies,(5)Gentlmen,(6)Ladies and gentlmen,(7)Comrades,常把称呼语从左侧顶格书写,在后面用逗号或冒号。
6.常用的正文开头用语有:(1)May I have your attention,please?(2)Attention,please !I have something to tell you.(3)Attention,please!I have an announcement to make.(4)Attention,please!I have good news for you all.(5)Attention please,everyone!
7.常用的正文结尾用语有:(1)Thats all!Thank you!(2)Please be there on time.(3)E ver yone is welcome.(4)Dont be late,will you?(5)Thank you for your attention.(6)Don t be late!(7)Dont forget,will you?(8)We must get there on time.(9)I hope all of you will have a good time.
8.在正文中常用的句式有:(1)It has been decided that well visit…(2)We have dec ided that well pay a visit to…(3)Well have a talk from…to…(4)Professor Liu will give us a talk on…(5)The football star will give us a lecture on…(6)You are r equired to come on time.(7)A lecture will be given by….(8)There will be a visit to …(9)A talk will be given by…(10)I’m sure well learn a lot of things from it. (11)It will be given in…(12)Youd better take your valuables with you.
9.范文请参阅:SEFC1A-Unit 6;NMET1989高考书面表达答案;NMET1994高考书面表达答案。
五、MESSAGE(留言条)
留言条是转达事情所使用的一种便条。
1.若拿起电话听筒,对方要找的人未在场时,你可以签写一张留言条。正中上方写TELEPHONE MESSAGE,在左边的“From”:后签对方的姓名,在右边的“To”:后签要找的人的姓名,在左边的 “Date”:后写接电话的日期,在右边的“Time”:后写接电话的时间。在“Message”:后写所要通知的事情,这部分是主体,写清人物、时间、地点和事由。在右下边的Signature:后签写留言条人的姓名。
2.留言条也可以把“FROM:”、“TO:”、“DATE:”、“MESSAGE:”按顺序从上到下顶格齐头排列,把“TIME:”写在“DATE:”的后边,省略“SIGNATURE:”。
3.在MESSAGE:后常写的句式有:(1)He wants to see you as soon as possible.(2)He w ould like to meet you…(3)Be sure to call…(4)She wants to meet…
4.若要找某人安排工作、通知会议等,当要找的人不在时,写一张内容简短的书信,右上边写日期,第二行从左边顶格写称呼,第三行从左边起写正文,在正文右下方签名。
5.范文请参阅:JEFCⅢ-Unit 10。
六、WRITTEN REQUEST FOR LEAVE(请假条)
请假条是日常生活和工作中,临时遇到一些事情或因生病等需要请假,给主管部门的负责人所写的简便字据。格式与书信格式大致相同,在纸的第一行右边写请假日期,在第二行左边顶格写称呼语,称呼语后用逗号。在第三行左边起首处空4—6个字母的距离,开始写正文。内容、事由、时间写清就行。在正文下偏右处写谦称,在谦称下写姓名。
1.写请假条时常用语有:(1)Im sorry I cant come to school because…(2)My grandm ot her is seriously ill. There is no one at home…(3)I have got a high fever and cough badly…(4)Im writing to ask for sick leave of one day.(5)I cant go to school be cause I have got a cold.(6)Please give an extension of leave for two days.(7)I have to go to Xian tomorrow because…(8)I have got things to do this afternoon.Im writing to ask for leave…(9)I want to ask for…leave.
2.若请病假,常在假条后附医生建议书。
七、POSTAL TELEGRAM(电报)
电报是与外地进行紧急通讯交流的有效手段,是准确传递信息的有效途径,是一种对文字力求精炼、准确与简明的文体。
1.正上方的空白栏由邮局营业员填写。如:报费、流水号码、记账号码、原来号码、发出时间、营业员、值机员、报类、字数、发出局名和日期时间。
2.电文第一行在左边顶格写称呼,常直呼其名,一般要大写,不要标点符号。
3.电文第二行和第三行写收报人的地址。
4.从第四行左边顶格写正文,正文全文都用大写字母,有时也可以把各词的第一个字母大写。一般只写实词,虚词常常省略。电文控制在10个字以内最为节约。
5.电文中常用动词不定式表示要求对方行动,用现在分词表示自己的行为。
6.常用电文有:(1)Send Money Soon〈速汇款〉(2)Arriving Home Safely(3)Best Wishes on Your Birthday〈谨贺生日愉快〉(4)Mother Illness Critical Return Soonest〈母病危速归〉(5)Unable Return Sunday Giving Date Later(6)Urgent Business Return Immediately(7)Send if Found Bag(8)Why Unmoney(9)Arriving 9∶00 Morning Can You Meet(10)Express Sorrow For Your Mothers Death〈惊闻令堂仙逝不胜悲痛〉
7.在正文右下方署名。
八、CERTIFICATE OF MERIT(奖状)
奖状是给获胜者及取得显著成绩的工作者所颁发的荣誉证明。
1.在奖状正中上方用大写字母写CERTIFICATE OF MERIT。
2.在奖状左上方顶格写To及获奖者姓名,姓名后用逗号。
3.在姓名下右边空4—6个字母处开始写获奖原由。
4.把发奖单位写在原由下左边,注意要顶格写,各单词首字母要大写。
5.把发奖日期写在发奖单位下边,注意要从左边顶格写起。
6.范文:
CERTIFICATE OF MERIT
To Zhao Xin,
In the English competition of this year,you have won remarkable success. For enc ouragement this certificate is hereby given.
Guanshan Middle School
November 10,1999
九、WELCOMING SPEECH(欢迎词)
欢迎词是在接待客人等正式场合中使用的一种文体。一般由称呼语、正文和结束语构成。正文中对客人的来访表示欢迎,简介客人情况并向客人作自我介绍,概括叙述所要从事的活动。主题要写明确,感情真挚;条理要清;语言力求通俗、简洁、准确。
1.称呼语写在第一行左边,顶格书写。客人是人时常用:(1)Dear Miss…(2)Dear Mr…(3) Dea r Mrs…(4)Dear sir,(5)Dear Madame,(6)Dear…客人是多人时常用:(1)Dear comrades,( 2)Dear friends,(3)Dear ladies,(4)Dear gentlemen,(5)Ladies and gentlemen,(6)Boys and girls,(7)Dear comrades and friends,
2.写正文时常用句式有:(1)We thank you for your accepting our invitation to come here.(2)You are warmly welcome to our…(3)First of all,Ill introduce our…to you. (4)Now our friend is going to give us a talk on…(5)We hope you will have a nice time during your stay here.(6)I hope you will enjoy yourself.(7)Id like to express our thanks for your coming…(8)Now let me invite our friends to speak to us.(9) We feel very much honoured to have a chance to get together with…(10)First of all , on behalf of all present here,allow me to give our warm welcome to our distingui shed guest.
3.结束语写在正文下,从左边空4—6个字母的距离处写起。常用语有:“Thank you!”“Le ts welcome…to speak to us.”;“I wish you have a good time.”;“Let us invite …to speak to us.”
十、FOUND(招领启事)
招领启事是一种公告性的应用文。由日期、启事正文、拾物人姓名构成。
1.在纸正上方中间写FOUND。
2.在右上方写日期。
3.在左边空4—6个字母的距离处起首写正文。常用句式有:(1)A wallet was left in the … (2)Will the owner pleasering…(3)I happened to find…(4)Loser is expect to come to…(5)I found…on…
4.拾物人姓名署在右下角。
5.范文请参阅:SEFC1B-Unit 18。
十一、LOST(寻物启事)
寻物启事一般由标题、正文、结束语及署名构成,是一种公告性的文体。
1.在纸的正中上方写标题LOST。
2.正文从左边写起,写清丢失物名、丢失时间、丢失地点,描述物品特征及联系方式。写正文时常用的句式有:(1)A bag with a wallet, left in…(2)I lost…(3)Will the finder please come to…(4)On…,I lost…with…(5)At…I left my…in…
3.在正文右下方用感谢语作结束语。
4.寻物人姓名署在左下角。
5.范文请参阅:SEFC1B-Unit 18。
十二、BILL(单据)
单据包括借条、收条和领条。是日常生活中向别人因手续上的需要而写的简短凭证。单据应写明事情和与事情相关的原因、人称、地点、时间和数量。
1.在单据左上方写日期。
2.在单据右顶格写“To+所借物主姓名”,另起一格写“I owe you+物品名称only”,常用 “I.O.U”代替“I owe you.”。
3.在左下角写借物人姓名。
4.领条和收条常在日期下一格右边空4—6个字母的距离处起首写Received from+姓名…。在右下方写收件人姓名及单位,在单位前常加For。
5.范文:
(1)借条
November 20,1999
To Zhang Ping
I.O.U.one hundred yuan(¥100)only.
Chang Ming
(2)收条
November 10,1999
Received from Li Hua 500 yuan for tuition.
Qiao Hongsheng
十三、INTRODUCTION OF CHARACTERS(人物介绍)
人物介绍是把某人的性格特征、工作业绩及爱憎感情通过报刊杂志进行宣传的文件。
1.把标题写在纸上方正中位置。
2.介绍人物的生平和事迹按照事情发生的先后顺序描写。一般按出生、童年、事业与兴趣、成绩等安排材料。
3.介绍人物时的常用句式有:(1)Charle Chaplin is considered one of the greatest and funniest actors in the history of the cinema.(2)He was born in London in 1889.(3)At the age of eight, he joined a group of child dancers.(4)As early as his second film, Chaplin had developed his own manner of acting, the one that was to become world?famous.(5)Mart in Luther King,Jr., who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964,was an important political leader in the USA.(6)He had fair hair and blue eyes.(7)Joe Hill was a tall,thin,good?looking man.(8)She was a young woman who was studying art.(9)He became famous for his new theory.(10)We regard Ding Ding as our model.(11)People spoke highly of her and all respeced her.(12)She is fond of art. (13)He was interested in the theory.(14)One of the pioneers of farming was Jia Sixie.(15)When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.
4.范文请参阅:JEFCⅢ-Unit 11;SEFC1A-Unit 13;SEFC1B-Unit 24;SEFC2A-Unit 5;SEFC2B -Unit 13;SEFC2B-Unit 19。
十四、INSTRUCTION(须知)或(说明)
须知是日常生活中,安排工作时要求工作人员应明确的事项及应注意的问题所应用的一种文体。
1.把标题一般写在纸的上方正中,每个字母均要大写,也可以把标题从上方左边顶格书写,字母大字。
2.正文常用数词标明,逐条写明应明确的事项和应注意的问题,条理要清楚,内容要准确,解释要科学、客观。
3.正文还可以从左边顶格起首分层次叙述。
4.正文常用句式是祈使句和简单句。
5.范文请参阅:JEFCⅢ-Unit 18;SEFC1B-Unit 16。
十五、RÉSUMÉ(履历表)
履历表是个人对自己的姓名、身份、学历和经历等情况作自我介绍时所填写的表格。
1.表格上方正中写有RÉSUMÉ。
2.表中项目从左边顶格依次向下排列。在“Name in Full:”后填姓名,在“Date of Birt h:”后填出生年月日,在“Place of Birth:”后填出生地点,在“Education:”后填学历,分时段填明,在“Permanent Address:”后填永久通讯地址,在“Health:”后填健康状况,在“Sex:”后填性别,在“Marital Status:”后填婚姻状况,在“Honours and Awards: ”后填受奖情况,在“Working Experience:”后填工作简历。
3.填写原则是客观、准确。
4.范文请参阅NMET1996书面表达答案。
十六、FAREWELL SPEECH(欢送词)
欢送词是欢送客人时的致辞。一般由称呼语、正文和结束语构成。
1.称呼语从纸上方第一行左边顶格起首。若欢送的是一个人,常用“Dear Mr…,”;“Dear Miss…,”;“Dear Doctor…,”;“Dear Mrs…”等等。若欢送的人多,常用“Dear friends,”;“Dear ladies and gentlemen,”;“Dear comrades and friends,”;“Dear boys and girls”等等。
2.正文在称呼语下,从左边空出4—6个字母的距离处起首。常用句式有(1)Today we gather here to have a send?off meeting.(2)Dr.Ge is going to leave his post and return to Xian.(3)He is loved and respected by us all.(4)We thank him very much for his wo nderful work.(5)We hope youll have a nice time.(6)Miss Di will leave for Beijing.(7)We wish her a pleasant journey and good health.(8)May the friendship between our two cities last for ever.(9)Well take this chance to ask Mr White to convey our friendship to the British people.(10)We are happily gathered here to give Professor Kang a warm send?off.(11)To our great joy, we are gathered here to give Mr Smith a warm seeing?off.(12)We will give a warm send?off to Miss Li going to visit Xian.(13)Dr Zhang is going to leave for home today.(14)Professor Lius visit to Xian is short but very successful.(15)In saying good?bye to him,we sincerely hope that hell have a good health.
3.结束语常另起一行,在正文下用“Thank you!”等表示谢意。
十七、POSTER(海报)
海报是向公众作广告宣传的文体。内容包括节目表、影讯、报告会、联欢会、球讯等。
1.节目表常在正上方用大写名称,在左边写Items, Items下方逐一列出节目名称,右边写P erformed by,并在下方逐一列出表演者。
2.节目表常用语有:(1)Solo:(独唱)(2)Chorus:(合唱)(3)Folk song:(民歌)(4)Comic dialogue:(相声)(5)Skit:(短剧)(6)Folk dance:(民间舞蹈)(7)Ballet:(芭蕾)(8)Peacock Dance:(孔雀舞)。
3.影讯常在正上方中间写Film Show;从左边写Name of the film:冒号右边写上上映的片名,如:Laugh Laugh Laugh;在左边另起一行写“Time”:冒号右边写映出时间,如:October 10,10∶00 PM;从左边另起一格写“Place:”冒号右边写上映地点,如:Peoples Cinema.在“Face:”后写票价;在“Ticket Office:”后写售票地点。
4.球讯常在正上方中间写“Basketball Match”;“Football Match”;“Friendly Basket ball Match”等,有时在上边写有“POSTER”。在第二行中间写比赛队名称,如:ClassⅡ vs .ClassⅢ(注:vs.=versus对);在第三行左边顶格写“Time:”,在后写比赛时间,如:6∶00 PM.Monday;在第四行左边写“Place:”在后写比赛地点。球讯也可以在醒目的标题下 ,用简炼文字叙述清比赛队名、时间、地点等,在右下方写明举办单位,在左下方顶格写出海报的日期。
5.报告会常在海报正上方中间写“Talk”,从第二行左边顶格起首写“Speaker:”在后边写报告人姓名;第三行顶格写“Subject:”在后边写报告的专题名称;第四行顶格写“Time :”后边写清具体时间,第五行顶格写“Place:”后边写报告会地点。
6.联欢会、报告会、音乐会主持人常用语有:(1)The program is about to begin.(2)Att ention,please?(3)Ladies and gentlemen,may I have your attention,please?(4)Have your seat,everyone.(5)We heartly welcome…to join in our party.(6)We are very much honoured to have many teachers as our guests.Among them are…(7)Now the concert begins.(8)Now the talk begins.Take your seat,everyone.(9)No more talking,please.
十八、INVITATIONS(请柬)
请柬是正式社交场合采用的简短邀请信函。
1.第一行正中是邀请人的姓名;第二行常写request the pleasure of(恭请…光临);第三行写被邀请人姓名;第四行写活动内容;第五行写日期;第六行写时间;第七行写地点,第八行在左边顶格写R.S.V.P(请赐回音;请答复)在右下边可以写上电话号码。
2.请柬还可以用文字叙述清楚内容。复函时常在上方正中写“Accepting the above Invit ation”,在第二行右边写复函日期;在第三行左边顶格起首写称呼语,从第四行起写正文,格式与书信相同,右下角为谦称。
十九、PLACE OF INTRODUCTION(地点介绍)
地点介绍是对某一地方的自然环境、现在、过去及未来的情况进行描述,向大众展示该地区风貌的文体。
1.写地点介绍时,把标题写在正上方。
2.描写常按照空间位置,由近及远依次描写,也可以先总体描述后局部描述,描写时要抓住中心点和特色。叙述不同时间发生的事情要用不同的时态,用好被动语态和there be 句型。
3.地点介绍常用的句式有(1)Its to the north of England.(2)Its in the east of Shaanxi.(3)Its on the west of Shaanxi.(4)It lies south of France.(5)The city is separated by the river.(6)It is made up of four buildings.(7)It is famous for its beautiful countryside.(8)The city lies on the river.(9)It is divided into two parts.(10)The weather here is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.(11)They lived mainly on potatoes.(12)The library was set up in 1997.(13)Our school has a library with books,newspapers and magazines.(14)The house used to be a temple.(15)Mountain Li is famous for its beauty.(16)It is a place where the famous men can spend their spare time.(17)In front of it is a garden.(18) In the middle of the city stands a bell tower.(19)It covers a n area 2578 square kilometers with a population of 1.26 million.(20)There are three famous parks in and around the city.
4.范文请参阅:SEFC1A-Unit 22,MET1990高考书面表达参考答案。
二十、SAFETY IN THE HOME(家庭安全公约)
家庭安全公约是家庭每个成员必须去做的成文规定。
1.在正中或从左边顶格写SAFETY IN THE HOME。
2.从第2行左边顶格起首向下依次写“POISONS:”、“FIRES:”、“ELECTRICITY:”、“GAS FIRES:”、“COOKING:”、“LADDERS:”、“WATER:”、“THINGS IN MOUTH: ”,在各栏目后用 祈使句写清务必要做到的事项。
3.范文请参阅:SEFC2A-Unit 8。
篇16:高考英语语法:形同意合的谚语口译
全文共 714 字
+ 加入清单Pride goes before a fall 骄者必败
Fish in troubled waters 浑水摸鱼
Business is business 公事公办
The style is the man 文如其人
More haste,less speed 欲速则不达
Great minds think alike 英雄所见略同
Misfortunes never come alone 祸不单行
Hedges have eyes,walls have ears 隔篱有眼,隔墙有耳
Man proposes,God disposes. 谋事在人,成事在天
Beauty is in the eye of beholder 情人眼里出西施
Time and tide wait for no man 时不待我/岁月无情
A young idler,an old beggar 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲
A man should not bite the hand that feeds him 不要恩将仇报
Health is better than wealth 家有万贯财,不如一身健
Out of office,out of danger 无官一身轻
In time of peace prepare for war 居安当思危
The tongue cuts the throat 祸从口出/言多必失
Out of sight,out of mind /far from eye,far from heart 眼不见为净
All shall be well,Jack shall have Jill 有情人终成眷属
篇17:写作的常见方法
全文共 1050 字
+ 加入清单【特点】
通过几件事写人,作者所选择的几个事例,可以是一件事表现人物某一方面的思想品质,全文连起来,表现一个人物几个方面的精神和品质;也可以几个事例紧紧围绕一个中心,表现人物某一方面的特点。采用几事写人法写人时,首先要注意几件事的内容不能互相矛盾,人物的性格、特点在几件事中是和谐统一的。其次要注意尽量用不同的事情反映人物的性格的不同侧面,类似的事情应避免重复出现。此外,文章的开头和结尾要交代与这几件事的有关内容,或对人物作概括介绍。第四写几件事时,可以按时间顺序;可以以某一事物为线索;也可以详写一件,略写几件;还可以按事情的分类排序。
常见100种作文写作方法1、第一人称叙事法26、借物抒情法51、拟人法76、工笔细描法2、第三人称叙事法27、托物言志法52、动物自述法77、画龙点睛法3、顺叙法28、物品自述法53、议论抒情法78、人物特写法4、倒叙法29、远眺近看法54、景物衬托法79、动态速写法5、插叙法30、内外结合法55、季节特征法80、动静结合法6、补叙法31、移步换形法56、随时变化法81、展开想象法7、分叙法32、说明介绍法57、日内变化法82、比较描写法8、详叙法33、环境衬托法58、定点换景法83、人物漫画法9、略叙法34、彩笔描绘法59、定景换点法84、自我介绍法10、直接抒情法35、远近结合法60、移步换景法85、结合时代法11、间接抒情法36、时序变换法61、围绕中心法86、步步深入法12、先叙后议法37、生长变化法62、分类描写法87、连续动作法13、先议后叙法38、展开联想法63、听看想法88、交替叙述法14、夹叙夹议法39、突出重点法64、描写议论法89、概括描写法15、以物为线索40、对照比较法65、动静结合法90、天女散花法16、以人为线索41、赞美颂扬法66、通篇拟人法91、动作分解法17、以思想变化为线索42、静态素描法67、比较异同法92、独白法18、以中心事件为线索43、总分结合法68、景物幻化法93、对话法19、写生法44、特征举例法69、借景抒情法94、直接描写法20、转动法45、特征说明法70、方位介绍法95、回忆想象法21、剥笋法46、重点突出法71、参观介绍法96、梦境幻觉法22、拟人法47、成长变化法72、画面组合法97、一事写人法23、化动法48、实验证明法73、分类介绍法98、几事写人法24、说明法49、群体描写法74、触景生情法99、对比写人法25、运用五觉法50、现场目击法75、粗笔勾勒法100、细节表现法
篇18:英语作文写作指导:中考英语作文万能句子
全文共 3202 字
+ 加入清单下面是语文迷网小编为大家整理的中考英语作文万能句型,欢迎大家阅读参考。
一、开头句型选择
1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ 。Some people suggest that____。
2. 俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______。 Its the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.
3.现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更为糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____。 What makes things worse is that______。
4.现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……。
Nowadays,it is common to ______。 Many people like ______because ______。 Besides,______。
5.任何事物都是有两面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6.关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,……
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______。To them,_____。
7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______which is becoming more and more serious.
8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。
______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……,但是为什么呢?
According to thefigure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that______while. Obviously,______,but why?
11、Recently, the problem of … has aroused people’s concern.
最近,…问题已引起人们的关注。
12、Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题。
13、Nowadays,(overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face.
如今,(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。
14、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…
随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为…
二、结尾句型
1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…
把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论…
2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…
考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论…
3、Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that…
因此,我们最好得出这样的结论…
4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.
毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点。
5、All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.
总之,我们没有…是无法生活的。但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。
6、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend)。
该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。
7、It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …
该是采纳…的建议,并对…的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。
8、不用说…… It goes without saying that = It is obvious that …
例:不用说早睡早起是值得的。It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.
9、……是必要的 It is necessary (for sb.) to do / that … ……
是重要的 It is important(for sb.) to do / that … ……
是适当的 It is proper (for sb.) to do / that … ……
是紧急的 It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that …
例:It is proper for us to keep the public places clean.
It is proper that we (should)keep the public places clean. 我们应当保持公共场所清洁。
篇19:高考英语写作万能模版之对比观点题型
全文共 1747 字
+ 加入清单(1) 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
1. 有一些人认为......
2. 另一些人认为......
3. 我的看法
The topic of
①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of
②-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more,
③-------------理由二). Moreover,
④---------------(理由三).
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),
⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),
⑦------------------(理由三).
From my point of view, I think
⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that
⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .
(2) 给出一个观点,要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that
①----------------(观点一). For example, they think
②-----------------(举例说明).And it will bring them
③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).
In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,
④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing,
⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二).
Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that
⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).
阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发,按照提纲的要求进行论述.
1. 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义.
2. 分析并举例使其更充实.
The good old proverb ----------------(名言或谚语)reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.
First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三).
In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
篇20:2024年托福英语作文写作方法:审题和布局
全文共 2963 字
+ 加入清单一、审题的“精确性”
在上篇中,笔者已经介绍了部分考题中的“绝对性”的应对措施,而根据专家对于过去2年独立写作考题的分析,发现有90%以上的题目属于“支持/反对”型:
2011.01.30
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Because the change of the society is so rapidly, people are less happy or less satisfied with their life than people did in the past time.
而剩下的则是由“对比论述型”构成的:
2011.03.13
Some people think children should spend most of their time in studying and playing while others think they should help their parents with the household chores. What’s your opinion?
在审题时,考生必须首先把题目通读1-3遍,彻底把握题目主旨后,方可进行段落布局。在这里,笔者结合自己的经验给考生们一些建议:首先,判断题目是否包含“绝对”含义的词,若有,则按照上篇讲过的建议布局,若没有,则对于同意或者反对的理由进行快速的brain storming, 然后根据分论点的数量及论点的可延展性来敲定立场:
Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Disagree:
1) Endangered animals are valuable because of their limited quantities
2) Environment balance
3) Endangered animals sometimes stand for the country, so they are more valuable than farmlands
Agree:
1) life quality is the top priority
2) endangered animals can be raised in the zoos
经过一番考量,假如考生得出了上述的一些分论点及想法,这时候,主体段的布局基本就可以敲定大方向了。第一种就是完全反对题目的说法,采用五段式结构布局,每个主体段论证上述三个分论点中的一个;第二种也是反对题目的说法,采用五段式结构布局,但是前2个主体段从三个分论点中选二个去论证,而第三个主体段从“同意”的二个分论点里去选一个,最后的结论还是倾向于反对的。第三种是采用四段式结构布局,即第一个主体段从三个反对意见中选择二到三个分论点去写,而第二个主体段则从赞同的分论点里去选择,数量上比前一段少一个即可,最后结论还是倾向于反对多一点。这样说是不是有些同学看了会有点“晕”呢?那下面笔者就再举个简单点的例子吧:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities. Use specific reasons and details to explain your opinion.
Disagree:
1) Most people are common, so they want to know something about famous ones
2) Famous people stand for some fashion
3) Constrain the public figures
4) Celebrities can improve the national cohesion and unity
又经过了几分钟思考,我们得出了上述的四个分论点,但是一时半会赞同的理由实在是想不出。若考试的时候遇到这种情况,千万别犹豫不决,马上从已经想好的观点里面进行挑选。于是,这个题目我们就采用完全反对的立场,以五段式结构布局全文,主体段的分论点从上述四点中挑选三个展开论述即可。这样一来,大家是不是明白一点了呢?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
Agree: Parents make decision for children.
1) Parents have more experience
2) 15-18 years old children are not adults, so they cant take responsibility
还有一种情况就是我们只能想出两个分论点,这时候考生应该果断采用四段式布局,而这一次,两个主体段都分别论述一个同意的理由,而在结尾时,可以顺便提一些反对的理由,这样也不失为一种灵活的方法,希望考生们可以借鉴。
二、分论点的排列原则
专家提醒考生们,在布局的时候我们不是随意编排分论点的先后顺序,而是需要有一定的逻辑性和合理性。一般说来,五段式的三个主体段,若都是同意或者都是反对的理由的话,一般这些分论点有两种逻辑顺序,即第一种按照“重要性”来排,将你认为最主要的理由放在第一个主体段中详细论证;第二种是按照“小到大”的原则,即个人方面的理由先写,然后再是家庭,公司,最后再是社会,国家等。倘若所有的论点都是在一个范围内的,比如都是属于个人的论点,则这个时候要看这些分论点后续的论证内容的多少,比如某一个分论点你既举得出例子,又可以进行对比或者因果论述的话那肯定应该先写这个分论点,若某一个分论点后续能够阐述的理由只有一句话的时候那就应该果断地将其排在后面写。若文章是四段式的结构,则在一个主体段中的排列顺序和前面讲的原则是一致的。