高考英语作文50篇范文【精品20篇】
作文是决胜高考语文的关键所在,把握作文拿分的技巧,是考生关心的问题。以下是小编给大家整理的高考英语作文50篇范文的内容,欢迎大家查看。我们将考场作文经验归纳为:“心中有自信,笔下出好字;手头有材料,胸中有成式;不变应万变,妙手著文章”。
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593高考英语满分讲究文明礼仪的倡议书
全文共 949 字
+ 加入清单为迎接奥运会在中国举行,请写一篇关于讲究文明礼仪的倡议书,具体内容包括:
1、讲究文明礼貌是中华民族的传统;
2、面对外国友人应热情大方、彬彬有礼;
3、要坚决杜绝公共场所大声喧哗、拥挤打闹、随地吐痰等不文明行为;
4、奥运即将召开,我们将代表中国形象。
参考词汇:喧哗 uproar
[范文]
My dear fellow students,
The Olympics are just around the corner. Today I want to talk about good manners and courtesy.
We Chinese have always been respected and highly praised for good manners and courtesy, which have, as well, become precious traditions of our people. In a couple of weeks beyond, a large number of foreign friends will come to China to join us in enjoying the Olympics. Before foreign guests, we should have an easy manner and behave politely and warm-heartedly. In public places, such ugly behaviors as uproar, pushing or squeezing together, spitting and so on should be determinedly forbidden. In a sense, each of us will not simply stand for ourselves but stand for China. Therefore, boys and girls, let’s do it well right now and the eyes of the world are to on us!
更多相似作文
篇1:高考英语满分作文:一封意见信
全文共 2862 字
+ 加入清单June 8th
Dear Haiqing,
I hear you are very unhappy these days because your parents can’t afford to buy you some brand-name shoes and garments you like very much. And I write you this letter to share with you what I think about this matter.
To begin with, beauty is just skin deep. Don’t you think it silly to pay so much attention to your appearance? He is a shallow person who judges others by their appearance; in the same sense, he is a shallow person who thinks that a brand-name garment can add to his glamour. So please, just forget about those brand-name things. What really matters is not whether you wear brand-name shoes or garments but whether your clothes fit you. As a student, you have to wear the school uniform on the weekdays and to be honest, you look very smart in it. Then why do you have to bother to buy the expensive brand-name things?
Secondly, I know your parents are both average workers. Hard as they work, they don’t earn much. Despite this, they do their best to give you a lot of things on demand. Look at the callus on their hands and wrinkles on their faces, how can you have the heart to ask for more than they can afford, which will surely break their hearts? Remember, parents don’t owe us expensive summer camps; they don’t owe us Sony Walkman; nor do they owe us Nike shoes, If you really want those fancy things, you should take a part-time job to contribute to their purchase rather than ask your parents for money to add to their already heavy burden. Don’t you think so?
Thirdly, we have such a wide variety of things available these days which are both nice and inexpensive. What’s the point of paying much more for those brand-name things that are not much better? My friend, take my advice, and you’ll be a wiser consumer as well as a more considerate child to your parents.
Poverty, sometimes, is a good thing. It can test a person’s character and it makes a man out of a boy faster than anything else. Keep working hard, and you are bound to be able to afford those things in the near future. Now you may as well focus on your study. Anyway, wouldn’t it be funny for a would-be achiever to be so preoccupied with brand-name things all day long?
Keep in touch.
Yours
Huangping
6月8日
亲爱的海青,
我听说你现在很不高兴因为你的父母买不起你一些名牌鞋和你非常喜欢的衣服。我给你写这封信与你分享我的想法。
首先,美丽只是表面的。你不觉得这么多关注你的外表很愚蠢吗?他一个肤浅的人通过他们的外表来判断他人;在同样的意义上,他是一个肤浅的人认为名牌衣服可以添加到他的魅力。所以,请忘记那些名牌的东西。真正重要的不在于你穿名牌鞋子或衣服但你的衣服是否适合你。作为一名学生,你必须穿校服在工作日,老实说,你看起来非常聪明。然后你为什么要费心去买昂贵的名牌的东西?
其次,我知道你的父母都是普通工人。他们努力工作,也挣不了多少钱。尽管如此,他们尽自己最大的努力给你很多东西。看看愈伤组织手上和脸上的皱纹,你怎么能忍心要求超出他们的承受能力,这肯定会打破他们的心?记住,父母不欠我们昂贵的夏令营,他们不欠我们索尼随身听;他们也不欠我们耐克的鞋子,如果你真正想要的那些花哨的东西,你应该采取兼职工作有助于他们的购买,而不是向你的父母要钱增加了沉重的负担。难道你不这样认为吗?
第三,我们有各种各样的东西可用这些天既好又便宜的。有什么意义的付出更多的那些名牌的东西不是更好吗?我的朋友,听我的劝告,你会是一个明智的消费者,以及一个更体贴的孩子你的父母。
贫困,有时候,是一件好事。它可以测试一个人的性格,速度比什么都快。继续努力,你一定会在不久的将来能够买得起这些东西。现在你可以专注于你的学习。无论如何,一个潜在成功者,整天专注于名牌的东西不是很有趣的呢
保持联系。
你的
黄平
篇2:2024年高考英语作文热门话题之五---中国式过马路
全文共 2036 字
+ 加入清单前不久,中央电视台“焦点访谈”栏目曾就“中国式过马路”现象进行了不少采访和评论。请用英语写一篇100-120 词的短文,结合自己的所见所闻或亲身经历描述“行人闯红灯”(pedestrians run the red light)引发的若干问题,并就此提出一些解决措施。 注意;短文的开头已给出(不计词数)。
Not long ago, CCTV “Focus Talk” carried out many interviews and made some relevant comments on the phenomena---“Crossing roads in the Chinese style”.______________________
参考范文:
Not long ago, CCTV “Focus Talk” carried out many interviews and made some relevant comments on the phenomena---“Crossing roads in the Chinese style”.
There is a very common phenomenon around us that people just run the light totally ignoring the running vehicles, which can lead to serious consequences. Last week a traffic accident happened near our school, a rushing car knocked down a student who was running the red light. And because of the car’s sudden stop, several cars behind crashed into each other. Of course this caused a terrible traffic jam.
In my opinion, effective measures should be taken to solve the problem. First, we can make good use of the media, such as TV, newspaper, magazine, to raise people’s awareness of obeying the traffic rules and road safety. Second, government must make severe laws to punish people who dare to break the law and run the red light.
优秀作文:
Not long ago, CCTV “Focus Talk” carried out many interviews and made some relevant comments on the phenomena---“Crossing roads in the Chinese style”.
Take one of my experiences for example. It was a Tuesday and it rained cat and dog. There was only a few minutes left for me to go to school on time. I was so hurried that I ignored the red light. It was so dangerous for me that the car hardly hit me seriouly. From then on, I never dare to run the red light. I think it can lead to many problems. There is no doubt that it will not only make the traffic heavier but also lose your own life.
As far as I am concerned, it has profound significance to take actions. For the government, they should make laws and appeal to the importance of safety. For the other people, we should cherish our lives and obey the traffic rules.
篇3:申请信高考英语作文
全文共 839 字
+ 加入清单Dear Sir/Madam ,
I’m lihua from class one ,senior two 。 I am wring to apply for the opportunity to help the students in chenxin Hope School with their English. Thus they can improve their English during the summer vacation 。 Meanwhile , I can learn how to get along well the students and benefit the whole school.
I’m kind , easy-going and always ready to help others 。 I wash clothes and make beds by myself to develop independence 。 English is my favorite subject and I have won several prizes in English contests 。 So I think that I am qualified for the position.
I plan to communicate with students first to know what they need 。 Besides ,I ‘ll try to get them more interested in English by telling stories , singing songs ,playing games and so on 。
I’d appreciate it if you could give me the opportunity 。
Yours Sincerely ,
Li hua
篇4:高考英语作文预测:微信的利与弊
全文共 2211 字
+ 加入清单导语:微信,不仅能够发送传统的文字和图片还有语音讯息,甚至可以直接语音通话,因此成了不少年轻人拜年的首选方式。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!
Weixin has many functions. Weixin has basic functions, such as send hold-to-talk voice messages, text messages, pictures and videos. Weixin supports Wi-Fi and 3G data network. And it supports China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Japan and US Phone Number.
Weixin has speakerphone. Gently press the button to speak. The other party will be able to receive the voice after the button release. Weixin can enjoy group chat up to 20 people. What’s more, Weixin has many other attractive functions. The most attractive function is search people around you. Weixin can search people near you who has Weixin base on your own location. This function can make user to know people around you and then to built a new relationship. Weixin alsosupports to send video. Shoot a video and send it to the other party immediately.
The compressed video is also suitable for transmission in mobile network. So you can always share the wonderful pieces of life with other people at any time. Weixin also has drift bottle function.
This function can share your messages to the world anonymously and make new friends. Weixin also has voice notes function. This function not only can save your voice memo, but also keep your pictures and texts in a convenient way. Weixin also can help you to catch your messages and keep you always updated. Weixin has QQ mail notifications which can alert you when new mails come to your QQ mailbox and you can read the mails right away. It supports sending and receiving messages from Tencent micro blog.
Weixin has English language edition. It is convenience for foreign to use it. It can help the company to dominate the market outside of China.
【参考译文】
微信有许多功能。微信的基本功能,如发送保持说话的语音邮件,短信,照片和视频。微信支持Wi-Fi和3G数据网络。它支持中国,香港,澳门,台湾,日本和美国的电话号码。
微信的扬声器。轻轻按按钮说话。另一方将能够收到的声音后,按钮释放。微信可以享受群聊的最多20人。更重要的是,微信有许多其他有吸引力的功能。最吸引人的功能是搜索身边的人。微信可以搜索你周围的人谁有威信的基础上自己的位置。这个功能可以让用户了解你周围的人,然后建立一个新的关系。微信还发送视频。拍摄一个视频,并立即发送给对方。
压缩视频也适用于移动网络的传输。所以你随时可以和别人分享美好的生活。微信也有漂流瓶功能。
此功能可以匿名分享您的消息,并结交新朋友。微信还具有语音记录功能。此功能不仅可以保存您的语音备忘录,而且还保持您的图片和文本以方便的方式。微信也可以帮助你抓住你的信息,让你随时更新。微信的QQ邮件通知可以提醒您,当新的邮件到你的QQ邮箱,你可以阅读邮件吧。它支持发送和接收消息从腾讯微博。
微信有英文版。它是方便外国使用它。它可以帮助公司主导中国以外的市场。
篇5:2024年高考英语写作必备佳句
全文共 1656 字
+ 加入清单1. According to a recent survey, four million people die eachyear from diseases linked to smoking.
依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children haveunpleasant associations with homework.
最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。
3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。
4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。
5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete withgraduation.
越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。
6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.
许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。
8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great effortsshould be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of internationaltourism.
应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。
9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on constructionof city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, whocomplain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.
越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严 重的问题,像犯罪和卖淫。
10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend muchmore time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.
许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客。
篇6:2024高考英语作文热点素材:元宵节的由来
全文共 4031 字
+ 加入清单Every year on January 15th of the lunar calendar is the Chinese attaches great importance to the traditional festival, the Lantern Festival. Lantern Festival is also called the Lantern Festival, the spring Lantern Festival, is a lot of family the reunion of the festival. The fifteenth day the full moon is the first month of the year, and the tradition of eating yuanxiao, the celebration and reunion of two word firmly together. The Lantern Festival is the first important after the Spring Festival holiday, whether the south north more attention for this holiday, a lot of activities to celebrate this festival. You must be very curious about the history and custom of the Lantern Festival, eat small charged China now tell you what is the Lantern Festival, what are the customs.
About the Lantern Festival origin is varied, there are three widely circulated.
The Lantern Festival comes a legend
Night when the festival is a Chinese emperor in honor of "ping lu". Legend hanshu a series after the death of hanshu afraid of to slip, plotting insurgency, clan wang capsule combined with founding veteran bo zhou suppressed "chaos" of lu. Special riot, the minister the second son of liu liu, said the Chinese emperor. Wen emperor was deeply millennium hard-won, kept calm "chaos of the lv" the fifteenth day of the first, as the day which was attended with the people, every family decorated in the capital, to celebrate. From then on, the fifteenth day of the first became a folk festivals celebrate - ring "yuanxiao".
The Lantern Festival origin legend ii
The Lantern Festival is also called the Lantern Festival, is celebrated the first full moon of the year. According to Taoism "three yuan", the fifteenth day of the Lantern Festival, July 15 for the hungry ghost festival, on October 15th is RMB under section. Head up, middle and down three yuan heaven, earth, three officers, respectively cheongwan joy, so the Lantern Festival to eep. Yuanxiao randeng custom of setting off fireworks is from the claim.
The Lantern Festival origin legend three
Lantern Festival originated in the "torch festival", the han people in the country field hold torches to drive bug beast, hope to reduce the insect pest, pray for good harvest. To this day, people in some areas in southwestern China on the fifteenth day of the first made a torch LuChai or branches, flocking carrying torches in farm or ShaiGuChang dance. Since the sui, tang, song, but also reached its zenith. Sufficient amount to tens of thousands of those who participate in the dance, from the unconscious, and to grey and alone. When along with the social and the change of The Times, the Lantern Festival customs already had a big change, but still is a traditional Chinese folk festival, torch also gradually into the lantern.
Since middle period of tang dynasty, the Lantern Festival has become the national reform and development of mardi gras, so the Lantern Festival is a traditional festival custom is the most thorough and typical traditional festival.
Most of the Lantern Festival custom have yuanxiao, lanterns, guess riddles, and bang, dragon dance, lion dance and other activities, but across the north and the south customs has uniqueness.
每年的阴历正月十五是中国人很重视的传统节日,元宵节。元宵节也叫“上元节”,春灯节,是很多家庭团圆的节日。正月十五日是一年中第一个月圆之夜,加上吃元宵的习俗,这个节日就和团圆两个字牢牢的联系起来。元宵节是春节之后的第一个重要节日,不管是南方北方都对这个节日比较重视,举行很多的活动来庆祝这个节日。大家一定很好奇元宵节的来历和习俗,现在中国吃网小编就告诉你元宵节是怎么来的,都有哪些习俗。
有关元宵节来历的说法多种多样,有3种说法流传较广。
元宵节来历传说一
宵节是汉文帝时为纪念“平吕”而设。相传吕后一系在吕后死后害怕大全旁落,密谋叛乱,宗室齐王刘囊联合开国老臣周勃一起平定了“诸吕之乱”。平乱之后,众臣拥立刘邦的第二个儿子刘恒登基,称汉文帝。文帝深感太平盛世来之不易,便把平息“诸吕之乱”的正月十五,定为与民同乐日,京城里家家张灯结彩,以示庆祝。从此,正月十五便成了一个普天同庆的民间节日--“闹元宵”。
元宵节来历传说二
元宵节又称“上元节”,是人们庆祝一年中第一次的月圆之夜。据道教的“三元说”,正月十五日为上元节,七月十五日为中元节,十月十五日为下元节。主管上、中、下三元的分别为天、地、人三官,天官喜乐,故上元节要燃灯。元宵燃灯放烟火的习俗就是从这个说法来的。
元宵节来历传说三
元宵节起源于“火把节”,汉代民众在乡间田野持火把驱赶虫兽,希望减轻虫害,祈祷获得好收成。直到今天,中国西南一些地区的人们还在正月十五用芦柴或树枝做成火把,成群结队高举火把在田头或晒谷场跳舞。隋、唐、宋以来,更是盛极一时。参加歌舞者足达数万,从昏达旦,至晦而罢。当随着社会和时代的变迁,元宵节的风俗习惯早已有了较大的变化,但至今仍是中国民间传统节日,火把也逐渐变为了彩灯。
自唐朝中期以来,元宵节发展成为了我国全民性的狂欢节,因此元宵节是把传统节日习俗体现得最为彻底和典型的传统节日。
大部分地方元宵节习俗有吃元宵、观花灯、猜灯谜,还有擂鼓、舞龙、舞狮等活动,但南北各地风俗也有独特之处。
篇7:高考英语满分作文:母亲的眼睛
全文共 1044 字
+ 加入清单(Mothers Eyes)
My mother has a pair of keen eyes which can speak. With her eyes,she observed my mood, gave me courage and made me strong. Therefore, I could face difficulties.
When I was a baby learning to walk, my mother always lent me a hand and encouraged me to get up while I fell down. As I finally threw myself into her arms, her eyes smiled with praise. Later as I grew up, I met with more difficulties. But whenever I was frustrated, my mothers eyes alwaysgave me hope and encouragement. Once I failed in exams, my mother encouraged me to find out the reasons. Instead of blaming me she pushed me to do better. At last I overcame the difficulty. Now I have grown up and become more independent, but whenever I come across setbacks, my mothers eyes are always with me encouraging me wherever I go.
我母亲有一双敏锐的、会说话的眼睛。那双眼睛能洞察我的心情,给我鼓励,促我坚强,因此我能面对一切困难。
孩提学步时,妈妈总是帮助我,鼓励我摔倒了就爬起来。最后我晃晃悠悠地扑进她怀抱时,她的双眼充满了赞扬之情。成长过程中,我遇到了很多困难,但灰心失望时,妈妈的双眼总给我以希望和鼓励。一次我考试不及格,妈妈没有责备我,而是鼓励我找出原因,提高我的成绩。最后我终于度过了难关。现在,我长大了,不用再让她操心了。但每当遇到挫折时,妈妈的眼睛总是伴随着我,给我鼓励。
篇8:2024高考英语作文高分技巧解读
全文共 951 字
+ 加入清单高考已经进入倒计时了,这时候多看看写作技巧准没错。下面是语文迷为大家整理的英语写作高分技巧,希望对你有帮助。
一、把握文体
话题作文往往不限文体,允许考生自由发挥。但是,不限文体并不等于不要文体。话题作文的“文体不限”其实是指不限于一种文体,让学生有选择文体的自由。当你选定了一种文体时,还得按照这种文体的特点来谋篇布局进行写作。有的同学观察能力强,生活积累丰富,不妨将生活中精彩的片断撷取出来写成一篇生动感人的记叙文;有的同学想象丰富,擅长编写故事,不妨写写童话、寓言或科幻小说;有的同学逻辑思维能力强,擅长推理,不妨写成一篇理据充分的议论文;有的同学感情细腻丰富,不妨写成一篇优美抒情的散文,肯定会非常出色。
二、缩小范围
话题作文只提供写作的话题,而没有中心、材料、结构、文体、语言等等的限制;给了考生一个比较开放的构思空间,使考生能最大限度地发挥想象力和创造力。但是,如果不注意把握话题,缩小写作的口子,就会出现“下笔千言,离题万里”的毛病。因此,不管所给的话题多么宽泛,我们都要善于缩小“包围圈”,要选择一个小小的切入口,如一件事、一个人、一样物品、一种感受、一点看法等等,集中笔力加以突破,把你所选择的话题角度写细写深写透,做到“以小见大”。
三、拟好题目
标题是文章的“眼睛”。俗话说:“题好一半文”。话题作文允许自己拟题目,因此,我们要努力提高拟题水平,力争使自己拟的题目准确、凝炼、含蓄、新奇,使阅卷老师“一见钟情”。
四、善于联想
话题作文是一种开放性的作文形式,要求考生放开手脚,尽情地驰骋在想象的空间,善于多方位地展开联想,这样,才能生发出丰富多彩的思路来。比如话题“风”,你可以联想到自然界的风:微风、大风、狂风、飓风、龙卷风等等;你还可以联想到社会风气:拍马风、送礼风等等;你可以联想到一种像风一样的流行时尚:金庸热、韩寒热等等;你甚至可以联想到假如你是风,假如你遇到风等等。
五、写出新意
话题作文既然是应试作文,总得给评卷老师一个好的感觉,得—个好的分数。因此,写出特色、写出新意是十分重要的。我们在写作时,要善于“独辟蹊径”,也就是要求我们在立意上要有特的感悟,不入云亦云;选材上要有独到的眼光,不陈题旧话;构思上要独具匠心,不四平八稳,波澜不惊语气上要有独到的魅力,不平铺直叙泛泛而谈。
篇9:2024高考英语冲刺作文OneThingI’mProudof
全文共 880 字
+ 加入清单One Thing I’m Proud of I still remember how I became a good table tennis player.
The first day I went to high school, I saw some of my classmates playing table tennis. Amazed at how skillful they were, I was determined to be just as good. Later on, I often watched them carefully to learn their techniques. Then I kept practicing until I became confident enough to challenge the good players. At the end of the term I became one of the best players in my class.
I am really proud of this experience, because it helps me realize that we all can fulfill our potential and achieve our goals through hard work. It also helps me better understand the proverb "Practice makes perfect.”
我很自豪的一件事我还记得我如何成为一个优秀的乒乓球运动员。
第一天我去了高中时,我看到一些同学打乒乓球。惊讶于他们是多么巧妙,我决心一样好。后来,我经常看到他们认真学习他们的技术。然后我不停地练习,直到我有足够的信心去挑战了好球员。在学期结束的时候,我成为班里最好的球员之一。
我真的骄傲的这段经历,因为它让我意识到我们都能实现我们的潜能,通过努力工作才能实现我们的目标。它也帮助我更好地理解谚语“熟能生巧”。
篇10:高考优秀英语作文:雾霾
全文共 1516 字
+ 加入清单导语:雾霾已经成为很多地方挥之不去的梦魇,稍有不注意,特别是老人和小孩,抵抗力相对弱点的人群,很容易感染呼吸道疾病,下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的英语作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!
Haze is air pollution in which is mixed up with dust, smoke and other dry particles ,and it obscure the clarity of the sky and interacts with the natural environment.
This kind of air pollutant come from a variety of natural and manmade sources. Natural sources can include windblown dust, and soot from wildfires. Manmade sources can include motor vehicles, and industrial fuel burning, and manufacturing operations. The one of the main cause that touches off haze is manufacturing operations. Many factories were over measure produced the smog that had over the standard and the smog seriously influence the air become air pollution.
The components that make up haze may have negative effect on peoples health especially that of the children and the elderly. Also not excluded are those who have certain diseases such as asthma, allergy, and pneumonia and lung disease. Workers working in the open air have a high risk in their health.
One of effective solutions to help eliminate haze is to make some chemistry changes during the manufacturing process,so it could reduce harmful emissions which are produced by manufacturing operations.
【参考译文】
霾是空气污染,它与灰尘、烟雾和其他干粒子混合在一起,使天空的清晰度模糊,与自然环境相互作用。
这种空气污染物来自各种自然和人为的来源。自然源包括风吹灰尘,煤烟,野火。人造资源可以包括汽车,工业燃料燃烧和制造业务。造成雾霾的主要原因之一是制造业经营。许多工厂过度测量产生的烟雾超过标准,烟雾严重影响空气成为空气污染。
构成雾霾的成分可能对人们的健康产生负面影响,尤其是儿童和老年人。也不排除那些有某些疾病,如哮喘,过敏,肺炎和肺部疾病。在户外工作的工人在健康方面有很高的风险。
帮助消除雾霾的有效方法之一是在制造过程中进行一些化学变化,从而减少制造过程中产生的有害排放物。
篇11:2024年高考英语作文高级句型
全文共 3591 字
+ 加入清单1.首先, 第一: initially, to begin with, to start with;
2.其次, 第二, 第三, 第四……: furthermore, moreover, in addition, besides
3.最后: finally; last but not least:(提及最后的人或事物时说)最后但同样重要的
4.现在(目前), XXXX现象是不可避免且难以否认的
Currently, there is an inevitable and undeniable fact that ……
At present, it is inevitable and undeniable that …..
例句: Currently, there is an inevitable and undeniable fact that computer is playing a significant role in our daily lives
At present, it is inevitable and undeniable that advertisement has been flooding into our daily lives
5.随着社会(科技)的发展,人们开始注意到XXXX的重要性
Along with the advance of the society (science and technology), people are attaching much importance to ……
例句: Along with the advance of the society, people are attaching more and more importance to the interview in the job-hunting
6.最近, XXXXX现象引起了人们的广泛关注
Recently, the phenomenon that …… has aroused wide public concern
例句: Recently, the phenomenon that CPI keeps increasing has aroused wide public concern
7.一部分人认为……., 而另一部分人认为……
Some people argue that….., whereas others maintain that….
8. 就我个人而言(老实说), 我全力支持前者(后者
eg. As for me, I am in high favor of the former (latter).
Personally, I side with the former (latter)
Frankly speaking/ To be frank/ To be honest/ Honestly speaking, it is the former (latter) that I approve of
9.我认为(在我看来,就我看来,我的观点是, 我想….)
I am convinced that….
As far as I am concerned, …..
From my point of view, …..
From where I stand, ……
11.因此, 基于以上讨论, 我们很容易得出……的结论
Based on the discussion above, it is easy for us to draw the conclusion that…..
12.作文中一些可用来替换常用词汇的高级词汇
important—significant; good—stunning/ fabulous/ sensational ; way—approach/ method
use—adopt; understand/know—figure… out ; but—nevertheless; so—consequently/ therefore
because of—due to; like to do/want to do— be willing to do; finish—accomplish;
13.According to the statistics provided by..., it can be seen that...
14. There is good/sufficient evidence to show that...
15. No one can ignore/overlook the fact that...
二、用于文章结尾的句型:
1) From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these factors, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion that ...
2) It is high time that we put considerable/great/special emphasis on ...
3) There is no immediate solution to the problem of..., but... might be helpful/beneficial.
4) No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of ..., but the general awareness of the necessity/importance of... might be the first step on the right way.
5) There is little doubt/denying that ...
6) It is, therefore, obvious/evident that the task of...require immediate attention.
7) In conclusion,...
8) Personally, I prefer to...
9) In short,... should learn to...; Only in this way can the most difficult problems be solved properly.
10) As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that...
三、常用谚语 (在议论文中):
1) As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”.
2) As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides”. On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health. On the other hand, if you don?t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health. So we should look at the matter from two sides.
3) As a proverb says, “Where there is a will there is a way.” (有志者事竟成)
4) As a popular saying goes, “A man is known by the company he keeps.”(观其交友,知其为人)
5) As is known to all, “No pains, no gains”.(没有苦,就没有甜)
四、辩论中常用的句型:
1) There is no doubt that ...
2) It is obvious/clear that ...
3) As is known to all, ...
4) (It’?s) no wonder... (难怪) He didn’t work hard and no wonder he lost his job.
5) It goes without saying that ... (不用说,不成问题,很自然……)
6) What is more important, ...
7) I am convinced that ... (我深信……)
篇12:高考英语作文:给美国朋友的信
全文共 806 字
+ 加入清单假设你是李华,你在报上看到北京电视台今年七月将举办外国人“学中文,唱中文歌”才艺大赛。你的美国朋友Peter正在北京一所大学学中文,你觉得他应去试一试。请按以下要点给他写信告知此事,并表示可以提供帮助。
比赛时间:7 月18日 。报名时间:截止到6月30日。报名地点:北京电视台
注意:1.词数:100左右 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯 3.参考词汇:才艺大赛—talent show
Dear Peter,
I read in a newspaper today that a “Learn Chinese, Sing Chinese Songs” Foreigners’ Talent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July 18. I know you like singing, and you are in Beijing during that period. I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. If you would like to try, you‘ U have to go to the TV station to sign up before the end of June. If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.
Yours,
Li Hua
[名师点评]
从整体上说,书写得简洁明快。语言简单平实,要点囊括齐全,结构完整。的主要特点是让步状语从句的使用,最后两句话,采用了if引导的让步状语从句,结合将来时使用。
篇13:高考英语作文的得分技巧
全文共 2851 字
+ 加入清单从每年的考试情况来看,很多同学能完整地按照要求把文章写出来,但得分却较低。实际上,高考英语书面表达是一个分值颇高且易得分的题型,只是很多同学没有掌握得分技巧。下面我们一起看看怎样才能让高考作文“拽”起来。
一、几点重要原则
1.智者利用押题,傻子依赖押题!
2.书面表达整篇背诵绝无必要,可以以看读为主,关键是从中汲取一些常用的词汇和表达,并能得体熟练地运用。考场上应变能力很重要!
3.英文写作模仿很重要。有时也很有效。但不能过于牵强,尤其是对一些长难句的刻意模仿使用。
4.文似看山不喜平,起承转合一定要有!
5.“见微知著,一叶知秋”,几个亮点足矣:有道是:浓妆淡抹总相宜,作文写得简洁到位要比长篇大论更显功力。
6.心不为形役。不要身陷逐字逐句“英汉对号”式的字面翻译,要把表达的主动权始终握在自己手里。
二、善用万能句以不变应万变
历届高考,书面表达考得最多是提示作文,即提供一定的情景内容,要求考生完成100词左右的短文。
从命题方式看,有短文提示、要点提示、图画提示、情景提示以及图表提示等;体裁以应用文为主,记叙文为辅:题材为广大中学生所熟悉的日常生活。从提供要点的情景方面看,历届高考书面表达题均属供料小作文,采用文字供料或文字说明加图画(图表)的方式供料。
备考时,同学们要利用有限的时间把以前背的范文整理一下,从中选出不同体裁、不同题材的范文各一篇(范文以高考真题的高分作文为佳),把它们重新记忆,一定记牢。这样,高考时不管什么样的文章都可套用背诵好的格式。避免考场上因紧张而无章可循。
最后阶段,还要总结一下写作时常用且能出彩的固定句型、句式,比如强调句型、定语从句、名诃性从句等,牢记英语的五个基本句式,背诵平时老师总结的万能句。以不变应万变。
考场答题前,应仔细审题,研究所提供的文字和图画(图表)材料和作文要求。分析、提炼要点,理顺要点,确立基本的写作思路,不要忽略任何一个词。关键的词更不能遗漏,构思好写几个方面,缺一不可。
写作时,尽量用学过的英语句型和词组。少写长句和复杂句以免弄巧成拙、漏洞百出。但目前高考有关书面表达的评分标准要求作文中应有“较多的语法结构和词汇”,因此同学们在书面表达中不能都写小句、短句和单句,还要正确运用高级词汇和复杂结构。恰当运用过渡词,使写出来的文章含金量更高,更具可读性。
三、高分作文六大特性
1.条理性。指的是合理安排文章结构。首先,在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面要有一定的条理性。其次。根据需要,安排好段落,各段之间要层次分明,也要重视每一段的开头和结尾,开头语往往是总起句,结尾语往往是总结句。
2.准确性。指要求写出语法正确的句子,包括时态、语态、用词和句法等,要准确、地道地表达。必须要牢牢掌握一些常用句型或习惯表达,避免中式英语,在实践中不断总结中英用法的差异,养成用英语思维写作的习惯。
3.流畅性。指根据整篇文章思想的需要,有效采用不同的连接手段,使文章层次清楚、行文连贯。
4.简洁多样性。简洁性就是语言简洁,不重复。多样性就是能随情景内容的变化写出句式多样的语句。这也是新课程标准对写作的评价标准。
5.思想性。新标准对写作的要求,增加了情感因素,在准确流畅表达写作要点的同时,适当增加句子的感情色彩,增加一些人情味,使文章读起来更亲切,完全达到与读者进行交流的目的。
6.美观性。指的是卷面书写规范、清楚、干净、整洁。
四、怎样才能有‘拽”的感觉
1.高考写作的实质——变相考查句型与词汇的灵活应用
英语写作不同于语文作文的写作,如果说语文作文是一个自由发挥的舞蹈,那么高考英语写作就是带着枷锁在跳舞。我之所以这样来形容,是因为高考英语写作的内容都已经通过文字、表格、图片这三种形式给定,内容方面,不需要学生进行发挥,大家所需要发挥的就是不要老去给这个不变的内容穿毫无变化的校服(简单句),而要去穿一些不一样的衣服,让它显得不那么单调,让阅卷老师能看到不同,而那些所谓的衣服也就是多变句型与词汇。
2.写作的评分标准——怎么去迎合评卷老师的胃口
我了解到目前很大一部分学生的作文都处在15分左右,写作满分25分,15分也就是个及格分,那么15分和20多分的作文到底差在哪里?这个问题很容易回答。15分的作文中规中矩,该对的都对,包括内容要点的完整,语法与词形的正确,但是全都是简单句子的堆砌,没有任何亮点。而20多分的作文在句型词汇方面就做了很好的包装,它的句子穿的衣服已经不是校服,而是李宁、耐克,或者是阿迪,所以让人觉得很“拽”,而高考英语写作要的就是这种很“拽”的感觉。
3.写作提分的三要素——句型。连词。高级词汇
句子是我们写作文最大的单位。有了漂亮的句子。用好的连词将其连句成段,再加上一些如星星般亮点词汇的点缀,一篇好的高考英语作文就诞生了。而这三个因素中最容易把握的是句子,最难的是高级词汇,限于大家的词汇还比较有限。一篇文章中出现那么一两个就够了。我们应该把重心放在句型上,因为这个最容易把握。
但是大家又有这样的困惑,学校里老师也给了我们很多的句型啊,动辄成五十上百句的,大家背得挺多,但是面对考试的时候,发现背的那些怎么也用不上。其实不是那些东西没有用,而是它们太干了,就好比一根干骨头,大家嚼起来很没有味。也不知道该把它们往哪里放。
在这里我给大家提供一种比较切实可行、迅速提高的练习方法,在接下来的时间里只要大家按照这个方法来,就一定会有收获。
找出历年真题,一周只需要写两篇。但是要这么来写。
1.把你要写的内容要点用九到十句的汉语表达出来。
2.逐一地进行翻译,不是用简单句。而是要刻意地去想:
(1)可以用什么样的复杂句;
(2)怎样去避开不会的表达,转义。
例如:
这本书是如此的有趣,以至于我读了一遍又一遍。
1.This book was so interest,ing that l read it again and again,
2.This was such an interest,ing book that l read it again andagain,
3.This was s0 jnteresting abook that l read it again and a—gain
4.So interesting was thisbook that l read it again and a—gain
这四句译文当中无疑评卷老师最欣赏的是第四句,因为它用了倒装。
4.如何备考
其实这种思维大家都有。但是没有成为一种思路,让它能在考试中起到作用,那是因为大家练得少。英语写作处在一种很尴尬的境地,一方面大家要分数。但另外一方面大家一个学期里写的作文也就是期中期末的两篇。毫不夸张地说,有的学生上了三年的高中可能只写了六篇作文,所以练习是很重要的,要是现在不练而把高考当练习。那么作文只拿14、15分也合情合理了,到那时你不要骂评卷老师不公平,而应该问问自己备考的时候为什么不多练几篇。时间都是挤出来的,希望大家可以挤出时间来练写作。
篇14:2024年北京高考英语作文题目:李华照顾生病的妈妈
全文共 221 字
+ 加入清单北京的高考英语试题,第一篇作文题通常是情景作文,试题提供4到6幅图,让学生用英语讲述一个完整的故事,词数不少于60个。作文中要体现各幅图的要点和细节,并适当发挥。而每年图中都会出现同一个主人公即“李华”。学而思高考研究办公室蔺思文老师分析,今年的情景作文延续了北京历年来的叙事风格,连续四年主人公都是“李华”。今年作文题提供的4幅图中,李华在爸爸出差期间照顾生病的妈妈,属于常见的事件类作文。
篇15:三桃石高考英语作文
全文共 3797 字
+ 加入清单observe a child; any one will do. you will see that not a day passes in which he does not find something or other to make him happy, though he may be in tears the net moment. then look at a man; any one of us will do. you will notice that weeks and months can pass in which day is greeted with nothing more than resignation1, and endure with every polite indifference. indeed, most men are as miserable as sinners, though they are too bored to sin-perhaps their sin is their indifference2. but it is true that they so seldom smile that when they do we do not recognize their face, so distorted is it from the fied mask we take for granted3. and even then a man can not smile like a child, for a child smiles with his eyes, whereas a man smiles with his lips alone. it is not a smile; but a grin; something to do with humor4, but little to do with happiness. and then, as anyone can see, there is a point (but who can define that point?) when a man becomes an old man, and then he will smile again.
it would seem that happiness is something to do with simplicity, and that it is the ability to etract pleasure form the simplest things-such as a peach stone, for instance.it is obvious that it is nothing to do with success. for sir henry stewart was certainly successful. it is twenty years ago since he came down to our village from london, and bought a couple of old cottages, which he had knocked into one. he used his house a s weekend refuge5. he was a barrister. and the village followed his brilliant career with something almost amounting to paternal pride.i remember some ten years ago when he was made a kings counsel6, amos and i, seeing him get off the london train, went to congratulate him. we grinned with pleasure; he merely looked as miserable as though hed received a penal sentence. it was the same when he was knighted; he never smiled a bit, he didnt even bother to celebrate with a round of drinks at the "blue fo"7. he took his success as a child does his medicine. and not one of his achievements brought even a ghost of a smile to his tired eyes.
i asked him one day, soon after hed retired to potter about his garden,8 what is was like to achieve all ones ambitions. he looked down at his roses and went on watering them. then he said "the only value in achieving ones ambition is that you then realize that they are not worth achieving." quickly he moved the conversation on to a more practical level, and within a moment we were back to a safe discussion on the weather. that was two years ago.
i recall this incident, for yesterday, i was passing his house, and had drawn up my cart just outside his garden wall. i had pulled in from the road for no other reason than to let a bus pass me. as i set there filling my pipe, i suddenly heard a shout of sheer joy come from the other side of the wall.i peered over. there stood sir henry doing nothing less than a tribal war dance9 of sheer unashamed ecstasy. even when he observed my bewildered face staring over the wall he did not seem put out10 or embarrassed, but shouted for me to climb over.
"come and see, jan. look! i have done it at last! i have done it at last!"there he was, holding a small bo of earth in his had. i observed three tiny shoots out of it."and there were only three!" he said, his eyes laughing to heaven."three what?" i asked."peach stones", he replied. "ive always wanted to make peach stones grow, even since i was a child, when i used to take them home after a party, or as a man after a banquet. and i used to plant them, and then forgot where i planted them. but now at last i have done it, and, whats more, i had only three stones, and there you are, one, two, three shoots," he counted.
and sir henry ran off, calling for his wife to come and see his achievement-his achievement of simplicity.
篇16:温柔和强硬的税收诞生高考英语作文
全文共 1841 字
+ 加入清单people always have the tendency to regard government pollcies as either gentle or tough. however, there is always eception. take the taes on birth for instance. it is really an incredible combination of both.
somebody argues that the taes on birth proclaim to the public what the government wants. thats true. but will the public take birth control without hesitation just because the government wants it? besides, we cant always count on taes to reverse peoples behavior. the doubled taes on wine and cigarettes over the past years dont discourage the consumption of them at all, not to mention other luuries. to a certain degree,drinking and smoking have become more attractive to people as a symbol of financial abilities. how can we epect things to work out better if we simply apply the similar kinds of taes on birth?with the taes on birth policy, the government seems to suggest to people that it is acceptable to have more children, as long as their families can afford the taes. thus new challenges to social equality were posed. rich people can enjoy larger families while poor people are supposed to have fewer children. the rights of giving more births seemed to be entitled to wealthy people under the taes policy.
besides, once a child is born, he should be guaranteed the very best his parents could offer. in poor families, wouldnt the children, who are taed be regarded as burdens by other family members because theyve imposed more economic pressures on their families? the ta also directly deprives his or her rights to grow up in a better economic condition while such deprivation to a child in a wealthy family doesnt have much influence at all.
the taes on birth policy is, after all, gentle to the rich and tough to the poor, especially to the taed children in poor families. thus, it is not worth so much recommendation.
篇17:高考英语作文模板——现象/现状说明段
全文共 453 字
+ 加入清单【示例一】
①With the rapid advances of ________ in recent years, ________has ________(引出现象). ②However, ________has ________, as ________(提出问题). ③As a result, ________(指出影响),which has aroused close social attention from all walks of life.
【示例二】
①With the rapid development of science and technology (electronic industry/higher education), more and more people come to realize that ________(引出现象). ②It is estimated, over the past decade, that ________(用具体数据说明现象).
篇18:高考英语作文:水的重要性
全文共 697 字
+ 加入清单阅读电视广告词: If we don t save water,the last drop of water will be a tear-drop. 根据提示,写一篇60-80词的短文。
提示:
1.生活离不开水。
2.可饮用水在减少。
3.水污染严重。
4.应保护水源,再利用水。
Water is very important to humans.We can t live without water.The water we can drink is falling.But some people don t seem to care about it.They waste a lot of water.They pour dirty water into rivers and lakes.Water pollution is getting more and more serious.So we must do something to stop the pollution.We not only protect the water but also find ways to reuse it.If we don t do this,the last drop of water will be a tear-drop.
水对人类很重要,我们不能没有水,水可以喝掉。但是有些人似乎并不在乎。他们浪费很多水。他们把污水排入河流和湖泊,水污染越来越严重,所以我们必须做点什么停止污染。我们不仅保护水,还发现利用它的方式。如果我们不这样做,最后一滴水将是一滴眼泪。
篇19:2024年高考英语书面表达突破技巧
全文共 2934 字
+ 加入清单书面表达一直在历年高考中占有很重要的地位,而且相对于其他题型,书面表达最容易在短期内有所突破。下面小编为大家整理了英语作文的突破技巧,欢迎大家阅读。
书面表达在评阅时遵循语言第一位(语言高级),内容第二位(要点齐全),结构第三位(文章分段)的原则,也就是说阅卷老师最注重的是语言,换句话说是亮点,根据语言使用情况,亮点的多少而定出档次,所以同学们在书面表达中语言上的亮点是得高分的关键。
亮点一共有四种:
一、高级词汇和语法;
二、修辞手法;
三、有效的连词;
四、名人名言或谚语。
首先简单介绍亮点当中至关重要的高级语法,以及修辞手法当中的一些技巧的使用。
肯定不如否定好
修辞的使用在书面表达中算作很大的亮点,在高中阶段很少有学生会注重修辞的应用。双重否定也是种修辞,而且对于考生来说,只要稍加注意,可以在文章中设计双重否定的句子。例如想表达“邮递员天天准时到”,如果写成The postman comes on time every day,就不如变成双重否定,The postman never fails to come on time,就变成了亮点句,起到强调作用。几乎每个人对生活的态度都不同程度受到地震的影响,写成双重否定There was hardly a man or a woman whose attitude
towards life had not affected by the earthquake.应用类似的修辞会在高考中为同学们加分。
陈述不如倒装妙
在书面表达中阅卷老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种:倒装,强调,从句,独立主格和分词结构,以及虚拟语气。倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的四种形式,足以应对书面表达,如何应用倒装,有很多方法和技巧。
否定词开头
如果写出的句子中有否定词, 例如I will never marry you. 不如变成倒装,用否定词开头Never will I marry you. 就算作使用了高级语法。其他的否定词,如not, seldom, hardly等开头后面的句子倒装都是比较好的句子。
地点状语开头
在很多年的高考书面表达中都有表达地点的句子,一个建筑位于什么位置,或什么地方有什么东西,都可以应用倒装。例如在2006年的全国卷中,图书馆位于学校的中央,Our library is in the center of our school.变成倒装就用地点状语开头:In the center of our school lies our library. 其他的例子,想表达河岸上有很多花:On the bank stand some flowers. 天空中繁星点点:In the sky hang little stars. 总之在想表达地点时就把地点状语放在句首后面主谓倒装。
这样做的好处之一是倒装本身就是高级结构,第二是倒装后把真正的主语放到了句子的末尾,后面还可以继续加从句,使整个句子再呈现更多的亮点。例如In the center of our school lies our library,which is between the garden and the teaching building.
Only+介词短语
例如在2007年全国卷中,让外教帮你找个笔友,有一句可以表达成只有通过这种方式我才能提高英语,这句话可以写成Only in this way can I improve my English.其他的例子还有Only by taking exercises can we keep healthy.
形容词+as+主语+be动词
例如Young as I am, I can manage it; Rich as our country is, we have a lot of problems. 2000年书面表达中:Badly injured as he was, he managed to take down the
car’s number. 还有其他的倒装结构,很高兴收到的你的来信:So glad am I to hear from you.在高考中要尽量使用一两个倒装。
主动不如被动巧
在近些年的阅卷中,发现考生在写作中很少使用被动语态,也许是受中文思维的影响,几乎整篇文章都使用主动语态。其实在英文中,被动语态的使用是很重要的。因为英语是一门客观的语言,而汉语是主观的语言,具体体现在英语中经常用被动语态,汉语经常用主动语态;英语中经常用物称或形式主语开头,强调一件事发生在什么人身上,而汉语经常用人称开头强调一个人发生了什么事。所以使用被动语态符合英语的习惯,如果能将整个文章中两个句子变成被动语态,就会呈现句型的变化,使整个文章句型丰富。
例如在2006年的高考中,很多学生在表达我们每次可以借五本书最多借十天时,都是用:We can borrow five books at most, and we can keep them for ten days.这句话如果写成:At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days,分数会更高。
分词结构不能少
在前文提到,在书面表达中老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种:倒装,强调,从句,独立主格和分词结构,以及虚拟语气。在所有的高级语法中,阅卷老师最喜欢看到的是独立主格和分词结构,其次是剩下的几项。但很多学生不知道如何在文章中使用这个最大的亮点。其实几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成独立主格或分词结构,时间状语从句,原因状语,条件状语等。例如条件状语从句:If such is the case, you should apologize to her. 如何变成独立主格或分词结构呢?学会下面的口诀,如果你的作文中有状语从句,马上可改成独立主格或分词结构这个最大的亮点。
口诀:一去,二看,三改。一去:去连词;二看:看主语;三改:改分词。
If such is the case, you should apologize to her.按照这个口诀来改,第一步,去掉连词if;第二步,看前后两句话的主语,前后主语不一致,所以要改成独立主格;第三步,改分词,is 变成分词是being,所以最后变成Such being the case, you should apologize to her.就变成了独立主格。
如果前后两句话主语一致,就变成分词结构,例如2005年高考书面表达中的一句话Because I am a student, I’d like to know the price for students. 改成Being a student, I’d like to know the price for students.其他想表达状语从句的时候几乎都一样。所以想表达由于,因为,如果等都写成独立主格或分词结构会让阅卷老师多给几分。
以上技巧有语文迷小编整理,看过后你真的学到了吗?
篇20:2024年高考英语素材:常用插入语
全文共 802 字
+ 加入清单1. however 然而
2. obviously 显然
3. frankly 坦率地说
4. briefly 简单地说
5. indeed 的确
6. honestly 真的
7. fortunately/luckily 幸好
8. I believe 我相信
9. I wonder 我不知道
10. in the first place 首先
11. in addition 此外
12. of course 当然
13. for instance/example 例如
14. strictly speaking 严格地说
15. generally speaking 一般来说
16. judging from... 根据……判断
17. that is 也就是说
18. it seems 看来是
19. in fact // as a matter of fact 事实上
20. needless to say 不用说
21. strange to say 说也奇怪
22. to tell the truth 老实说
23. to be sure 无疑
24. to sum up 概括地说
25. I am sure 我可以肯定地说
26. luckily/happily for sb. 算某人幸运
27. most important of all 最为重要的是
28. what is important/serious 重要/严重的是
29. in general 一般而言
30. in other words 换句话说
31. in a sense 在某种意义上
32. in my view // as I see it 在我看来
33. from my point of view // from my perspective/viewpoint我认为
34. in conclusion 总之
35. in summary 概括地说