后起之秀成语典故优秀19篇

望梅止渴

Among the outstanding figures of Chinese history, famous either for their

intelligence or treachery(背叛,变节), Cao Cao is one of the foremost.

One hot day, he marched out his troops under a burning sun in a mountainous

area. Bewilderingly(令人困惑地) he lost the way. The journey was long and the sun was

scorching. After their fruitless and tiresome march, all voiced their great

dissatisfaction with the leadership of Cao Cao. They bitterly complained of

their great thirst. The antagonism(对抗) of the soldiers was growing fast and they

were on the verge of staging a mutiny(兵变). The subordinate officers were

helpless to cope with the situation.

Cao Cao, however, in the nick of time cleverly and treacherously gave

orders to his troops to march to the nearby plum trees for a rest and announced

that soldiers would be allowed to eat the juicy sour(酸的) fruit as much as they

desired.

At the thought of the sour fruit the soldiers complaint of great thirst as

well as the antagonistic feeling were quickly forgotten.

Based on the story the later generation formed the proverb "to quench ones

thirst by looking up at plums", to illustrate a case where one takes comfort in

believing that they have already attained that which was expected or

desired.

东施效颦

Xi Shi, a famous beauty, had a pain in her bosom(胸部) , so she had a frown

on her face when she went out. An ugly girl who lived nearby saw her and thought

she looked very beautiful. therefore when she went home, she also put her hands

on her bosom and had a frown on her face.

When a rich man in the neighbourhood saw her, he shut his doors tightly and

did not go out. When a poor man saw her, he took his wife and children and gave

her a wide berth(保持安全距离) .

She only knew Xi Shis frown looked beautiful but she did not know the

reason for its beauty.

万事俱备 只欠东风

China has been divided into three kingdoms historically: Wei in the north,

Shu in the southwest and Wu in the southeast.

Once Cao Cao from Wei led a 200,000 strong army down to the south to wipe

out the kingdoms of Wu and Shu. Therefore, Wu and Shu united to defend his

attack. Cao ordered his men to link up the boats by iron chains to form a bridge

for the Caos passing from the north bank of Yangtze River to the south bank.

The General Commander of the allied army was Zhou Yu. He analyzed the situation

carefully. Then he got a good idea. He decided to attack the enemy with fire. So

he began to prepare for the neting battle. Suddenly he thought of the direction

of wind. He needed the east wind to blow strongly in order to acnetplish his

scheme. However, the wind did not nete for days. Thus Zhou Yu was worried about

it. At that time, he got a note from Zhuge Liang, the military adviser of the

State of Shu, which reads:

"To fight Cao Cao

Fire will help you win

Everything is ready

Except the east wind"

Quickly he turned to Zhuge Liang for help. Zhuge told him not to worry and

there would be an east wind in a couple of days. Two days later, the east wind

helped Zhou acnetplish his scheme. At last, the allied army won the war.

Later, people use it to say "All is ready except what is crucial".

专心致志

Yi Qiu was known as the most famous expert at chess throughout the land.

Once he gave lessons on chess to two men. One of them was netpletely absorbed in

his teaching, listening attentively to Yi Qiu while the other, who seemed to be

listening, had his mind on something else. In fact, he was having a fancy that a

swan was flying towards him and he had in his hands a bow and an arrow, ready to

shoot. As a result, though he was having the same lesson together with the first

man, yet he turned out a much inferior(差的，自卑的) pupil.

If one does not give single-hearted devotion to it, no skills will be

learned.

一技之长

Gong sun Long , is a famous scholar lived in the State of Zhao during the

Warring States Period (475-221BC). He had kept a circle skilled people around

him. He often said, "A wise man should welnete anyone with a specialty."

One day, a man dressed in tattered(破烂的) and dirty clothes came to see him

and said to him:" I have a special skill. "

Gong asked: "What is it?"

"I have a loud voice and Im good at shouting."

Then Gong turned to his followers and asked," Who is good at shouting?" But

none of them answered "Yes ". So the scholar took the man in.

Some days later, Gong and his followers went on a trip. They came to a wide

river and found the ferryboat was on the other side of the river. All of them

had no idea. Suddenly, Gong thought of the shouting expert and turned to him,

"Can you have a try?" The man realized it was the chance to show his skill. He

shouted to the ferryman as loud as he could, "Hey, ferryman, nete here, we want

to cross the river." As his voice ended, the ferryman came to fetch them. Gong

was very satisfied with the new follower.

Later, people use it to describe anyone who has a special professional

skill.

相敬如宾

During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), there was a high official

in the State of Jin. He once saw a farmer working in the field and his wife

bringing his lunch to him in a very respectful manner. He showed great interest

in the matter. He took the farmer back to Jin with him, and said to the King of

Jin, "Respect is a demonstration of virtue. If one is respectful, he must be

virtuous. We should educate our people with virtue." But the King asked, "His

father is guilty, is it wise to do so?" He replied, "Guan Zhong had been enemy

to the Duke Huan of Qi, but the duke appointed Guan Zhong prime minister and

finally acnetplished his hegemony. Shun exiled Gun but promoted his son Yu. You

just make use of his strong points." At last, Duke Wen took his advice and put

the farmer in an important position.

Later, this idiom means a couple treats each other with respect like

guests.

郑人买履

A man of the state of Zheng wanted to buy a pair of shoes. He measured his

foot and put the measurement on a chair. When he set out for the market he

forgot to bring it along. It was after he had found the pair he wanted that this

occurred to him.

I forgot the measurement, said he.

He went home to get it but when he returned the market had broken up and he

did not get his shoes after all.

Why didnt you try on the shoes with your feet?

He was asked.

I d rather trust the measurement than trust myself.

入木三分

Wang Xi-zhi is one of the most famous calligraphers(书法家) during the Eastern

Jin Dynasty of China. When he was very young, he practiced his art every day and

never stopped.

Later he absorbed the strong points of all the other schools of

calligraphy, and developed his own unique style of writing. Because of his

achievements, he has been honored as one of Chinas sages of calligraphy. One

time, Wang Xi-zhi sketched in wood for an engraver to cut. Then the engraver

found the ink had penetrated one centimeter into the wood.

"Ru Mu San Fen" is got from this story, which means the calligraphy is

penetrating.

Now it is often used to describe expressing sharp ideas or profound

views.

买椟还珠

A man from the state of Chu wanted to sell a precious pearl in the state of

Zheng. He made a casket(小箱，棺材) for the pearl out of the wood from a magnolia(木兰)

tree, which he fumigated(熏制) with spices. He studded the casket with pearls and

jade, ornamented it with red gems and decorated it with kingfisher(翠鸟) feathers.

A man of the state of Zheng bought the casket and gave him back the pearl.

Too luxuriant(丰富的，奢华的) decoration usually supersedes(取代) what really

counts. This man from Chu certainly knew how to sell a casket but he was no good

at selling his pearl. And the man of Zheng didnt know which is really

valuable.

叶公好龙

In the Spring and Autumn Period, there lived in Chu a person named Chu

Zhuliang, who addressed himself as "Lord Ye".

Its said that this Lord Ye was very fond of dragons. The walls had dragons

painted on them. The beams, pillars, doors and the windows were all carved with

them. As a result, his love for dragons was spread out. When the real dragon in

heaven heard of this Lord Ye, he was deeply moved. He decided to visit Lord Ye

to thank him.

You might think Lord Ye was very happy to see a real dragon. But, actually,

at very the sight of the creature, he was scared out of his wits and ran away as

fast as he could.

From then on, people knew that Lord Ye only loved pictures or carvings

which look like dragons, not the real thing.

释义“秀”，优秀的意思，表示后辈中的优秀者。这则成语也称 “后起之秀”。

东晋时，王忱(chen)在少年时代就显露出才气，很受亲友的 推祟。

他的舅父范宁，是当时著名的经学家，对王忱也很器重，有著 名文士拜访，他总让王忱到场接待。

有一次，王忱去看望舅舅，遇到了比他早出名的张玄。舅舅要他 俩交谈交谈。张玄早就听说王忱志趣不凡，很想与他谈谈。他年龄比 王忱要大，自然希望王忱先给自己打招呼，就端正地坐着等候。不 料，王忱见张玄这等模样，看不上眼．也默默坐着，一言不发。张玄见 他这样，自己又放不下架子，对坐了一会，怏怏不乐地离去。

事后，范宁责备王忱说：“张玄是吴中的优秀人才，你为什么不 好好与他谈谈?’’

王忱傲慢地回答说：“他要是真心想和我来往，完全可以来找我 谈谈嘛。”

范宁听了这话，倒反而称赞起外甥来了：“你这样风流俊逸，真 是后来的优秀人才。” ” 玉忱笑着回答说：“没有您这样的舅舅，哪来我这样的外甥?”

【注音】míng gǔ ér gōng zhī

【典故】非吾徒也，小子鸣鼓而攻之可也。 《论语·先进》

【释义】比喻宣布罪状，遣责或声讨。

【用法】作谓语；指公开声讨

【近义词】鸣鼓而攻

【押韵词】穷通得失、倒行逆施、称物平施、费尽心思、抓拿骗吃、剿抚兼施、如醉如痴、力竭声嘶、命若悬丝、玩法徇私、......

【英语】convictanddenounceinpublic

【成语故事】春秋时期，鲁国的季康子主张改革农田制度，承认私人可以拥有土地，想试行按亩征税，他的属下冉求是孔子的学生，就让冉求去征询孔子的意见。孔子反对改变王法，冉求支持季康子的改革，孔子就号召他的其他学生敲着鼓去进攻冉求

【示例】此秀才中之异端，尔其鸣鼓而攻之！但念在天色已晚，可与同居中国，速领他到西小房去！ 清·李百川《绿野仙踪》第七回

出处宋·刘义庆《世说新语赏誉》

范豫章谓王荆州，“卿风流逸望，真后来之秀。”

释义 “秀”，优秀的意思，表示后辈中的优秀者。这则成语也称 “后起之秀”。

故事 东晋时，王忱(chen)在少年时代就显露出才气，很受亲友的 推祟。他的舅父范宁，是当时著名的经学家，对王忱也很器重，有著 名文士拜访，他总让王忱到场接待。 有一次，王忱去看望舅舅，遇到了比他早出名的张玄。舅舅要他 俩交谈交谈。张玄早就听说王忱志趣不凡，很想与他谈谈。他年龄比 王忱要大，自然希望王忱先给自己打招呼，就端正地坐着等候。不 料，王忱见张玄这等模样，看不上眼．也默默坐着，一言不发。张玄见 他这样，自己又放不下架子，对坐了一会，怏怏不乐地离去。 事后，范宁责备王忱说：“张玄是吴中的优秀人才，你为什么不 好好与他谈谈?’’ 王忱傲慢地回答说：“他要是真心想和我来往，完全可以来找我 谈谈嘛。” 范宁听了这话，倒反而称赞起外甥来了：“你这样风流俊逸，真 是后来的优秀人才。” ” 玉忱笑着回答说：“没有您这样的舅舅，哪来我这样的外甥?”

高力士常被人看作一生的污点，也是高力士在戏台上被人描绘成丑角的主要原因，那就是他是否给李白脱过靴，并因此而陷害李白。

《唐才子传》描绘过一个生动的故事，说的是李白曾经骑着一头驴路过华阴县，冲撞了华阴县长官，县令喝问：你是谁啊?李白回答说：“曾令龙巾拭吐，御手调羹，贵妃捧砚，力士脱靴。天子门前，尚容走马，华阴县里，不得骑驴?”(《唐才子传》卷二)皇帝用他的手巾给我擦呕吐物，亲自为我调过羹汤，贵妃为我捧过砚台，高力士给我脱过靴子，天子门前我都被特许骑马，怎么到你这华阴县就不让骑驴了?县令听了吓得赶紧行礼：原来是李翰林。李白大笑而去。

故事很生动，但是这事儿是真是假呢?

记载高力士脱靴之事的主要有三条史料，分别是《唐国史补》《酉阳杂俎》和《旧唐书》。故事都大同小异，说李白在当翰林待诏的时候，经常喝酒，唐玄宗有一次召见李白，让他写诗，李白趁着酒兴，大笔一挥，写得兴致盎然，然后有点得意忘形了，举起脚来对高力士说：“脱靴!”高力士当然十分不愿意，可是想到这是皇帝喜欢的诗人，于是也就蹲下来给他脱了。后面的故事呢?三条史料都说唐玄宗一见李白这个做派，很不高兴，觉得李白举止轻佻，李白因此而失宠。

这三条史料内容相近，结果也类似，应该是有共同的史源。

其实我对此表示高度怀疑：李白不过是翰林待诏，这在当时仅是个供皇帝消遣的职位，他即便是醉了，是否就有胆量让高力士脱靴?李白看似性格狂放不羁，实际上是很小心翼翼的人，从他对待其他官僚的态度就能看出来，所以我认为他没有这个胆量。

另外，范传正给李白撰写的《唐左拾遗翰林学士李公新墓碑》记述此事时说：“他日泛白莲池，公不在宴。皇欢既洽，召公作序。时公已被酒于翰苑中，仍命高将军扶以登舟，优宠如是。”他指出那一次李白的确喝醉了，皇帝命令高力士把他扶上船，没提到脱靴一事。这是墓碑，要比其他人的记述更可靠。

明人钟泰华《文苑四史》也对脱靴故事表示怀疑，认为所谓脱靴“恐出自稗官小说”，不可信。

既然脱靴之事尚且存疑，那么与此相关的所谓高力士陷害李白就是无稽之谈了。

冰山难靠这则成语的意思是比喻依靠别人权势不能长久。

这个成语来源于《资治通鉴》，君辈倚杨右相如泰山，吾以为冰山耳！若皎日既出，君辈得无失所恃乎！

唐玄宗李隆基特别宠爱杨玉环，封她为贵妃。这下杨家便鸡犬升天了，她的堂兄杨国忠也官运亨通做了宰相，还兼领四十余个使官，大权在握，朝廷选任官吏都在他家里私下决定。

当时，陕西有一个进士，名叫张彖（tuan）没有机会作官。他的朋友们都劝他去拜见杨国忠，那样立刻就能升官发财。可是他始终不去，反倒对劝他的朋友说：你们都把杨国忠看得像泰山一样稳固，可是我以为他不过是一座冰山罢了。将来天下有了动乱，他就会垮掉，好比冰山遇到太阳化掉一样，到那时候你们就失掉靠山了。不久，安禄山起兵叛乱，攻下京城长安，杨国忠随同唐玄宗逃往四川，在马嵬驿，被士兵杀死。杨贵妃也被缢死，杨家这座靠山果然塌倒了。

出处：《史记.孔子世家》孔子晚而喜《易》，……读《易》韦编三绝。曰：“假我数年，若是，我于《易》则彬彬矣。”

释义：“韦”是熟牛皮；“韦编”指用牛皮绳编连起来的竹简书。“三”是概数，表示多次；“绝”是断的意思。孔子为读《易》而翻断了多次牛皮带子的简。后人用“韦编三绝”这个成语加以概括。用来形容读书刻苦勤奋。

故事：春秋时的书，主要是以竹子为材料制造的，把竹子破成一根根竹签，称为竹“简”，用火烘干后在上面写字。竹简有一定的长度和宽度，一根竹简只能写一行字，多则几十个，少则八九个。一部书要用许多竹简，这些竹简必须用牢固的绳子之类的东西编连起来才能阅读。像《易》这样的书，当然是由许许多多竹简编连起来的，因此有相当的重量。

孔丘花了很大的精力，把《易》全部读了一遍，基本上了解了它的内容。不久又读第二遍，掌握了它的基本要点。接着，他又读第三遍，对其中的精神、实质有了透彻的理解。在这以后，为了深入研究这部书，又为了给弟子讲解，他不知翻阅了多少遍。这样读夹读去，把串连竹简的牛皮带子也给磨断了几次，不得不多次换上新的再使用。即使读到了这样的地步，孔子还谦虚他说：“假如让我多活几年，我就可以完全掌握《易》的文与质了。”

春秋时期，齐国的大夫崔杼和庆封合谋杀了齐庄公，改立杵臼为君，史称齐景公。齐景公封崔杼为右相，庆封为左相。

庄公有两个忠诚的卫士，一个叫卢蒲癸，一个叫王何，在庄公遇害后都逃往国外。卢蒲癸在出逃前嘱咐弟弟卢蒲嫳说：“我出逃后，你要设法取得崔杼和庆封的信任，在适当的时机叫我回国，到时为庄公报仇。”

卢蒲癸走后，卢蒲嫳不负所嘱，当上了庆封的家臣。他很快发现，庆封名为左相却毫无实权，便利用崔杼几个儿子争夺继承权的矛盾，杀了崔杼一家，崔杼也自缢身亡。从此，大权便全落到庆封手里。

庆封感激卢蒲嫳，对他十分宠信。不久，庆封迷恋上了一个女子，把国政全部交给儿子庆舍。

卢蒲嫳极力劝说庆封，要他召回卢蒲癸，庆封答应了他。卢蒲癸终于回国，做了庆舍的侍卫。卢蒲癸勇猛过人，又故意奉承庆舍，很得庆舍的赏识，庆舍把自己的女儿庆姜嫁给了他。不久，卢蒲癸又说服庆舍召回王何，和他一起当侍卫。从此，卢蒲癸和王何加紧秘密活动，联络对庆氏不满的人，准备诛灭庆氏，为庄公报仇。

卢蒲癸的妻子庆姜见丈夫行动诡秘，问他在干些什么。卢蒲癸便把准备杀灭庆氏，为庄公报仇的事说了。庆姜很识大义，表示愿意帮助丈夫完成这一义举。

庆姜说到做到。卢蒲癸选在庆封出猎的那一天行动，庆姜说服父亲随同齐景公一起到太庙行祭礼，以便卢蒲癸等下手。举行祭礼时，卢蒲癸和王何突然执戈猛刺庆舍，庆舍垂死挣扎，用酒壶砸死了王何，卢蒲癸又领兵杀尽庆氏余党。庆封在出猎途中得到这个消息，带着出猎的士兵回来攻城，但城中防守严密，无法攻克，他只得逃到鲁国去了。

事后，有人问卢蒲癸说：“庆氏和卢氏都是姜氏的后裔，你怎么会娶同宗的庆姜为妻呢？”

卢蒲癸回答说：“庆舍不避同宗，要把女儿嫁给我，我为什么要避开呢?就像有人对《诗经》断章取义，来表达自己的意思，我也只取我所想要的，管什么同宗不同宗呢？”

“断章取义”这一成语是指不顾全篇文章或谈话的内容，孤立地取其中的一段或一句的意思，指引用与原意不符。

【出处】： 《诗·魏风·汾沮洳》：“彼其之子，美如英……彼其之子，美如玉。”

【举例造句】： 假如不幸我庄周死后，你这般如花似玉的年纪，难道捱得过三年五载？ ★明·冯梦龙《警世通言·庄子休鼓盆成大道》

【故事】： 我国最早的诗歌总集《诗经》中描写一个美丽多情的少女去野外采桑，看到一个长得像鲜花一样美丽、像碧玉一样清秀的青年男子，他虽然衣着朴素大方，举止言行处处很高雅，少女顿时对这个如花似玉的男子从心底产生爱慕之情

战国时期哲学家庄子的思想集道家思想之大成．庄子对名利非常淡泊，却喜好沉思，对各种事物都有自已独到的见解。一天，庄子和好友惠子同去濠水边游玩，只见不流缓缓，清澈见底，石缝之上，鱼儿悠闲地摆动着美丽的尾鳍。庄子不由地赞叹说：你看这些鱼儿出游从容，在水里多么快乐啊！惠子说：你不是鱼，怎么知道鱼的快乐呢？庄子反问道：你不是我，怎么知道我不晓得鱼的快乐呢？

惠子说：我不是你，不知道你的内心可你也不是鱼，怎能知道鱼的快乐呢？庄子回答说：因为我到了濠水桥上，看见鱼儿在从容不迫、自由自在地游，所以觉得鱼很快乐。这时风在吹，鸟在飞，水在流，庄子和惠子在辩论着，小鱼儿依然在从容不迫地悠游。人如果想和鱼儿一样自由快乐，从容不迫，就需要身体和心理都健康，这就需要我们培养健康的身心。

《周易·泰》：“拔茅茹以其汇。”

王弼注：“茅之为物，拔其根而相牵引者也。茹，相牵引之貌也。”

朱熹本义：“三阳在下，拔茅连茹之象。”

明李贽《续藏书·逊国名臣·文学博士方公》：“拔茅连茹，随汇并进。”

清钱谦益《寿房海客十四韵》：“排格引绳良已甚，拔茅连茹亦奚惭。”

康有为《大同书》戊部第四章：“若使女子平等就学，岂遂无人？安得以数人稍能深思创作之故，遂拔茅连茹，贵其不辨菽麦之同类而贱其聪慧明敏之女子哉！”茅盾《幻灭》：“铲除封建思想的呼声喊得震天价响，然而亲戚故旧还不是拔茅连茹地登庸了么？”亦省作“拔茅”、“拔茹”。

晋葛洪《抱朴子·名实》：“拔茅之义圮，而负乘之群兴。”

宋王禹偁《留别仲咸》诗之一：“头白忽抛攀桂伴，道消休话拔茅心。”

明李东阳《次韵答方石先生》之二：“拔茅已慰朝端望，附骥方惭榜下名。”

明唐顺之《谢欧阳石江巡抚书》：“惟当宁信明公之激扬，而知其顾盼必能得士，偶因拔茹及此汇征，虽荐人常恐其知。在明公绝不以言于口，而受知思所以报。”

宋朝大书法家，大画家米芾的儿子米友仁（字元晖），家学渊源，也和他父亲一样，既写得一手好字，又长于作画，尤其非常喜爱古人的作品。有一次，他在别人的船上，看见王羲之真笔字帖，欢喜的什么似的，立即要拿一幅好画交换，主人不同意，他急得大叫，攀着船舷竟就往水里跳，幸亏别人很快把他抱住，才不致落水。他有一样很大的本颁，便是学会模仿古人的画品。他在涟水的时候，曾经向人借回一幅“松牛图”描摹。后来他把真本留下，拿摹本还给人，这人当时没有觉察出来。拿着走了。直至过了好多日才来讨还原本。米友仁问他怎么看得出来，那人回答说：“真本中的眼睛里面，有牧童的影子;而你还我的这一幅却没有。”可是米友仁模仿古人的画品，很少被人发觉他的模本是假的。他经常千方百计向人借古画描摹；而摹完以后，总是拿样本和真本一齐送给主人，请主人自己选择。由与他摹仿古画的技艺很精，把模本和真本模得一模一样，主人往往把模本当成真本收回去，米友仁便因此获得了许多名贵的真本古画。

米友仁是一个有才能的艺术家，值得人们敬仰，又是一个古画的爱好者和欣赏者，让人们更加知道古画的妙处和价值，可是他用那种摹仿的假本巧妙地换取别人真本的行为，却是叫人鄙弃和不耻的。所以有人把他这种用巧妙方法骗取别人真本古画的行为，叫做“巧偷豪夺”。后来的人又从此引伸成“巧取豪夺”这句成语，用来形容人以不正当的巧妙方法，攫取自己不应得的财物。“巧取”，骗取也;“豪夺”，抢占也。而用此种方法攫取财物，也往往利便又所得很多，故有“巧偷豪夺，故所得多多”见（“清波杂志”）之语，例如，以神物做幌子的神棍，常常巧立名目，假借做什么佛事，骗取无知的人的财物。攫取私有，这便是“巧取豪夺”了。